Clarke AP Psychology Neuron Brain Quiz

1.

(10 points)

What neuronal process is shown in the diagram below? a. Identify the various other processes labeled in the diagram using the numbers on the diagram. b. Explain why this activity is maintained for the entire length of an axon. c. Why does the activity travel only in one direction down the axon? 2.

(12 points)

a. Draw or describe the events at the synapse that support the flow of information between neurons. Include the following terms in your description: Presynaptic Neuron Postsynaptic Neuron Calcium channel Vesicle Synapse Postsynaptic Receptor Reuptake receptor Synaptic Enzyme Receptor binding Exocytosis Action potential Neurotransmitter b.

What would be the consequence of the following on the levels of neurotransmitter in the synapse: 1.

Blocking reuptake receptors 2.

3.

Blocking synaptic enzymes Blocking postsynaptic receptors

3.

(20 points)

For each of the following nervous system functions, write the letter for the associated anatomical feature shown on the right: 1.

2.

3.

Heart and breathing rate Fear (or avoidance) – based emotion Sensory and motor processing for the face and head 4.

5.

Order of muscle activity for the motor plan Source of dopamine for motor processing 6.

7.

8.

Pattern generation reflexes Feeding, fighting, fleeing and fornication Affected by Huntington’s Disease 9.

Segmented dermatome of the body below the neck 10. Carries sensory information to the brain 11. Social coordination 12.

Affected by Parkinson’s Disease 13. Declarative memory formation 14. Pleasure (or approach) – based emotion 15. Spatial memory formation 16. Procedural memory formation 17. Hormonal regulation 18. Processing of reward or reinforcement 19. Timing of muscle activity for the motor plan 20. Carries motor information from the brain to the muscles A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

Spinal cord Brainstem Amygdala Hippocampus Hypothalamus F.

Basal Ganglia G. Nucleus Accumbens H.

I.

Substantia Nigra Cerebellum

4.

(15 points)

a.

b.

Describe the sequence of events that occur during the Ainsworth’s Strange Situation Test.

What are the possible attachment patterns that might be observed from the Strange Situation Test? For each pattern, describe at least one (1) behavior that would be a critical observation for classifying a child as having that pattern.

Approximately what percentage of children are observed within each attachment pattern? Describe four (4) life consequences that might be associated with the most common attachment pattern. Which attachment pattern is associated with the poorest life outcomes and why?

1.

What neuronal process is shown in the diagram below?

(10 points total

) a. Identify the various other processes labeled in the diagram using the numbers on the diagram. b. Explain why this activity is maintained for the entire length of an axon. c. Why does the activity travel only in one direction down the axon? a. Action potential (1) 1. Resting potential (1) 2. Firing threshold (1) (Na+ channels open) 3. Depolarization phase (Na+ enters) (1) 4. Peak potential (K+ channels open) (1) 5. Repolarization (Hyperpolarization) phase (K+ exits) (1) 6. Refractory period (Na+/K+ pump active) (1) 7 & 8. Resting potential 9. Depolarization (graded) (1) 10. Hyperpolarization (graded) (1) b. Activity is maintained down the entire length of the axon because the axon is insulated with myelin (1) c. The refractory period prevents the action potential from going back toward its origin because during the refractory period the membrane is unable to change its potential (1)

2.

a. Draw or describe the events at the synapse that support the flow of information between neurons. Include the following terms in your description

(12 points):

Presynaptic Neuron Postsynaptic Neuron Calcium channel Vesicle Synapse Postsynaptic Receptor Reuptake receptor Synaptic Enzyme Receptor binding Exocytosis Action potential Neurotransmitter b.

What would be the consequence of the following on the levels of neurotransmitter in the synapse: 1.

Blocking reuptake receptors 2.

Blocking synaptic enzymes 3.

Blocking postsynaptic receptors a. One point for each term used properly in diagram or description (up to 11 points) b1. Increase amount of neurotransmitter in synapse (1) b2. Increase amount of neurotransmitter in synapse (1) b3. Decrease activity in postsynaptic neuron (1)

3.

(20 points)

For each of the following nervous system functions, write the letter for the associated anatomical feature shown on the right: 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Heart and breathing rate Fear (or avoidance) – based emotion Sensory and motor processing for the face and head Order of muscle activity for the motor plan Source of dopamine for motor processing Pattern generation reflexes Feeding, fighting, fleeing and fornication Affected by Huntington’s Disease 9.

Segmented dermatome of the body below the neck 10. Carries sensory information to the brain 11. Social coordination 12.

Affected by Parkinson’s Disease 13. Declarative memory formation 14. Pleasure (or approach) – based emotion 15. Spatial memory formation 16. Procedural memory formation 17. Hormonal regulation 18. Processing of reward or reinforcement 19. Timing of muscle activity for the motor plan 20. Carries motor information from the brain to the muscles 1

B

2

C

3

B

4

F

5

H

6

A

7

E

8

F

9

A

10

A

11

I

12

H, F

13

D

14

G

15

D

16

F, I

17

E

18

G

19

I

20

A

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

Spinal cord Brainstem Amygdala Hippocampus Hypothalamus F.

Basal Ganglia G. Nucleus Accumbens H.

I.

Substantia Nigra Cerebellum

4.

(15 points)

Describe the sequence of events that occur during the Ainsworth’s Strange Situation Test.

a.

b.

What are the possible attachment patterns that might be observed from the Strange Situation Test? For each pattern, describe at least one (1) behavior that would be a critical observation for classifying a child as having that pattern.

Approximately what percentage of children are observed within each attachment pattern? Describe four (4) life consequences that might be associated with the most common attachment pattern. Which attachment pattern is associated with the poorest life outcomes and why?

Strange Situation (4 points) – Child/Attachment figure enter strange environment, Stranger enters, Attachment figure leaves, Stranger leaves, Attachment figure reenters a.

Secure (1) – Insecure avoidant (1) Insecure ambivalent (1) Disorganized (1) – – – exploration, acknowledge stranger, upset when alone, consolable on return (1) exploratory without social referencing, upset when alone, consolable but avoidance behavior on return (1) non-consolable on return (1) stereotypical behavior (self-harming), trance like state throughout (1) b.

75/10/10/5 (1) Achievement in school, work, career; Successful peer/romantic relationships; Less criminal behavior, longer life (4) Disorganized associated with poorest outcomes (1) – abuse likely in childhood (1)