Exercise, Health & Lifestyle

Week 5

Learning Outcomes

• To be able to describe the lifestyle factor, smoking and explain the effects of smoking on health and well-being. • To explain the effect smoking has on Coronary Heart Disease and Cancer.

Unit outcomes

• •

By the end of the unit you will be able to:

Describe lifestyle factors that have an effect on health including: – – Physical activity - Recommendations and guidelines, health benefits, psychological benefits Alcohol consumption - Recommendations and guidelines, risks associated with excessive drinking – – – Smoking - Health risks Stress - Health risks of excessive stress levels Diet - Benefits of a healthy diet, effects of poor nutrition, recommendations and guidelines, balance of good health • •

By the end of the unit you may also be able to:

Explain the effects of identified lifestyle factors on health

Recap-CHD

• Coronary Heart Disease and Physical Activity • Informative Atherosclerosis explanation

Smoking- facts

• • • • 12million adults smoke in the UK (approx) 114,000 smokers die every year because of their habit 14,000 in the UK, that’s 300 every day!!

30 % of all cancers related to smoking 4000 chemicals in tobacco smoke – Nicotine – – – Tar Carbon monoxide SMOKING IS THE PRIORITY LIFESTYLE FACTOR TO BE ADDRESSED FIRST!!! BIGGEST PREVENTIBLE CAUSE OF HEALTH PROBLEMS.

Smoking- what happens

• Nicotine – addictive, stimulates the CNS and increase heart rate and blood pressure, can be extremely poisonous in large amounts • Tar – brown and treacly in appearance. Left in the lungs and respiratory system includes things like cyanide, arsenic and benzene • Carbon Monoxide – binds to haemoglobin and prevents the blood carrying oxygen around the body

Activity

Using the pictures, discuss in pairs what disease or smoking related illness is being shown.

Lipo-Proteins

o

The Health Risks of Smoking

o o o Emphysema – alveoli damage o Bronchitis – cough from mucus production

Smoking – lung damage

Activity

• • • Smoking leads to many different health problems, for example: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) including increased risk of stroke, heart attack and gangrene.

Cancer Explain in detail why these health risks can occur due to smoking. Also mention that there is a an increased risk of: • Bronchitis • Emphysema and give a brief explanation of how and why these are linked to smoking.

CHD and Smoking

• • •

How does CHD link to smoking?

The chemicals in tobacco smoke cause cellular changes. If these changes occur to the inner walls of the arteries, the damaged sites become ideal areas for LDL to deposit in the artery walls. If LDL continues to deposit on the inside of the artery walls, the arteries become narrower developing atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis increases the risk of a blockage. Therefore there is increased risk of a heart attack, stroke and gangrene. If there was a blockage to limbs, tissues die and gangrene occurs. Here there has been a blockage in the foot.

Cancer and Smoking

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How does smoking link to cancer?

Tobacco smoke contains more than 70 different cancer-causing substances. When you inhale smoke, these chemicals enter your lungs and spread around the rest of your body.

Scientists have shown that these chemicals can damage DNA and change important genes. This causes cancer by making your cells grow and multiply out of control.

Smoking and...

• Bronchitis: Inflammatory condition in the lungs that causes the respiratory passages to be swollen and irritated from the substances in tobacco smoke. This then increases the mucus production and damages the lungs.

• Emphysema: In emphysema, there is a slightly different problem developing in the lungs as the walls between the tiny grape-shaped air sacs or alveoli are damaged and break down. They then form into much larger airspaces and there is less surface for gas exchange, so oxygen intake is less and the person feels breathless.

Chronic is long term and has varying severity.

Acute is sudden and can be severe.