Transcript Classical Operant Conditioning PP

LEARNING
Essential Question
•How does biology and
society impact
learning?
Terms, concepts, and theorist
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Learning
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Observational
Learning
• Latent Learning
• Abstract Learning
• Insight Learning
• Ivan Pavlov
• Unconditioned
Stimulus (UCS):
• Unconditioned
Response (UCR)
• Conditioned Stimulus
(CS)
• Conditioned
Response (CR):
How do we learn?
Most learning is associative learning
• Learning that certain events occur together.
Learning is a relatively permanent
change in an organism’s behavior due
to experience.
Learning is more flexible in
comparison to the geneticallyprogrammed behaviors of Chinooks,
for example.
Three Main Types of Learning
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Observational Learning
Latent Learning
Abstract Learning
Insight Learning
Classical Conditioning
Ideas of classical conditioning
originated with the Russian
physiologist Ivan Pavlov. His
work provided a basis for
later behaviorists like John
Watson.
Group
•At your table define
what classical
conditioning is.
Classical Conditioning,
Explained
• The most important thing to
remember is that classical
conditioning involves automatic
or reflexive physical responses,
and not voluntary behavior (that’s
operant conditioning)
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): a
stimulus that naturally and automatically
triggers a response.
Unconditioned Response
(UCR): the unlearned,
naturally occurring
response to the UCS.
Conditioned Stimulus (CS): an
originally irrelevant stimulus that, after
association with the UCS, comes to
trigger a response.
Conditioned
Response (CR): the
learned response to a
previously neutral
stimulus.
The Dog Whisperer
Identify the UCS, UC, CS,
CR Cesar use to
classically condition
dogs?
What are some examples
of Classical Conditioning
in your life?
Pavlov spent the rest of his life outlining
his ideas. He came up with 5 critical
terms that together make up classical
conditioning.
• Acquisition
• Generalization
• Extinction
• Spontaneous Recovery
• Discrimination
Acquisition
• The initial stage of learning.
• The phase where the neutral stimulus is
associated with the UCS so that the
neutral stimulus comes to elicit the CR
(thus becoming the CS).
Does timing matter?
•The CS should come before the UCS
•They should be very close together in timing.
Generalization
• The tendency, once a response has been
conditioned, for stimuli similar to the CS to
elicit similar responses.
• Watson’s experiment with “Little Albert”you could associate the same response to
a similar stimuli.
• In “little Albert’s” case his fear (UCR) of
rats based on loud noises (UCS) by
Watson.
Extinction
• The diminishing of a conditioned
response.
• Will eventually happen when the
UCS does not follow the CS.
Is extinction permanent?
Spontaneous Recovery
• The reappearance. After a rest period, of
an extinguished conditioned response.
• The previously “lost” or “forgotten”
response is recovered without doing
anything.
Discrimination
• The learned ability to
distinguish between a
CS and other stimuli
that does not signal
UCR.
Mind and body
Operant & Classical Conditioning
• Classical conditioning involves automatic or
reflexive physical responses Operant
conditioning, on the other hand is a voluntary
response
• Operant conditioning involves operant behavior,
a behavior that operates on the environment,
producing rewards or punishment.
• Consequences lead to changes in
voluntary behavior
Types of Reinforcement- Reinforcement: Any event
that strengthens the behavior it follows.
Punishment-An aversive event that
decreases the behavior it follows.
Marine Boot Camp and Classical and Operant
conditioning Footage
• What types of operant conditioning did you
witness through out the video?
• Remember Operant Conditioning is
divided into Reinforcements both positive
and negative to increase behavior
• and Punishments to decrease behavior.
Article questions
Psychology Today Article
• What are the consequences of over
praising children? What maybe some of
the unforeseen ramifications?
• Do you believe that paying students for
good grades is a positive or negative
reinforcement? How so and what are the
long term behavioral changes ?