Transcript DHO_Chapter13 Combined with state ppt 2015

Chapter 13
Promotion of Safety
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
13:1 Using Body Mechanics
• Good body mechanics prevents strain
• Muscles work best when they are always
used correctly
• Correct use of muscles makes lifting, pulling,
and pushing easier
• Prevents unnecessary fatigue and strain and
saves energy
• Prevents injury to self and others
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Rules of Good Body Mechanics
• Maintain a broad base of support
• Bend from the hips and knees to get close
to an object
• Always use the strongest muscles to do
the job
• Use the weight of your body to help push
or pull an object
• Carry heavy objects close to the body
(continues)
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Rules of Good Body Mechanics
(continued)
• Avoid twisting your body as you work
• Avoid bending for long periods of time
• Get help if a patient or object is too heavy
to lift alone
• Use assistive equipment when needed
(e.g., mechanical lifts, transfer [gait]
belts, wheelchairs)
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Back Supports
• Required by many health care facilities
• To be worn when lifting or moving
• Effectiveness is controversial, reminds
wearer to use body mechanics
• Should be correct size in order to provide the
maximum benefit
• It should fit snugly when needed and can be
loosened at other times
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
13:2 Preventing Accidents and Injuries
• Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA)
– Division of the Department of Labor
– Establishes and enforces safety standards
in the workplace
Two main standards that affect health care:
• The Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals Standard
• The Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
(continues)
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Occupational Exposure to
Hazardous Chemicals
• The Standard requires employers to inform
employees of all chemicals and hazards in
workplace
• All manufacturers must provide Material
Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) with any
hazardous product they sell
• Specific information has to be provided on
the MSDS
• Training for employees
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
• Contains mandates to protect health care
providers from diseases caused by exposure
to body fluids
• Diseases that can be contracted by exposure
to body fluids include hepatitis B, hepatitis
C, and AIDS
© 2009 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Ergonomics
• Healthcare workers should have an
awareness of the environment to
prevent injuries.
• It is our responsibility to report unsafe
situations.
• Centers around people and the
immediate environment
• Health care worker must follow
safety regulations
• Remember, health care workers have a
legal responsibility to protect the
patient from harm and injury
Ergonomics
• Promotes personal safety in the
workplace by adapting the
environment and using
techniques to prevent injuries.
• Includes the correct placement
and use of furniture and
equipment.
• Training in muscle movements
• Encourages workers to avoid
repetitive motions.
Equipment
• DO NOT operate equipment until you are
instructed on its proper use.
• Read and follow
operating instructions.
• Report damaged or malfunctioning equipment
immediately.
Equipment
• Use lockout tags/devices following agency
procedures.
• DO NOT use frayed or damaged electrical
cords, or a plug with a broken prong.
Equipment
• DO NOT handle electrical
equipment with wet hands
or around water.
• Store all equipment in its
proper place.
Solutions Regulations
• Observe all safety rules
• Read MSDSs
• Never use solutions that are from
unlabeled bottles
• Read labels at least three times
• Do not mix solutions together unless
instructed to do so
Patient and Resident Safety
• DO NOT perform procedures unless instructed
to do so.
• Use only correct and approved methods,
never shortcuts.
Patient and Resident Safety
• Provide patient privacy:
1. Knock before entering the room.
2. Speak to the patient and identify yourself.
3. Ask for permission to go around a privacy
curtain.
4. Provide privacy before beginning a procedure.
Patient and Resident Safety
• Identify the patient.
1. Check the ID band.
2. Ask the patient to state his or her name.
3. Address the patient by his or her name at least
twice.
• Explain what you are going to do.
• Never perform a procedure if the patient
refuses. Ask why and report it to your
supervisor.
Patient and Resident Safety
• Be alert to the patient’s condition at all times,
and report any changes.
• Be alert to environmental safety hazards.
• Before leaving a patient, be sure:
1.
2.
3.
4.
The bed is at its lowest level, wheels locked.
The call bell is within reach.
Supplies are within easy reach.
To leave the area neat and clean.
Personal Safety
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Protect yourself and others from injury.
Use correct body mechanics.
Wear the required uniform.
Walk – DO NOT run!
Personal Safety
• Immediately report personal
injury to your supervisor.
• Report unsafe situations to
your supervisor.
• Keep areas clean and neat
with everything in the
proper place.
• Wash hands frequently.
Personal Safety
• Keep hands away from face, eyes and mouth.
• Dry hands before touching equipment.
• Use safety glasses when needed.
Personal Safety
• Avoid horseplay and practical jokes.
• If solutions get in your eyes,
flush with water and inform
your supervisor.
• If a particle gets in your eye – inform your
supervisor and DON’T rub it or try to remove
the particle.
Fire Safety
• Fires are one of the dangers
most feared by health care
providers.
• A fire or threat of fire can
be extremely frightening to
patients who may be unable
to leave a facility on their
own.
FIRE SAFETY
– Three things are needed for a
fire:
• Heat: sparks, matches, flames
• Fuel: Any material that will burn
• Oxygen: found in the air
– Safety measures are needed
where oxygen is used and
stored.
Classes of Fire Extinguishers
• Classified and labeled according to kind of
fire they extinguish
• Main classes: A, B, C, and D
• Class A: for combustibles such as paper,
cloth, plastic, or wood
• Class B: for flammable or combustible
liquids which include gasoline, paint,
grease, or cooking fat
(continues)
Classes of Fire Extinguishers
(continued)
• Class C: for electrical fires such as fuse
boxes, appliances, wiring, and electrical
outlets (the C stands for non-conductive)
contains HALON
• Class D: for burning or specific
combustible metals
Types of Fire
Extinguisher
How to Use a Fire
Extinguisher
• Remember the key word PASS:
– P = Pull the pin.
– A = Aim at the base of the fire.
– S = Squeeze handle.
– S = Sweep nozzle from side to side to
displace oxygen away from the fire.
• Stand about 6-10 feet away from the fire.
Preventing fires
– The entire health team must prevent fires.
What to do during a fire
– You need to know:
• Your agency’s procedures for fire emergencies
• Where to find fire alarms, fire extinguishers, and
emergency exits
– Fire drills are held to practice emergency
procedures.
– Remember the word RACE
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R is for rescue anyone in immediate danger.
A is for activate the alarm.
C is for confine the fire.
E is for extinguish the fire.
Remain calm; do not panic
Clear equipment from exits.
Do not use elevators.
Use a fire extinguisher*
Emergency Fire Rules
• Evacuate ambulatory patients first, then the
wheel-chair bound, then the bed-bound.
• If possible, never leave a patient alone in a fire
emergency.
• Never use an elevator in a fire situation.
• Never open windows.
• Never open a door that feels hot.
• Follow your facility’s procedures when a fire is
discovered.
• Clutter and equipment that block doorways,
traffic areas, or fire exits are fire hazards!!!
Keep these areas clear.
Putting Out Fires
• If your clothes are burning, immediately drop to the
ground and roll back and forth quickly.
– Stop, drop, and roll.
• Do not use water for grease or electrical fires. Use an ABC
or C only fire extinguisher or throw baking soda over the
flames.
• Shut off the main power supply for electrical fires.
• If the fire is small, you can try to put it out. However, if
the flames begin spreading, evacuate immediately and
call 911.
Rules for Oxygen Use
• Post a “No Smoking – Oxygen in Use” sign.
Remove all smoking materials, candles,
lighters, and matches from the room.
• Avoid the use of electrically operated
equipment whenever possible.
• Do not use flammable liquids such as alcohol,
nail polish, and oils.
• Avoid static electricity by using cotton blankets,
sheets, and gowns.
Warning signs of a faulty electrical items:
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Loss of power or a power outage
Dimming or flickering lights
Sparks, shocks
Sizzling or buzzing sounds
Burning odor
Loose plugs
Plug has missing ground prong
Rules for fire safety:
– Obey “no smoking” signs
– Extinguish matches, cigarettes, and any
flammable items completely
– Store/Dispose of all waste materials in proper
containers
– Clean flammable, liquids spills immediately
– Don’t allow clutter to accumulate
– Use special precautions when using oxygen
Disaster Planning
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Stay calm
Know and follow agency disaster procedures
Provide safety for yourself and your patients
Call 911 with location and number of victims
Move victims in immediate danger
Bioterrorism
– Use of microorganisms as weapons to infect humans
– Most common threats are from smallpox and anthrax
– Healthcare workers must be alert to the threat of bioterrorism
Summary
• Health care workers are legally
responsible for familiarizing themselves
with disaster policies
• Preventing fires is everyone’s concern
• Be alert to causes of fires and take measures
to prevent them
• Know policies to follow in case of fire