Transcript Human Powered Reverse Osmosis Presentation draft

Global Water Crisis
 One billion people do not have
access to clean drinking water.
 3.6 million people die each year
from water-related diseases.
 98% of water-related deaths occur
in the developing world.
 A person can only live for a few days
without water.
Reverse Osmosis
 Two liquids of different concentrations separated by
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semi-permeable membrane
Less saturated naturally flows into more
saturated
Pressure is applied to reverse this
process and is known as reverse
osmosis or RO
Dirty water flows through
membrane thereby filtering it
dirty water  clean water
Reverse Osmosis
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
 Finest filtration method
 High pressure requirement
 Filters chemicals, bacteria,
 Slow production rate
viruses
 No chemicals needed
 Relatively simple process
 Uses lots of water to produce
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 Pretreatment needed
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Power Source
Non-Renewable:
Renewable:
 Electricity
 Geothermal
 Gas
 Wind
 Coal
 Solar
 Nuclear
 Human Power
Design…
 Bicycle driven reverse osmosis system
Components: Bicycle
 Simple, natural motion
 Ease of use
 Relatively low cost
Components: Jerry Can Tank
 Holds to be purified
 5 gallons
 Strong construction
 Long lasting
Components: Hand Air Pump
 Applies pressure to tank
 Simple
 Low cost
 Easy to fix/replace
Components: APEC RO-CTOP
 Purifies water
 Highly efficient
 Relatively low cost
 4 stages of filtration
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Sediment filter
Activated carbon filter
RO membrane
Activated carbon filter
Process
1.
Fill dirty (fresh) water into tank and seal it
 Water passes through pre-filters removing large sediment
2.
Pedal bike
 Gears turn, driving linkage system to slide pump back and forth
3.
4.
Pump pressurizes tank, thus forcing water through the system
Water travels through first two filters and splits into 2 routes
 Rinse water and water to be purified
5.
Water travels through RO membrane being purified
 Rinse water passes over membrane continually cleaning it
6.
Purified water passes through last filter and exits
 Rinse water exits device
Numerical Analysis
 Power requirement:
P = Q*p
(P: Power, Q: volumetric flow rate, p: pressure)
 p = 100 psi
 Q = 19 gal/hr
 P = 0.019 HP
Practical Feasibility
 Only 0.02 HP needed
 Person can provide 0.10 HP for 8 hrs
 10 min per gallon
 One person needs ½ gallon daily
 5 min per person per day
 Cost: $400
Other Considerations
 RO membrane last for 3-4 years
 Bicycle can be used for transport
 Rinse water used for cleaning, cooking, irrigation, etc.
 Small village could have clean water for only $400
Conclusion
 Viable
 Efficient
 Economical
 Effective