Transcript Mink Muscle Practice Test

Muscles of the Mink
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• 1- Digastric
– A pair of two headed muscles located under the
mandible flanking the mylohyoid on each side
• 2 – Mylohyoid (molar to hyoid)
– In order to see digastric and mylohyoid a thick
layer of connective tissue needed to be removed
• 3 – Sternomastoid (sternum to mastoid)
– Similar to the sternocleidomastoid of a human
• 4 – Sternohyoid (sternum to hyoid)
– Sternohyoid is deep to sternomastoid and can be
found along the sides of the trachea
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• 1 - Digastric
• 2 – Mylohyoid
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• 3 – Sternomastoid (superficial)
• 5 – Cleidomastoid (deep – clavicle to mastoid)
• 6 – Clavotrapezius (most cranial aspect of the
trapezius – near clavicle)
– The jugular vein lies at the intersection of the
sternomastoid and clavotrapezius
– When dissecting, cut along both sides of the
jugular and raise it up to find the junction of the
two muscles (sternomastoid and clavotrapezius)
– The cleidomastoid can then be located (deep) by
separating the sternomastoid and clavotrapezius
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• 3 – Sternomastoid (superficial)
• 6 – Clavotrapezius (most cranial aspect of the
trapezius – near clavicle)
• The two muscles intersect at the jugular vein
(blue)
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• The three sections of the trapezius: clavo,
acromio, and spino.
– Note: They are in the same order as the deltoid C, A, S.
• 6 – Clavotrapezius (most cranial aspect of the
trapezius – near clavicle)
• 7 – Acromiotrapezius (most medial aspect of
the trapezius – near the acromion process of
the scapula)
• 8 – Spinotrapezius (most caudal aspect of the
trapezius – along the spine)
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• The three sections of the deltoid: clavo,
acromio, and spino.
– Note: They are in the same order as the trapezius C, A, S.
• 9 – Clavodeltoid (most ventral aspect of the
deltoid – near clavicle)
• 10 – Acromiodeltoid (most medial aspect of
the deltoid – near the acromion process of the
scapula)
• 11 – Spinodeltoid (most dorsal aspect of the
deltoid – along the spine of the scapula)
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• This picture shows the relationship of three
muscles previously covered:
3 – Sternomastoid
6 – Clavotrapezius
9 - Clavodeltoid
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• This picture shows the relationship of three
muscles previously covered:
3 – Sternomastoid
6 – Clavotrapezius
9 - Clavodeltoid
• This photo differs from the previous in that I
placed the pin of a white flag at the junction
of the clavotrapezius and the clavodeltoid
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• The abdominal muscles
12- Rectus Abdominus (straight down the
abdomen)
13 – External Oblique (very large, thin, superficial
muscle that extends the entire length of the
abdomen)
14 – Internal Oblique (smaller, thin, deep muscle
found only in the lower abdomen)
15 – Transverse Abdominus (the deepest of the 4
abdominal muslces – also lies under the internal
oblique and rectus abdominus)
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• The abdominal muscles
12- Rectus Abdominus (straight down the
abdomen)
13 – External Oblique (very large, thin, superficial
muscle that extends the entire length of the
abdomen)
14 – Internal Oblique (smaller, thin, deep muscle
found only in the lower abdomen)
15 – Transverse Abdominus (the deepest of the 4
abdominal muslces – also lies under the internal
oblique and rectus abdominus).
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• 12- Rectus Abdominus
• 16 – Pectoralis Minor
• 17 – Pectoralis Major
• The major is larger and more superficial than
the minor in a human. This is not necessary
true in a quadriped. the minor is not
completely deep to the major, and in some
quadripeds such as the mink appears thicker
than the major.
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• 18 – Masseter: prime mover of closing the jaw
or chewing (mastication)
• 19 – Temporalis: synergist to the masseter in
closing the jaw
• The temporalis and masseter can appear quite
large (relatively) in mammals that rely on
chewing or jaw strength more than others.
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Dorsal View (head is to the right)
• 8 – Spinotrapezius – this muscle was
identified earlier; used here for reference
• 20 – Latissimus Dorsi –
– Lateral = side
– Dorsal = back
– Very large muscles that are used in pulling the
forelimbs posterior and dorsal
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Dorsal View (head is to the right)
• 8 – Spinotrapezius – this muscle was
identified earlier; used here for reference
• 20 – Latissimus Dorsi –
– Lateral = side
– Dorsal = back
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• 21 – Biceps Brachii – located on the anterior
medial aspect of the humerus
• 22 – Brachialis - located on the anterior lateral
aspect of the humerus
• 23 – Brachioradialis – originates from
humerus and extends along the radial side of
the forearm. This is a very thin and long
muscle on a mink
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• 23 – Brachioradialis
• 25 – Forearm Extensors – located on the
anterior aspect of the forelimb
• 26 – Forearm Flexors – located on the
posterior aspect of the forelimb
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• 27 – Pronator Teres
– Located on the medial aspect of the forelimb near
the elbow
– Used to pronate the forearm
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• 24 – Epitrochlearis
– Epi = upon
– Trochlea = the elbow
– This muscle runs along the posterior aspect of the
upper forelimb, superficial to triceps brachii long
head
• 25 – Forearm Extensors
• 28 – Triceps Brachii (lateral head)
– The lateral most head of the triceps
• 29 – Triceps Brachii (long head)
– This muscle is the largest of the three triceps
heads and extends down the posterior aspect of
the upper forelimb
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• 21 – Biceps Brachii
• 29 – Triceps Brachii (long head)
• 30 – Triceps Brachii (medial head)
– The smallest of the three triceps heads, easiest to
locate by viewing the medial aspect of the upper
forelimb
• Notice the humerus between the biceps
brachii and the triceps brachii medial head
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• 31 – Gastrocnemius
– Gastro = stomach (belly)
– Labeled due to the fact that it is a two bellied muscle
– Superficial muscle located on the posterior aspect of
the lower hindlimb
• 32 – Soleus: deep to gastrocnemius
– (extremely small and thin)
• 33 – Achilles Tendon (calcaneal tendon)
– Attaches soleus and gastrocnemius to calcaneus (heel
bone)
• 34 – Tibialis Anterior
– Located on the anterior aspect of the lower hindlimb
– In front of (anterior) to the tibia (largest bone of the
lower hindlimb).
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• 31 – Gastrocnemius
– Gastro = stomach (belly)
– Labeled due to the fact that it is a two bellied muscle
– Superficial muscle located on the posterior aspect of
the lower hindlimb
• 32 – Soleus: deep to gastrocnemius
– (extremely small and thin)
• 33 – Achilles Tendon (calcaneal tendon)
– Attaches soleus and gastrocnemius to calcaneus (heel
bone)
• 34 – Tibialis Anterior
– Located on the anterior aspect of the lower hindlimb
– In front of (anterior) to the tibia (largest bone of the
lower hindlimb).
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The Hamstrings
• 35 – Biceps Femoris (reflected to illustrate
semitendinosus and semimembranosus)
– Largest and most superficial of the three hamstrings
– Located on the posterior lateral aspect of the upper
hindlimb
• 36 – Semitendinosus
– The long and thin hamstring located deep to biceps
femoris
– Most posterior of all the hamstings
• 37 – Semimembranosus
– The thicker hamstring located deep to the biceps
femoris
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• 35 – Biceps Femoris
– Largest and most superficial of the three
hamstrings
– Located on the posterior lateral aspect of the
upper hindlimb
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• 35 – Biceps Femoris
• 38 – Caudofemoralis
– Caudal = tail
– These muscles originate from the femurs and insert into
the tail, providing side to side movement of the tail
• 39 – Gluteus Maximus
– Most superficial and posterior of the buttocks muscles
• 40 – Gluteus Medius
– Buttocks muscle deep and anterior to gluteus maximus
• 41 – Tensor Facia Late
– Extends from the coxal bone to the tibia via the iliotibial
tract
• 42 – Sartorius
– Thin, wide superficial muscle of the medial upper hindlimb
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• 38 – Caudofemoralis
– Caudal = tail
– These muscles originate from the femurs and insert
into the tail, providing side to side movement of the
tail
• 39 – Gluteus Maximus (Reflected)
– Most superficial and posterior of the buttocks muscles
• 40 – Gluteus Medius
– Buttocks muscle deep and anterior to gluteus
maximus
• 41 – Tensor Facia Late
– Extends from the coxal bone to the tibia via the
iliotibial tract
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• 42 – Sartorius
– Thin, wide superficial muscle of the medial upper
hindlimb (covers the medial quads)
• 43 – Gracilis
– Thin, wide superficial muscle of the medial upper
hindlimb (covers the adductors)
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• 36 – Semitendinosus
• 37 – Semimembranosus
• 46 – Adductor Femoris
– Largest and most posterior of the adductors
• 45 – Adductor Longus
– Most medial of the three labeled adductors
• 44 – Pectinius
– Smallest and most anterior of the adductors
• 42 – Sartorius (reflected)
• 43 – Gracilis (reflected)
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The Adductors
• 46 – Adductor Femoris
– Largest and most posterior of the adductors
• 45 – Adductor Longus
– Most medial of the three labeled adductors
• 44 – Pectinius
– Smallest and most anterior of the adductors
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The Quads
• 47 – Vastus Lateralis
– Vast = large
– Lateral = side
– Large quad muscle located on the lateral aspect of the
upper hindlimb
• 48 – Rectus Femoris
– Rectus = straight
– Most superficial medial quad
• 49 – Vastus Medialis
– Thin quad muscle located on the medial aspect of the
upper hindlimb
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The Quads
• 47 – Vastus Lateralis
– Vast = large
– Lateral = side
– Large quad muscle located on the lateral aspect of the
upper hindlimb
• 48 – Rectus Femoris
– Rectus = straight
– Most superficial quad located between vastus lateralis and
vastus medialis (located above vastus femoris)
• 50 – Vastus Intermedius
– Deep quad muscle located between vastus lateralis and
vastus medialis (located deep to rectus femoris)
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