Transcript Chapter 7

Chapter 7
Intro to Section 1
Journal
• Do you have any family members that
immigrated to the United States? When?
Where did they come from? Why did they
come to the United States? Where did they
live when they came here?
Journal
• Imagine that you are living in Europe at the
end of the 1800s. You and your family
want a change in your lifestyle. You have
decided to move to the U.S. Why would
you come here? What is happening in the
U.S. at that time that would prompt you to
come here?
Reading Section 1
• Immigrants traveled from Southern and
Eastern Europe, Asia, and the Caribbean
Islands and Central America.
• What were some of the countries they
traveled from? List 2 for each above.
• What were their reasons for coming to the
U.S.?
What are their differences?
• Native Born
• New Immigrants
Journal
• Imagine that there is a new student here, a
foreign exchange student from another
country. Create a list of of ways to help this
new student. How would your suggestions
help this newcomer solve some of their
problems?
The Problems of Urbanization
• Immigrants Settle in Cities
– Most moved to cities b/c cheaper &
most convenient.
– Could get jobs in nearby factories &
mills
– By 1910, immigrant families made
up more than half the total
population of 18 US cities
– Often clustered in ethnic
neighborhoods
– Americanization
movement=learning English, US
gov’t, and US history.
The Problems of Urbanization
• Migration from Country
to City
– Improvements in farming
• McCormick reaper, steel
plow made work faster,
but required less workers
• Farms merged
• Southern farmers who lost
their jobs were AfricanAmericans
– Many kept moving into
city b/c of racial violence,
economic hardship,
political oppression
The Problems of Urbanization
• Urban Cultural Opportunities
– In comparison to slow rural life,
city life was exciting
– In NYC=could see moving
pictures
– Chicago=Columbian
Exposition, Buffalo Bill’s Wild
West Show
– Boston=watch the Boston
Nationals
– These attractions allowed
people to forget the hardships of
city life
The Problems of Urbanization
• Housing
• Sanitation
• Transportation
• Fire
• Water
• Crime
Discussion
• If you could start an organization to help
some group less fortunate than you, what
kind of organization would it be?
• How would you go about setting up an
organization?
Reformers Mobilize
• The Social Gospel Movement
– Preached salvation thru service to
the poor
– Preachers inspired followers to
build churches in poor
communities
– Persuaded some business leaders
to treat workers more fairly
Journal 12/10/07
• Have you ever given someone a gift with
the intention of getting something in return?
• Do you think that politicians practice this
kind of behavior?
The Emergence of the
Political Machine

Political Machines Run the Cities
 The Political Machine
• In major cities, political machines provide
services to voters in exchange for political or
financial support
• Political bosses control thousands of municipal
jobs & regulate business licenses & inspections
• Many of the bosses are immigrants who have
worked their way up through the political system
The Emergence of the Political
Machine

Municipal Graft and Scandal
To maintain their power & to make money,
some political machines turn to election
fraud, bribery, & graft
 The efforts of political cartoonist Thomas
Nast help bring down Boss Tweed and
Tammany Hall, New York City’s powerful
Democratic machine

Analyze the Cartoon
Creating your own cartoon:
• Create a cartoon that reflects the urban political scene in the
late 1800s
• Purpose: To understand the way political cartoonists can
have an impact on politics thru pictures rather than words
• Show:
– How the pyramid design of a political machine operates, OR
– How a political machine uses graft, OR
– How political bosses provide services to immigrants in exchange
for votes, OR
– How a political machine affects taxpayers
• Cartoons should:
–
–
–
–
Make a clear point about political machines/bosses
Be focused on one idea
Include an appropriate caption
Be carefully drawn
Journal
• How would you go about finding a job?
Would you get help from a friend or a
friend’s parent? Do you think it’s fair to
use “connections”?
Politics in the Gilded Age
(7.4; pg 291-293)
• Civil Service Replaces Patronage
– Patronage results in incompetence & fraud in gov’t
• Example:
• Example:
– Hayes takes measures to reform civil services
• Example:
• Example:
– Garfield wins the 1880 election but is assassinated the
following year
– With Arthur’s civil service reform, Congress passes the
Pendleton Act in 1883
• Example:
• Example:
Politics in the Gilded Age
• Efforts to Regulate Tariffs Fail
– Cleveland runs on a low-tariff platform & loses
the presidency to Harrison, who raises tariffs
– In his second term, Cleveland fails to lower
tariffs
Get out a sheet of
paper…
• Write ALL the presidents
you know-–Name, Years, Parties
Chinese Exclusion Act
• After watching the video, explain the
purpose of the Chinese Exclusion Act.
Planning Your Own City
• Now that you’ve read about cities, you are going
to create your own city.
• You may work with 1 person.
• Must include plans for: housing, transportation,
water, sanitation, fire, crime, education, &
government, as well as a business district.
• In color and well-organized.
• Come up with a name for your city.
How the Other Half Lives and
Twenty Years at Hull-House
• Riis
– Was life really that
bad for the poor?
How?
– Who would actually
care about the plight
of the poor? Why?
– Why does Riis decide
to write about the
poor?
• Addams
– Why have a house for
immigrants; it’s their
fault that they came here;
why help?
– In what ways would this
have helped immigrants
or hurt them?
– Why would a wealthy,
educated women do this?
Of what benefit is it to
her?
Agenda
• Journal:
– When you hear the title, “How the Other
Half Lives”, what do you think of? What do
you think the story would be about?
–Read Around of Riis’, How the Other Half
Lives and Addams’ Twenty Years at HullHouse
With your partner and one other group, you
will discuss the following:
Answer Key
Section 1
1. E
2. F
3. D
4. B
5. A
6. C
7. F
8. A
B. New immigrants came
from southern & eastern
Europe, China, Japan
etc. Old immigrants
came from western &
northern Europe.
Section 2
1. Cities
2. Dumbbell tenement
3. Row house
4. True
5. True
B. Cities were cheaper &
more convenient.
Farmer and AfricanAmericans were
attracted to city lifestyle.
More cultural
opportunities in cities.
Review of Homework
Share with a partner your accounts from the
Ellis Island homework. Be honest!
We will share some as a class.
When complete, write what you learned about
your ancestors or other immigrants by doing
this.
Chapter 7 Vocab
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Ellis Island
Angel Island
Culture shock
Melting pot
Chinese Exclusion Act
Gentlemen’s
Agreement
• Urbanization