Transcript Nullification crisis and states rights L2

Unit 4: A Nation Divided
Lesson 2: Tensions over Slavery
and popular sovereignty
EOCT Review Questions
1. What two cash crops were grown in the South in the
early 1800s?
2. What state was admitted as a free state in the Missouri
Compromise?
3. What was the line of latitude that was the “Missouri
Compromise Line”.
4. What is the phrase that means that citizens of a state
could vote if they wanted their state to be free or
slave?
5. What was Nat Turner’s occupation?
Tensions over slavery and
states’ rights
• The tension over slavery that strengthened during
the early 1800s became an extension of the long
lasting states’ rights issue
• Rather than state leaders arguing over whether the
institution of slavery was right or wrong, they
began to argue over who had the power (the states
or the National Government) to decide whether or
not to allow slavery in a territory/state
The States’ Rights argument
• The states’ rights dates back to creation of the
Constitution- for as long as the United States
existed the issue of the scope of power of the
National Government was a biggie (and it still is
today)
• Whose right is it to tell states what they can or
can’t do? Can states decide for themselves? Or
should there be unity within the country?
Northern and Southern economies
• The North:
– Fishing, shipbuilding
industry and naval supplies
– Skilled craftsmen,
shopkeepers,
manufacturing (textiles,
tools, metals, building
materials, etc.)
– Benefits from cheaper
American manufactured
goods (more people will
buy American products
• The South:
– Large
farms/plantations, cash
crops
– (tobacco, indigo, rice,
cotton), wood products,
small farms
– Dependent on slavery
The Nullification Crisis
• During the early 1800s, there was a rise of manufacturing
in the North. In order to promote buyers to purchase
American goods, the national government began imposing
tariffs
• Tariff = tax on imports
• Imports = foreign goods
• So, tariffs = more expensive foreign goods, which means
Tariffs = less expensive domestic goods
Tariffs sound good, right?
• Tariffs were good for the north, as manufacturing was
more concentrated there
• But, tariffs weren’t as helpful for the southern
economy, which requires trading raw materials with
foreign countries
• Tariffs = less Americans buying foreign goods, so
• Tariffs = less foreign trade = less foreign countries
buying cotton produced in the south
In 1828
• Congress passed a high tariffs to protect
manufactured goods
• Who are the supporters and opponents of this
tariffs?
Read the South Carolina Protest
• Read the excerpts from the primary source,
“South Carolina Exposition and protest”
• Discussion: why was South Carolina so upset
about the Tariff of 1828 (aka the “Tariff of
Abominations?)? What was the “bigger” issue?
Nullification
• South Carolina (led by the current Vice President of
the time, John C. Calhoun) disliked the “oppressive”
new tariff
• They declared to nullify the federal law, meaning
they would not enforce the tariff in South Carolina
• If the National Government forced them to comply,
they threatened secession (separation from the
Union)
Force Bill and Compromise
• The current President, Andrew Jackson,
requested that Congress authorize him to use
military force in order to force SC to comply
with the tariff
• At the same time, a compromise tariff was
passed in Congress that reduced tariffs within 10
years
• So, no nullification, and no secession…
The Big Picture
• How does this issue between SC and the
National Government reflect the states’ rights
issue?
• How was this issue related to slavery?
• Read the opposing arguments of John Calhoun
and William Lloyd Garrison to find out.
Exit Ticket!
• How does the nullification crisis show growing
division between the northern and southern
states?
• How does the nullification crisis relate to the
growing issue of slavery and sectionalism in the
United States in the Early 1800s?