Transcript Map Skills
Map Making West Wing Clip “Nothing’s where it seems to be.” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n8zBC2dvERM Introduction to Map Skills CARTOGRAPHY The creation of maps including projection and design. MAP PROJECTIONS Definition: representing the spherical earth on a plane surface It is impossible to transform a sphere into something flat without creating distortions in the 2-D image. Geographers use numerous mathematical equations to produce map projections. AZIMUTHAL/PLANAR Size accurate Shows distances over poles, often used for air navigation CONIC PROJECTION Fairly accurate overall MERCATOR PROJECTION Fairly accurate however not with size or distance (Specifically at the poles) INTERRUPTED PROJECTION Show’s true size and shape However distances are inaccurate ROBINSON’S PROJECTION Overall fairly accurate However poles distorted Peter’s Projection Map BREAK! KAHOOT! Parts of a Map Kahoot ORANGE MAP Introduction to Map Skills Warm Up What parts of a map can you name? What do you look for when you see a map? IMPORTANT PARTS OF MAPS AND GLOBES (WHAT YOU SHOULD LOOK FOR FIRST) Seven components that are included on a useful map. Reportedly, the term originated by the National Geographic Society of the United States. 1. Title - should be pertaining to the subject of the map. 2. Orientation - Compass Rose should indicate North. 3. Date - What the date is. 4. Author - Who created the map. 5. Legend - What symbols mean on the map. 6. Scale - The size of space on the map. 7. Source - The Publisher or Organization of the map. PARTS OF A MAP(THIS IS THE TITLE!) Map Scale Compass Rose=Orientation Map Key/Legend SCALE ORIENTATION MAP TYPES WHAT TYPES OF MAPS ARE THERE? • Physical • Political • Thematic (Chloropleth and Cartogram) WHAT ARE POLITICAL MAPS? Show features on the earth’s surface that humans created Political Borders – borders decided by Governments (latitude & longitude) Examples? National and State Borders, City Limits, capitals WHAT ARE PHYSICAL MAPS? show types of landforms and bodies of water Physical Borders – countries Separated by a physical feature Ex. Rio Grande River, Ural Mountains WHAT ARE CHOROPLETHS? Thematic map that uses graded differences in shading or color or the placing of symbols inside defined areas on the map in order to indicate the average values of some property or quantity in those areas Many different kinds. Examples??? Climate Vegetation Natural Resources Population What kind of map is this???? Know it! What are Cartograms? A cartogram is a map in which some thematic mapping variable is substituted for land area or distance. The geometry or space of the map is distorted in order to convey the information of this alternate variable. World Population Cartogram Map Last thing: difference between GIS and GPS! (take notes) GIS Geographic Information System GPS Global Positioning System The Geospatial Revolution http://geospatialrevolution.p su.edu/episode1/complete The Geographer’s Grid & Latitude/Longitude important lines on “Geographer’s Grid” Equator Runs East and West divides Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres Prime Meridian Runs North and South Divides Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres One half of the Earth. What is a hemisphere? The Tropics Tropic of Cancer – 23.5° North of Equator Sun’s most northern location occurring on June 21st Tropic of Capricorn – 23.5° South of Equator Sun’s most southern location occurring on December 21st the Polar Circles Arctic Circle – 66.5° North of the Equator begins the North polar region Antarctic Circle – 66.5° South of the Equator begins South polar regions What is “Latitude and Longitude”? •It is a grid for finding your location on the Earth. Like “X and Y” from the grid in math class, like a football field, or like the game “Battleship” Latitude “Flatitude” Run East/ West parallel to Equator Measures North and South Furthest North = 90 degrees North latitude Furthest South = 90 degrees South latitude Important lines of Latitude: 1. Equator 2. Tropic of Cancer 3. Tropic of Capricorn 4. Arctic Circle 5. Antarctic Circle Longitude Run north/ south Measures East and West There are 180 degrees of East longitude and 180 degrees of West longitude Total = 360 degree circle All lines meet at North Pole and South Pole How do you use Latitude and Longitude to find your way? 1. 2. 3. Find the right hemispheres (N, S, E, W). Trace latitude and longitude till they meet. FOLLOW THE CURVE! LOCATION Absolute Location-the exact place on earth where a geographic feature is found Relative Location- describes a place in relation to other place around it Let’s Practice using Latitude and Longitude! But first, let’s watch Matt dance!