CHAPTER 6: LEARNING
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Transcript CHAPTER 6: LEARNING
Chapter 6
LEARNING
Section 1: Classical Conditioning
Section 2: Operant Conditioning
Chapter 6
Classical Conditioning
When you see this word what comes to mind..
“SASQUATCH”
Jack’s Link Beef Jerky is associated with
Sasquatch
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Chapter 6
LEARNING
Section 1: Classical Conditioning
Question: What are the principles of classical conditioning?
PRINCIPLES OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
Simple form of learning in which one stimulus calls
forth the response that is usually called forth by
another stimulus
This occurs when the two stimuli have been
associated with each other
Chapter 6
The Office & Classical Conditioning
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Section 1: Classical Conditioning
Question: What are the principles of classical conditioning?
IMPORTANT TERMS
Terms that are important in understanding
classical conditioning:
Unconditioned stimulus (US) – a stimulus that
causes a response that is automatic, not learned
Unconditioned response (UR) – the response
that is automatic, not learned
Section 1: Classical Conditioning
Question: What are the principles of classical conditioning?
IMPORTANT TERMS (continued)
Conditioned Response (CR) – a learned
response to a stimulus that was previously
neutral or meaningless
Conditioned Stimulus (CS) – a previously
neutral stimulus that, because of pairing with
an unconditioned stimulus, now causes a
conditioned response
Chapter 6
Pavlov
UCS – What naturally causes the stimulation?
(FOOD)
UCR –What naturally responds to the
stimulation? (SALIVATION)
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Chapter 6
Pavlov
CS – What stimulus now causes a response?
This is now learned? (TUNING FORK)
CR – How does it respond to the new,
conditioned stimulus? (SALIVATION)
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Chapter 6
PAVLOV
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Chapter 6
CC in the Real World (Application)
Advertisements
Marlboro Man – association with rugged man
Bikini Model and a Beer – association with beer
and girl
Da Da Da Da Daaaa….I’m Lovin It!
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Chapter 6
Stores use Classical Conditioning
UCS (music - popular tune)
UCR (positive emotion)
CS (product) + UCS (popular tune) --> UCR
(positive emotion)
CS (product) --> CR (positive emotion)
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Chapter 6
Baby Albert
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Section 2: Operant Conditioning
Question: How are the principles of operant conditioning
applied?
APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF
OPERANT CONDITIONING
Offering of rewards – being positively
reinforced
Shaping – a way of teaching complex
behaviors in which one first reinforces small
steps in the right direction
Chapter 6
Edward Thorndike’s Law of Effect
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Section 2: Operant Conditioning
Question: How are the principles of operant conditioning
applied?
APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF
OPERANT CONDITIONING (continued)
Programmed Learning – assumes that any task
can be broken down into small steps that can
be shaped individually and combined to form
the more complicated whole
Classroom discipline – using principles of
learning to change classroom behavior
Chapter 6
Skinner - OC
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Chapter 6
OC
Positive Reinforcement – increase a behavior
(smile, money, “I appreciate you”)
Negative Reinforcement – removing an
aversive stimulus (removing the chimes by
putting on your seatbelt)
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Chapter 6
OC
Primary Reinforcement– meets a biological
need (air/food/water)
Secondary –reinforcers that are learned
(money, good grades)
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Chapter 6
Skinner
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Section 3: Cognitive Factors in Learning
Question: What are the cognitive factors in learning?
COGNITIVE FACTORS IN LEARNING
Latent learning – learning that remains hidden
until it is needed
Observational learning – acquiring knowledge
and skills by observing and imitating others
Chapter 6
Bo-Bo Doll Experiment
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Chapter 6
Cognitive Maps
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Chapter 6
Cognitive Maps
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Section 4: The PQ4R Method: Learning to Learn
Question: What are the steps of the PQ4R method of
learning?
STEPS OF THE PQ4R METHOD OF LEARNING
PREVIEW – getting a general picture of what is covered
before reading a chapter
QUESTION – something in particular that we want to
learn
READ – reading the material with the purpose of finding
answers
REFLECT – an important way to understand and
remember the material read