Transcript characteristics of life p 1

All living things share the same characteristics of
life whether they are small and simple…..
….or large
and complex.
Whether they look familiar to us…..
….or not.
Whether they inhabit the land…
….or the water.
EQ: How do you Characterize
living vs. nonliving?
Chapter 1 – Introduction to biology
• Biology – The study of life
– Can be studied from large to small
– Biosphere – consists of all parts of the Earth that
contains living things
• Land, oceans, atmosphere
– Ecosystem – community of living things in an
area along with all the non-living factors in that
environment
– Organisms – individual living things
What biologists do
•
Some of the branches of biology are biochemistry, ecology, cell biology, genetics,
evolutionary theory, microbiology, botany, zoology, and physiology.
– It would be impossible for one person to become an expert in all
aspects of biology, so scientists specialize.
• Study the diversity of life
–
There is a great amount of diversity when it comes to life on Earth. Some scientists are specialists on a
species.
• Research Diseases
–
Biologists ask questions and research. Examples: “What causes the disease?” “How does the body fight the
disease?” “How does the disease spread?”
• Develop technologies
–
Discover new medicines and medical treatments. Improve and save lives with bioengineering (example:
artificial limbs)
• Improve agriculture
–
Study the possibilities of genetically engineering plants to grow in poor soils, resist insects, fungal infections, or frost
damage. Other Biologists try to improve food production
• Preserve the environment
–
Environmental biologist seek to prevent the extinction of animals and plants by developing ways to protect them.
Study reproductive strategies and provide safe places for endangered species
amoeba
paramecium
euglena
cardiac cells
cheek cells
bacterium
leaf cells
onion cells
•
CELL THEORY states that:
i) Living things are made up of _____
one or ______
more cells.
unicellular multicellular
ii) All cells come from __________
pre-existing cells.
iii) The cell is the basic
unit of _____
life .
•
Cells can come in TWO CATEGORIES:
true nucleus and other
i) Cells that contain a ____________
membrane bound organelles are called __________.
eukaryotic
________________
ii) Cells that have DNA which is NOT
membrane
surrounded by a ____________
and which have no
membrane bound organelles
________________
prokaryotic
are called __________.
organ system
atom
molecule
macromolecule
organ
organelle
cell
tissues
organism
•
For a unicellular organism to grow and develop, it must
cytoplasm which involves
increase the volume of its __________,
cytosol (the liquid) and __________
organelles (the
gaining more _______
machinery of the cell).
•
For a multicellular organism to grow and develop, it
specialization .
division and _____________
must undergo cell _________
Cells specialize into different types of tissues.
cell growth
and division
• The main PURPOSE of reproduction is to produce
offspring which ensures ________
genetic continuity from
________
generation to generation.
• There are two MAIN TYPES of reproduction:
egg (otherwise
sperm and ____
a) The type involving ______
known as
gametes ) is
_______
sexual
called _______
reproduction.
b) The type NOT involving sperm and
asexual
egg is called _______
reproduction.
•
This genetic information
comes in the form of a
DNA which
molecule called _____
stands for
deoxyribonucleic acid
___________________.
•
Viruses also contain genetic
information in the form of
RNA (in
DNA or _____
retroviruses). However,
viruses do not exhibit some
of the other characteristics
of life, and are therefore
non-living .
classified as _________
DNA