Transcript 21-03_pptlect.ppt

Anatomy & Physiology
SIXTH EDITION
Chapter 21, part 3
Blood Vessels and Circulation
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by
Dr. Kathleen A. Ireland, Biology Instructor, Seabury Hall, Maui, Hawaii
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Frederic H. Martini
Fundamentals of
SECTION 21-4
Patterns of Cardiovascular Response
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Exercise and the Cardiovascular System
• Light exercise results in
• Extensive vasodilation
• Increased venous return
• A rise in cardiac output
• Heavy exercise results in
• Increased blood flow to skeletal muscles
• Restriction of blood flow to nonessential
organs
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Cardiovascular response to hemorrhaging: short
term
• Carotid and aortic reflexes increase CO and
peripheral vasoconstriction
• Sympathetic nervous system elevates blood
pressure
• E and NE increase cardiac output and ADH
enhances vasoconstriction
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Cardiovascular response to hemorrhaging: long
term
• Decline in capillary blood pressure recalls fluids
from interstitial spaces
• Aldosterone and ADH promote fluid retention
• Increased thirst promotes water absorption
across the digestive tract
• Erythropoietin ultimately increases blood volume
and improves O2 delivery
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Figure 21.18 Cardiovascular Responses to
Hemorrhaging and Blood Loss
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Figure 21.18
Special circulation
• The brain
• Four arteries which anastomose insuring
constant blood flow
• The heart
• Coronary arteries arising from the ascending
aorta
• The lungs
• Pulmonary circuit, regulated by local
responses to O2 levels
• Opposite other tissues (declines in O2 cause
vasodilation)
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SECTION 21-5
The Distribution of Blood Vessels: An Overview
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The distribution of blood: General functional
patterns
• Peripheral distribution of arteries and veins is
generally symmetrical
• Except near the heart
• Single vessels may have several names as they
cross anatomical boundaries
• Arteries and corresponding veins usually travel
together
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Figure 21.20 An Overview of the Patterns of
Circulation
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Figure 21.20
SECTION 21-6
The Pulmonary Circuit
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Pulmonary circuit consists of pulmonary vessels
• Arteries which deliver blood to the lungs
• Capillaries in the lungs where gas exchange
occurs
• Veins which deliver blood to the left atrium
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Figure 21.21 The Pulmonary Circuit
PLAY
Animation: Cardiovascular System, Abdomen
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Figure 21.21
SECTION 21-7
The Systemic Circuit
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Systemic arteries
• Ascending aorta
• Right and left coronary arteries originate from base of
aortic sinus
• Aortic arch and branches
• Brachiocephalic
• Left common carotid
• Left subclavian arteries
• Descending aorta and its branches
• Thoracic and abdominal aortas
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Figure 21.22 An overview of the Major Systemic
Arteries
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Figure 21.22
Figure 21.23 Arteries of the Chest and Upper
Limb
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Figure 21.23a
Figure 21.23 Arteries of the Chest and Upper
Limb
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Figure 21.23b
Figure 21.24 Arteries of the Head and Neck
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Figure 21.24
Figure 21.25 Arteries of the Brain
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Figure 21.25
Figure 21.26 Major Arteries of the Trunk
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Figure 21.26a
Figure 21.26 Major Arteries of the Trunk
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Figure 21.26b