Transcript ALL INDIA COORDINATED SMALL MILLETS IMPROVEMENT PROJECT

ALL INDIA COORDINATED SMALL MILLETS
IMPROVEMENT PROJECT
AICSMIP
Dr. M. V. C. Gowda
Project Coordinator
Project Coordinating Unit, AICSMIP,
Gandhi Krishi Vigyan Kendra
Bangalore - 560 065
Email: [email protected]
SMALL MILLETS
 Crops of antiquity-traditional cropping systems
 Ethnic foods & diversity in the food basket
 Suitable for dry lands & important in hill and tribal agriculture
 Food & Fodder security of disadvantaged regions
 Require less water, mature early and cultivated in scarcity conditions
 Highly Resilient in adapting to different ecological conditions
 Suitable for low input and organic cultivation
 Ideal crops for climate change and contingency plantings
 Unique nutritional properties –
 high fiber
 quality protein
 mineral composition
 Nutritional security of disadvantaged groups
Nutritional composition of Small Millets (per 100 g)
Protein
(g)
Carbohydr
ate (g)
Fat
(g)
Dietary
fibre (g)
Mineral
matter
(g)
Calcium
(mg)
Phosphorus
(mg)
Fe (mg)
Finger millet
7.3
72.0
1.3
18.8
2.7
344
283
3.9
Kodo millet
8.3
65.0
1.4
15.0
2.6
27
188
12.0
Proso millet
12.5
70.4
3.1
14.2
1.9
14
206
10.0
Foxtail millet
12.3
60.9
4.3
14.0
3.3
31
290
5.0
Little millet
7.7
67.0
4.7
12.2
1.5
17
220
6.0
Barnyard millet
6.2
65.5
2.2
13.7
4.4
11
280
15.0
Wheat
11.8
71.2
1.5
12.9
1.5
41
306
3.5
Rice
6.8
782
0.5
5.2
0.6
45
160
1.8
Food grain
Source: National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad
Millets : Nutri-cereals
Unique with respect to
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High dietary fiber
Phytochemicals with nutraceutical properties
Free radical scavengers
Minerals and micro-nutrients
Slow digesting carbohydrates
Hence provide several health benefits
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Low incidence of Diabetes mellitus
Rare incidence of duodenal ulcer
High satiability
Better mineral balance
Reduced Gl tract related disorders
Important Food and Industrial uses of Millets
Millets
Food products
Finger
Roti, dumpling,
millet
popped millet, maltfood.
Other
Roti, cooked cereals.
millets
Industrial products
Malting/brewing, baby
foods, bakery and
food for diabetics.
Value added food for
devotees
(Barnyard
millet), Feed, value
added food products
for diabetics.
Distribution of small millets in India
Area, Production and Productivity (2012-13)
1800
1574
1600
1396
1400
1200
1128
1000
754
800
578
600
436
400
200
0
Finger millet
Area ('000 ha)
Production ('000 t)
Other Small millets
Productivity ('Kg/ha)
Area, Production and Productivity of Other Small millets in
North Eastern States of India (2007-08 to 2011-12)
25.00
1200
21.93
Area ( '000 Hectares)
Production ( '000 Tonnes)
957
19.75
20.00
Productivity (Kg/Hectare)
818
922
1000
790
900
800
15.00
13.01
516
600
10.16
10.00
400
5.96
5.00
3.08
3.73
2.36
3.60
200
2.00
1.94
1.90
0.00
0
Arunachal
Pradesh
Assam
Meghalaya
Nagaland
States
Sikkim
West Bengal
ALL INDIA COORDINATED SMALL MILLETS
IMPROVEMENT PROJECT
 Established in 1986
 Head Quarters at UAS, Bangalore
 14 AICRP centres and 16 voluntary
centres located all over India.
 Target crops - Finger millet, Foxtail
millet, Barnyard millet, Proso millet,
Little millet and Kodo millet
 Focussed on developing
production
technologies
regional needs.
appropriate
to
meet
 Work is multidisciplinary and applied
in nature
Finger millet
Arunachal Pradesh
Finger millet
Season
 May - June is the optimum time of sowing in kharif,
 Also - rabi (Sept-Oct) and in summer (Feb-March).
Choice of varieties
Season
kharif
Rabi /
summer
Varieties
GPU 28
GPU 48
GPU 45
VL 149
VL 315
PR 202
Indaf 5
Indaf 7
Special features
High yielding and highly blast resistant
Early, blast resistant and suitable for late kharif and summer
Early maturing and blast resistant
Early maturing
Moderately resistant to finger and neck blast
Mid duration and suitable for kharif and also for summer
Long duration and high yielding
High yielding and suitable for rabi and irrigated conditions.
Finger millet & Foxtail millet
Diversity
Arunachal Pradesh
Processing of ragi ears
Package of Practice for Finger millet
Methods of Sowing
 Broad casting
 Dibbling of seed
 Drill sowing
Seed rate and planting
 Line sowing is beneficial for inter cultivation and control of weeds
 4-5 lakh plants ha-1
 Spacing of 22.5-30 cm between rows and maintaining 7.5-10 cm between
plants .
 A seed rate of 10 kg ha-1 is found to be optimum for drill sowing and 5 kg ha-1
for raising seedlings required ha-1.
Nutrient management
 Apply 5 – 7.5 t FYM /ha 3-4 weeks before sowing, if well decomposed manure
apply 1 - 2 weeks before sowing.
 50:40:25 kg NPK /ha - rainfed conditions
 100:50:50 kg NPK - irrigated conditions
 Apply 50 % nitrogen and full dose of phosphorus and potash
 Balance of 50 % nitrogen in 6-7 weeks after sowing under rainfed
 Treating seeds with Azospirillum brasilense (nitrogen fixing bacterium) and
Aspergillus awamouri or PSB @ 25 g kg-1 is beneficial.
Inter cultivation
Two to three inter cultivations followed by one hand weeding minimizes weeds
problem besides providing good infiltration of rain water and aeration to roots.
Cropping Systems
Inter cropping
 Inter cropping of finger millet + rice bean (4:1)
 Inter cropping of finger millet + soybean (90:10 crop mixture)
Crop Rotation
 Rotation with legumes rajmah / rice bean / soybean in Uttarakhand.
 Sequence cropping of finger millet + soybean (90:10 crop mixture) followed by
wheat / oats / barley in rabi are remunerative for low and mid hiils.
Weed control
Line sown crop - 2-3 inter cultivations and one hand weeding
Broadcasted crop - 2 effective hand weeding.
VL Mandua 149
Released by / Year
CVRC, 1991
Maturity
Special feature
105 to 110 days in mid hills
Highly resistant to neck and
finger blast
25-30 quintals
Average grain yield
VL Mandua 324
Released by / Year
SVRC, 2006
Maturity
Special feature
105 to 115 days
Resistant to neck and finger
blast
20-25 quintals
Average grain yield
VL Mandua 315
Released by / Year
SVRC, 2006
Maturity
Special feature
100 to 115 days
Moderately resistant to neck
and finger blast
20-25 quintals
Average grain yield
Foxtail millet
SIA 3085
Arunachal Pradesh
Package of Practice for Foxtail millet
Season
June is the optimum time of sowing.
Choice of verities
PRK 1, SiA 326, SiA 3085, Srilakshmi and PS 4
Spacing and seed rate
25-30 cm between rows and 8-10 cm between plants within a row
8-10 and 15 kg ha-1 for line sowing and broadcasting respectively
Manuring and fertilization
 5 tones of farm yard manure per hectare 2-3 weeks prior to
sowing.
 Application of 20:20:00 kg NPK /ha is optimum
 Apply entire quantity of phosphorus and half of nitrogen at
sowing and remaining half of nitrogen at 25 - 30 days after
sowing.
Weed control
 Two inter cultivations and one hand weeding in line sowing
 Two hand weedings in broadcasted crop are necessary
Impact of new Varieties in
Foxtail millet
 New short duration varietiey SiA 3085
 Instead of fallow and Chickpea, FoxtailChickpea has increased income
significantly in Karnool.
 In paddy fallows, short duration foxtail is
becoming popular in Karnool, AP. - in
view of limited water supply.
 Increased demand from cities like
Bangalore and Hyderabad area is
increasing in recent years.
 New Varieties have a yield potential of
20-25 q/ha.
 There is an increase in area under foxtail
millet because of the new opportunities
and new varieties
SIA 3085
Srilakshmi
 Alternate ID - SiA 2644
 Released at National level during
2002
 Maturity – 80-85 days
 Resistant to rust and downey mildew
 Yield potential of 23-25 q/ha.
Barnyard millet
Package of Practice for Barnyard millet
Season
April - May is the optimum time of sowing.
Choice of verities
VL 21, VL 29, VL 172, PRJ 1 and VL 207
Spacing and seed rate

25 cms between rows and 10 cm between plants within a row

Seed rate of 8-10 kg ha-1 for line sowing and 12-15 kg ha-1 for
broad casting
Manuring and fertilization

5 t FYM / ha 2-3 weeks before sowing.

20:20:0 NPK kg/ha is found to be optimum.
Weed control
Two inter cultivations and one hand weeding in line sowing and
two hand weedings in broadcasted crop are necessary.
Cropping system
Barnyard millet + rice bean in 4:1 row ratio is a remunerative
choice
Pant Rani Jhangora 1 (PRJ 1)
VARIETY IDENTIFIED AT
STATE LEVEL
 Short duration (73-105 days)
 Potential grain yield of 22-25
Q/ha
 Completely resistant to grain
smut and highly resistant to
brown leaf spot
 Good fodder yield
 Very popular in hilly areas
 Fit for cropping systems
VL Madira 172
Released by / Year
Maturity
Special feature
Average grain yield
CVRC, 2000
85 to 90 days
Tolerant to grain smut disease
20-23 quintals
VL Madira 207
Released by / Year
Maturity
Special feature
Average grain yield
CVRC, 2008
90 to 95 days
Tolerant to grain smut disease
16-19 quintals
Front Line Demonstrations (2009-10 to 2013-14)
Crop wise area and no. of farmers involved in
Proso millet
34.29 (54)
Barnyard millet
74.00 ha (727)
Total area: 1895.73 ha
Number of farmers: 5597
Little millet
337.33 (753)
Finger millet
787.42 (2910)
Kodo millet
286.40 (594)
Foxtail millet
376.29 (559)
Note: Data in parenthesis indicates number of farmers involved
Grain yield of small millets in front line demonstrations
during 2009-10 and 2013-14 ( 5 years)
Improved Practice
Farmers Practice
2500
2073
(66)
1739
(49)
Yield (Kg/ha)
2000
1500
1573
(58)
1310
(61)
1376
1164
1112
994
1000
1390
(20)
1477
(33)
1160
814
500
0
Finger millet
Foxtail millet
Kodo millet
Little millet
Barnyard millet Proso millet
Crops
Note: Data in paranthesis indicates % increase in yield over Farmers Practice
Poor spread of varieties
 Organized seed production and supply absent in most
states
 Spread of improved varieties is evident only in
southern states
 Varieties with high degree of specific adaptation
needed in remote areas
 State Departments should compulsorily undertake seed
production & distribution
 Strengthening local seed supply systems like seed
cooperatives on the lines of successfully run seed
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Availability of Certified and Foundation seed in
Finger millet
Sl.No. Crop/Variety
Quantity (Qtls.)
Source
Certified Seed
1
GPU 28
250
2
ML 365
150
3
MR 6
65
The Special Officer(Seeds),
National Seed Project, UAS,
GKVK, Bangalore-560065
Foundation Seed
1
ML 365
8
2
KMR 301
12
3
Indaf 7*
50
The Special Officer(Seeds),
National Seed Project, UAS,
GKVK, Bangalore-560065
Availability of Truthfully labelled seed in Finger millet
Sl.No. Crop/Variety
Quantity (Qtls.)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
GPU 48
GPU 67
ML 365
MR 1
MR 6
KMR 204
KMR 301
Indaf 7*
Indaf 9*
HR 911
PPR 2700 (Vakula)
23
5
90
200
290
10
20
100
7.6
15
1
13
14
15
16
VR 847
Hima
VR 708
Bharathi
5
1
10
10
17
Indira Ragi
25
18
19
20
21
VL 149
VL 315
VL 324
VL 347
10
10
10
5
Source
The Special Officer(Seeds), National Seed
Project, UAS, GKVK, Bangalore-560065
Scientist (Breeding) & Head, ANGRAU, ARS,
Peddapuram-533 437 (AP)
Sr. Scientist (Plant Pathology), AICRP on
Small Millets, ARS, Gajularega, Vizianagaram531 001 (AP)
Sr. Scientist (Pl. Breeding), RARS,
Chintapalle-531 111
The Breeder, AICRP on Small millets, ZARS,
Kumharwand Farm, Jagdalpur-494 005
Sr. Scientist (Breeding), Crop Improvement
Division, VPKAS, Almora-263 601,
Uttarakhand
Availability of Truthfully labelled seed in Barnyard
and Foxtail millet
Barnyard millet
Sl.No. Crop/Variety
Barnyard millet
1
VL 207
2
VL 172
3
PRJ 1
Foxtail millet
1
Srilaxmi
2
Prasad
3
Krishnadevaraya
Quantity (Qtls.) Source
5
5
2
41
2.23
1.48
4
Narasimharaya
1.9
5
6
SiA 3085
3
Suryanandi
22
7
SiA 3156
5
Sr. Scientist (Breeding), Crop Improvement
Division, VPKAS, Almora-263 601,
Uttarakhand
Principal Scientist (Agronomy),
AICRP on Small Millets, RARS,
Nandyal-518 503 (AP)
Value Addition
• Many products are popular
– Malt based foods – Beverage, weaning food
– Popping based products
– Traditional products – dosa mix, vermicelli etc
• New initiatives
– RTE
– HEALTH FOODS
Summing Up
 Food security to be viewed from regional angle for
widening the food basket
 Small Millets provide wide options for rain fed farming
 Genetic potential for moderate to high productivity exists
 Management and enhancing demand is the key
 Nutritionally far superior grains
 Nutraceutical properties to be exploited
 All avenues to value addition to be explored
 Production to consumption systems at farm level need
better understanding
 Profitability of millets based cropping system is critical
 Millets are our “heritage crops”
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THANK YOU…….