Transcript Lecture 1.ppt

Lecture 1
Professor Dr. Sajjad Mohsin

Ph.D.
 Division of Production, Information and Systems
Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology
(MIT), Hokkaido. JAPAN

M.E.
 Dept.
of Computer Science
Engineering, MIT. JAPAN
and
Systems
 M.Sc. Computer Science
 Department of Computer Science, Quaid-i-Azam
University Islamabad, Pakistan
1A-2
Experience



Professor & Dean FIST, COMSATS Institute
of Information Technology Islamabad
Pakistan, April 2011 to date
Dean FIST & Chairman CS (Associate
Professor)COMSATS
Institute
of
Information
Technology
Islamabad
Pakistan, Nov 2010 to August 2011
Chairman & Head (Associate Professor)
Department
of
Computer
Science,
COMSATS
Institute
of
Information
Technology Islamabad Pakistan, July 2009
to Nov 2010.
1A-3
Experience



Head (Associate Professor), Department of
Computer Science, COMSATS Institute of
Information
Technology
Islamabad
Pakistan, January 2008 to July 2009
Associate Professor, COMSATS Institute of
Information
Technology
Abbottabad
Campus, Pakistan, April 2005-January 2008
Research Assistant with Prof. Yukinori
Suzuki, MIT Japan, 2004 to 2005
 Research Project: A study on Telecommunication
Network Modeling.
1A-4
Experience

Research Assistant with Prof. Yukinori Suzuki, MIT
Japan. Research, 2003-2004
 Project: A study on Congestion Control of
Telecommunication Network.

Teaching Assistant with Dr. Yasushi Honda, MIT Japan.
Oct 2002, to Feb 2003
 Subject: Information Engineering Basic Practice B.



Researcher with Prof. Yukinori Suzuki at the MIT Japan,
Oct 1998 to March 2000.
Systems Analyst, Central Telecom Research
Laboratories (CTRL),PakistanTelecommunication
Corporation Ltd. (PTCL), Islamabad. Pakistan, July
1992 – Sep. 2003
Systems Analyst, National Institute of Electronics
(NIE), Islamabad. Pakistan, Jun. 1987 – Jul. 1992
1A-5
Grants

2007 – Present
 Higher
Education
Commission,
Pakistan
approved & funded research project "High
Performance Image Processing using
Genetic Algorithms on Auto-Load Balancing
Symmetric Multi-Processing Platform" worth
more than (Pakistan Rs.) 0.6 million

2011 – 2013
 National ICT R&D Fund approved and funded
the research project titled “3D Graphical
Imagery Therapy for Healing Brain Tumors in
Children” worth more than 11 million
PKR.
1A-6
HONORS





Member Editorial Board of the “IEEE
Transaction of The Fuzzy Systems”
Journal
Member Editorial Board of the World
Information Technology Journal
Member
Editorial
Board
of
the
Information Technology Journal
Approved PhD Supervisor of Higher
Education Commission for Pakistan
Member Australian Computer Society
1A-7
Honors
Awarded Japanese Government, Ministry
of Education Scholarship for Ph.D. April
2002- March 2005
 Awarded Japanese Government, Ministry
of Education Scholarship for M.E. April
2000 –March 2002
 Awarded Japanese Government, Ministry
of Education Scholarship as Research
Student. Oct 1998- March 2000.
 Awarded Merit Scholarship by the Quaid-iAzam University Islamabad for M.Sc. Jan.
1985 – Dec. 1986

1A-8
Computing for Management
This course has been designed to help
Management Science students to get
familiar with the modern computing
technologies.
 Students will get familiarity with the
computers
and
computing
facilities
including the techniques to use different
office management software systems,
underline functioning and working of
hardware. Computer organization, different
operating systems and multiple application
software will also be discussed.

1A-9
Computing for Management
Internet and Information communication
technologies have widely affected global
businesses.
 With the knowledge of solving business
issues and activities using computing
technologies, attendees will understand
the usability and applications of it in a
much better way. Knowledge of this
domain would be utilized in the rest of
the courses throughout the program.

1A-10
Course Theme














Introducing Computer Systems
Interacting With Your Computer
Seeing, Hearing, and Printing Data
Processing Data
Storing Data
Using Operating Systems
Working with Application Software
Networks
Presenting the Internet
Applying Internet Technologies
Database Management
Development of Information Systems
Software Programming and Development
Information Assurance: Security, Privacy, and Ethics
1A-11
Books

Text Book
 P. Norton, Peter Norton’s introduction to computers.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 6/e.

Reference Books
 R. K. Rainer
and C. G. Cegielski, Introduction to
information systems: enabling and transforming business.
Wiley, 2009.
 B. K. Williams, S. C. Sawyer, and S. E. Hutchinson, Using
Information Technology: A Practical Introduction to
Computers &Telecommunications. Irwin McGraw-Hill,
United States of America, 1999.
 B. K. Williams, S. C. Sawyer, and S. E. Hutchinson, Using
Information Technology: A Practical Introduction to
Computers &Telecommunications. Irwin McGraw-Hill,
United States of America, 1999.
1A-12
Books

Reference Books
 A. Leon and M. Leon, Fundamentals of
information technology. Leon Techworld,
1999.
 D. H. Sanders, Computers today. McGrawHill, Inc., 1996.
1A-13
Books – Useful url’s

You can download the books from
 http://www.2shared.com/document/V36S
mc1I/Introduction_To_Computers_By_P.h
tm
 http://www.4shared.com/office/nvKZyzQg
/introduction_to_information_sy.html.

Other useful sources
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_comp
uting_hardware
 http://www.thocp.net/
1A-14
Marking

Marking scheme is
 25% Assignment/Quiz
 25% Sessionals
 50% Marks Terminal Examinations
1A-15
What is a Computer?
It is an electronic device
 Converts data into information
 Modern computers are digital

 Two digits combine to make data, 0 and 1

Older computers were analog
 A range of values made data
1A-16
Example of old analog computer
1A-17
Modern Digital Computer
1A-18
Where did Computers Come from?
• Pre-mechanical age (3000 BC - 1450 AD)
main contribution: writing and numbering system
(e.g. cuneiform, alphabet, writing tools - clay, stylus, papyrus)
• Mechanical age (1450 - 1840)
main contribution: mechanical machines
(e.g.printing press, slide rule, Pascaline)
• Electromechanical age (1840 - 1940)
main contribution: electric-powered machines
(e.g. voltaic battery, telegraph, telephone, radio)
• Electronic age (1940 - 1946 )
main contribution: electromechanical and digital
machines.
(e.g. punched card, programmable machines, digital computers )
Abacus
3000 BCE, early
form of beads on
wires, used in
China
 Abacus, a Latin
word derived its
name from a Greek
word abakos, a
Greek genitive form
of abax which
means a
calculating-table.

The Abacus (c. 3000 BCE)
Charles Babbage (1791-1871)
Importance of the Difference Engine

First attempt to devise a computing machine that
was automatic in action and well adapted, by its
printing mechanism, to a mathematical task of
considerable importance.
Analytical Engine – A Design
Electronic Numerical Integrator
and Computer
1st large scale electronic digital computer
 designed and constructed at the Moore
School of Electrical Engineering of the
University of Pennsylvania

ENIAC at Moore School,
University of Pennsylvania
IBM 360
The IBM System/360 (S/360) was a
mainframe computer system family
announced by IBM on April 7, 1964, and
delivered between 1965 and 1978
 It was the first family of computers
designed to cover the complete range of
applications, from small to large, both
commercial and scientific.

1A-28
1A-29
John Von Neumann
A great mathematician
 Von Neumann was a founding figure in computer
science
 Identified to program machines, June 1945

Intel

Noyce, Moore, and Andrew Grove leave Fairchild
and found Intel in 1968
 focus on random access memory (RAM) chips

Ted Hoff designs the Intel 4004, the first
microprocessor in 1969
 based on Digital’s PDP-8
Intel processors
CPU
Year
 4004
1971
 8008
1972
 8080
1974
 8088
1980
 80286 1982
 80386 1985
 80486 1989
 Pentium1993

Data Memory
4
1K
8
16K
8
64K
8
1M
16 1M
32 4G
32 4G
64 4G
Today’s Desktop Computers
1A-33
Workstation Computer
1A-34
Computers For Individual Use

Notebook computers
 Small portable computers
 Weighs between 3 and 8 pounds
 About 8 ½ by 11 inches
 Typically as powerful as a desktop
 Can include a docking station
1A-35
Computers For Individual Use

Tablet computers
 Newest
development in
portable computers
 Input is through
a pen
 Run specialized
versions of office
products
1A-36
Computers For Individual Use

Handheld computers
 Very small computers
 Personal Digital Assistants (PDA)
 Note taking or contact management
 Data can synchronize with a desktop

Smart phones
 Hybrid of cell phone and PDA
 Web surfing, e-mail access
1A-37
Computers For Organizations

Network servers
 Centralized computer
 All other computers connect
 Provides access to network resources
 Multiple servers are called server farms
 Often simply a powerful desktop
1A-38
Network Servers
1A-39
Computers For Organizations

Mainframes
 Used in large
organizations
 Handle thousands
of users
 Users access
through a terminal
1A-40
Computers For Organizations

Minicomputers
 Called midrange computers
 Power between mainframe and desktop
 Handle hundreds of users
 Used in smaller organizations
 Users access through a terminal
1A-41
Computers For Organizations

Supercomputers
 The most powerful
computers made
 Handle large and
complex
calculations
 Process trillions of
operations per
second
 Found in research
organizations
1A-42
Computers In Society

More impact than any other invention
 Changed work and leisure activities
 Used by all demographic groups

Computers are important because:
 Provide information to users
 Information is critical to our society
 Managing information is difficult
1A-43
Computers In Society

Computers at home
 Many homes have multiple computers
 Internet is commonly available at homes
 Computers are used for
○ Business
○ Entertainment
○ Communication
○ Education
1A-44
Computers In Society

Computers in education
 Computer literacy required at all levels

Computers in small business
 Makes businesses more profitable
 Allows owners to manage

Computers in industry
 Computers are used to design products
 Assembly lines are automated
1A-45
Computers In Society

Computers in government
 Necessary to track data for population
○ Police officers
○ Tax calculation and collection
 Governments were the first computer users
1A-46
Computers In Society

Computers in health care
 Revolutionized health care
 New treatments possible
 Scheduling of patients has improved
 Delivery of medicine is safer
1A-47
The first computer bug
Rear Admiral Dr. Grace Murray
Hopper