Transcript Fuel specification and classes BioNorm II
ISO 17225-pellets standards
New international standards for residential and industrial pellets
November 2013
Principal scientist Eija Alakangas, VTT Convenor of WG2 for CEN/TC 335 and ISO/TC 238
© Eija Alakangas, VTT
European and international framework for solid biofuel standardisation Legislation
WTO
European Commission Standardisation
No barriers to trade
ISO/TC 238 Solid biofuels
Vienna agreement* Mandate Standards
CEN/TC 335 Solid biofuels
Information to market actors of solid biofuels Results
Supporting EU-funded projects
2 * ISO standards will be published as EN ISO standards in Europe © Eija Alakangas, VTT
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European (EN) pellet standards published
EN 14961-1 General requirements
− Include all biomass raw materials − − Flexible classification, each property selected separatetely Include classification of raw material, which is needed for the product standards
Product standard EN 14961-2 Wood pellets for non-industrial use
− Properties are bound together to class A1, A2 and B − ENplus certification system is based on this standard with some exceptions
Product standard EN 14961-6 Non-woody pellet for non-industrial use
EN 14961-2 and 6 standards are targeted for non-industrial use in small-scale appliances, such as, households, small commercial and public sector buildings.
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Solid biofuels standardisation progress during 2000 - 2013 ISO
International standards
CEN/TS EN
(≈60 under preparation) European standards will be superseded by ISO standards other countries make their own national decisions weighed votes 3 years in force Prepared during 2000-2006
European standards
EN (36 published) National standards withdrawn 1 vote each country 2 years preparation time 3 years in force Prepared 2009-2015
Technical specifications
(27 published) National standards in force 2000 © Eija Alakangas, VTT 2004 2006 weighed votes 5 years in force Prepared 2007-2012 2008 2010 2012 2014
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International pellet standards (ISO) – 1
EN ISO 17225-1 General requirements (FDIS)
− Include all biomass raw materials and also aquatic biomass − Flexible classification, each property selected separatetely − Include classification of raw material, which is needed for product standards − Includes also special property classes for thermally treated biomass pellets (e.g. torrefied pellets)
EN ISO 17225-2 Graded pellets (FDIS)
− − Table 1 for non-industrial use Table 2 for industrial use © Eija Alakangas, VTT
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International pellet standards (ISO) – 2
Graded non-woody pellets – EN ISO 17225-6 (FDIS)
− − Table 1 for agrobiomass blends and mixtures (classes A and B) Table2 for straw, miscanthus and reed canary grass pellets
EN ISO 17225-1, 2 and 6 (FDIS stage)
− Values has been agreed − − − standards have been sent for final approval in May (voting) Standards will be published in beginning of year 2014 ISO 17225 will supersede EN 14961 standards and will be published as EN ISO standards in Europe
Graded thermally treated densified biomass (proposal stage)
− Proposal for work item (WI) has been discussed in March in ISO/TC 238 meeting and there is support to also prepare this standard − Voting for new WI will done soon and if accepted standard will be prepared within 2 years. − SECTOR project is supporting planning and also AEBIOM torrefaction group.
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Specification and classes (EN ISO 17225-1)
Classification is based on
origin and source
, major
traded forms
and
properties
Hierarchical classification system in table format: −
1 Woody biomass
− −
2 Herbaceous biomass 3 Fruit biomass
− −
4 Aquatic biomass 5 Biomass blends and mixtures
• blends = intentional (composition known) • mixtures = unintentional
Chemical treatment
defined as any treatment with chemicals other than air, heat or water (e.g. glued, painted, coated, lacqued or otherwise treated wood Chemically treated material shall not include halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals at levels higher than those in typical virgin material values or higher than typical values of the country of origin.
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Solid biofuel utilisation chain
Tables with property grades in EN ISO 17225-1 to 7
Origin/Source Biomass Fuel production Traded form (e.g. pellet) Solid biofuel Conversion Documentation of origin
(Table 1 in EN ISO 17225-1 Fuel Quality Assurance EN 15234 series (in Europe)
Bioenergy use Product declaration
EN 15234 series (in Europe) © Eija Alakangas, VTT
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Wood pellets for households and commercial applications* (EN ISO 17225-2, Table 1)
* Facility that utilise solid biofuel burning appliances or equipment that have similar fuel requirements as residential appliances.
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Specification of industrial wood pellets (EN ISO 17225-2 (1) Property Standard A1 A2
Origin and source EN ISO 17225-1 1.1.3 Stemwood 1.2.1 Chemically untreated wood* 1.1.1 Whole trees 1.1.3 Stem wood 1.1.4 Logging residues 1.2.1 Chemically untreated wood* * Negligible levels of glue, grease and other timber production additives used in sawmills during production of timber and timber product from virgin wood are acceptable if all chemical parameters of the pellets are clearly within the limits and concentrations are too small to be concerned with.
B
1.1 Forest plantation and other virgin wood 1.2 By-products and residues 1.3.1 Chemically untreated used wood Diameter and length (D and L, mm) ISO 17829 D06, 6 ± 1; 3,15 < L < 40 D08, 8 ± 1; 3,15 < L <40 (1 % longer, <45mm) D06, 6 ± 1; 3,15 < L < 40 D08, 8 ± 1; 3,15 < L <40 (1 % longer, <45mm) D06, 6 ± 1; 3,15 < L < 40 D08, 8 ± 1; 3,15 < L <40 (1 % longer, <45mm)
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© Eija Alakangas, VTT
Specification of residential wood pellets (ISO 17225-2) (2) Property
Moisture (M, w-%) Ash (A), % d Bulk density (BD, kg/m 3 )
Standard
ISO 18134 ISO 18122 ISO 17828
A1
M10 < 10 A0.7 < 0,7 BD600 > 600
A2
M10 < 10 A1.2 < 1,2 BD600 > 600
B
M10 < 10 A2.0 < 2,0 BD600 > 600 Fines (F, w-%) EN 15210-1 Durability (DU, w % Net calorific value, Q (as received, MJ/kg, kWh/kg) Cl (w-% dry) N (w-% dry) S (w-% dry) ISO 1783-1 ISO 18125 ISO 16994 ISO 16948 ISO 16994 F1.0 < 1.0
DU97.5 > 97.5 DU97.5 > 97.5
Q16.5 > 16,5 Q4.6 > 4.6
Cl0.02 < 0,02 N0.3 < 0,3 S0.04 < 0,04 F1.0 < 1.0
Q16.5 > 16,5 Q4.6 > 4.6
Cl0.02 < 0,02 N0.5 < 0,5 S0.05 < 0,05 F1.0 < 1.0
DU96.5 > 96.5
Q16.5 > 16,5 Q4.6 > 4.6
Cl0.03 < 0,03 N1.0 < 1,0 S0.05 < 0,05 © Eija Alakangas, VTT
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Specification of residential wood pellets (ISO 17225-2) (3) Property
As (mg/kg d) Cd (mg/kg d) Cr (mg/kg d) Cu (mg/kg d) Pb (mg/kg d) Hg (mg/kg d) Ni (mg/kg d) Zn (mg/kg d) Ash melting behaviour*
Standard
ISO 16968 ISO 16968 ISO 16968 ISO 16968 ISO 16968 ISO 16968 ISO 16968 ISO 16968 CEN/TS 153701
A1
< 1
A2
< 1 < 0.5
< 10 < 10 < 10 < 0.1
< 0.5
< 10 < 10 < 10 < 0.1
< 10 < 100 < 10 < 100 Informative, should be stated * all temperatures SST, DT, HT and FT in oxidating conditions at 550 o C.
Pre-ashing temperature other than 550 o C should be stated.
ENplus certification has 815 o C.
I3
< 1 < 0.5
< 10 < 10 < 10 < 0.1
< 10 < 100 © Eija Alakangas, VTT
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Wood pellets for industrial use (EN ISO 17225-2, Table 2)
© Eija Alakangas, VTT
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Specification of industrial wood pellets (ISO 17225-2 (1) Property Standard I1 I2
Origin and source ISO 17225-1 1.1.3 Stemwood 1.2.1 Chemically untreated wood* 1.1 Forest plantation and other virgin wood 1.2.1 Chemically untreated wood* * Negligible levels of glue, grease and other timber production additives used in sawmills during production of timber and timber product from virgin wood are acceptable if all chemical parameters of the pellets are clearly within the limits and concentrations are too small to be concerned with.
I3
1.1 Forest plantation and other virgin wood 1.2 By-products and residues 1.3.1 Chemically untreated used wood Diameter and length (D and L, mm) ISO 17829 D06, 6 ± 1; 3,15 < L < 40 D08, 8 ± 1; 3,15 < L <40 (1 % longer, <45mm) D06, 6 ± 1; 3,15 < L < 40 D08, 8 ± 1; 3,15 < L <40 (1 % longer, <45mm) D06, 6 ± 1; 3,15 < L < 40 D08, 8 ± 1; 3,15 < L <40 D10, 10 ± 1; 3,15 < L < 40 D12, 12 ± 1; 3,15 < L <40 (1 % longer, <45mm)
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© Eija Alakangas, VTT
Specification of industrial wood pellets (ISO 17225-2) (2) Property
Moisture (M, w-%) Ash (A), % d Bulk density (BD, kg/m 3 ) Fines (F, w-%) Durability (DU, w-% Net calorific value, Q (as received, MJ/kg) Cl (w-% dry) N (w-% dry) S (w-% dry)
Standard
ISO 18134 ISO 18122 A1.0 < 1,0 ISO 17828 BD600 > 600 Max. 750 EN 15210-1 F4.0 < 4.0
ISO 1783-1 97.5 ISO 18125 ISO 16994 ISO 16948 ISO 16994 I1 M10 < 10 Q16.5 > 16,5 Cl0.03 < 0,03 N0.3 < 0,3 S0.05 < 0,05 I2 M10 < 10 A1.5 < 1,5 BD600 > 600 Max. 750 F5.0 < 5.0 97.0 Q16.5 > 16,5 Cl0.05 < 0,05 N0.3 < 0,3 S0.05 < 0,05 I3 M10 < 10 A3.0 < 3,0 BD600 > 600 Max. 750 F6.0 < 6.0 96.5 < DU <99.0 Q16.5 > 16,5 Cl0.06 < 0,06 N0.6 < 0,6 S0.05 < 0,05 15 © Eija Alakangas, VTT Specification of industrial wood pellets (ISO 17225-2) (3) Property As (mg/kg d) Cd (mg/kg d) Cr (mg/kg d) Cu (mg/kg d) Pb (mg/kg d) Hg (mg/kg d) Zn (mg/kg d) P (%) Standard ISO 16968 ISO 16968 ISO 16968 ISO 16968 ISO 16968 ISO 16968 ISO 16968 ISO 17830 I1 < 2 < 1 < 15 < 20 < 20 < 0.1 < 200 >99% (<3.15 mm) >95% (<2.0 mm) >60% (<0.1 mm) I2 < 2 < 1 < 15 < 20 < 20 < 0.1 < 200 >99% (<3.15 mm) >90% (<2.0 mm) >50% (<0.1 mm) I3 < 2 < 1 < 15 < 20 < 20 < 0.1 < 200 >97% (<3.15 mm) >85% (<2.0 mm) >40% (<0.1 mm) Ash melting behaviour* CEN/TS 153701 Informative, should be stated * all temperatures SST, DT, HT and FT in oxidating conditions (550 o C). © Eija Alakangas, VTT 16 CEN and ISO Fuel specification standards: Training material of wood pellets and non-woody pellets SolidStandards project (www.solidstandards.eu) PellCert project: www.PellCert.eu © Eija Alakangas, VTT 17Additional information
Eija Alakangas, VTT, [email protected]
tel. +358 400 542 454
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