Transcript C P A LESSON 6.pptx

COMPARATIVE PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
MPA503
Development
Administration
SUMMARY/RECAP
• ECOLOGICAL APPRTOACH
RIGGS MODELS
• AGRARIA – INDUSTRIA
• ITERMEDIATE – TRANSITA
• FUSED – PRISMATIC –
DIFFRACTED
• BAZAAR – CANTEEN MODEL
• REVISED PRISMATIC MODEL
DAHLs CONTRIBUTION
EMERGENCE
EMERGED IN 1950s AND 1960s UNDER
THE FOLLOWING SCENARIO:
• LESS ATTENTION TO GOALS
OFADMINISTRATION
• NEWLY INDEPENDENT COUNTRIES IN
ASIA,AFRICA AND SOUTH AMERICA
• U.N SPONSORED SCHEMES
• AMERICAN TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC
PLANS
• COMPARATIVE ADMINISTRATION
GROUP(1960)
• SEARCH FOR NEW MODELS
DEFINITIONS
DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION
INVOLVES MANAGING A
GOVERNMENT/ITS AGENCY SO THAT IT
ACQUIRES INCREASING CAPABILITY
TO ADAPT TO AND ACT UPON NEW
AND CONTINUING SOCIAL CHANGES
TO ATTAIN A SUSTAINED GROWTH IN
POLITICAL,ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL
FIELDS (HAN BEEN LEE)
DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION IS THE
ENGINEERING OF SOCIAL CHANGE
(M.LANDAU)
DEFINITIONS
• DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION IN
CONTEXTUAL AND OPERATIONAL
IMPLIES EFFICIENT ORGANIZATION AND
MANAGEMENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT
ACTIVITIES OF A NATION TO ACHIEVE
THE GOALS OF DEVELOPMENT
(K.R.HOPE)
• DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION IS THE
ADMINISTRATION OF DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMS INECONOMIC,SOCIAL AND
POLITICALSPHERES INCLUDING
PROGRAMS FOR IMPROVING
BUREAUCRACY TO ENSURE NATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT (JOSE ABUEVA)
DEFINITIONS
• DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION
FOCUSES ON ORGANIZING AND
ADMINISTERING PUBLIC AGENCIES IN A
WAY WHICH STIMULATES AND
FACILITATES DEFINED PROGRAMS OF
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROGRESS.IT
SEEKS TO MAKE CHANGE ATTRACTIVE
AND POSSIBLE
PURPOSE: SOCIO – ECONOMIC
PROGRESS
LOYALTIES: ACCOUNTABLE TO PEOPLE
ATTITUDES:
POSITIVE,INNOVATIVE,PERSUASIVE
GEORGE GANT
CHARACTERISTICS
•
•
•
•
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CHANGE OREINTATION
GOAL ORIENTATION
COMMITMENT
CLIENT OREINTATION
TEMPORAL DIMENSION
CITIZEN PARTICIPATIVE
ORIENTATION
CHARACTERISTICS
• INNOVATIVENESS: IMPROVING
ADMINISTRATIVE
STRUCTURES
• ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
• EFFECTIVE COORDINATION
• RESPONSIVENESS
APPROACHES
• 1950s & 1960s EMPHASISED WESTERN
MODEL AND GNP AS A MEASURE OF
PROGRESS
• ECONOMIC APPROACH HIGHLIGHTED
BY ADAM SMITH,KARL MARX,KEYNES
FOCUSSED ON ECONOMIC GROWTH
THROUGH INDUSTRIALISATION
• DIFFUSION APPROACH EXPLAINED
DEVELOPMENT THROUGH A PROCESS
WHERIN A THIRD WORLD COUNTRY
ADOPTS CAPITAL,TECHNOLOGY AND
SOCIAL STRUCTURE FROM WESTERN
COUNTRIES
APPROACHES
• PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH :EXPLAINS
DEVELOPMENT IN TERMS OF PRESENCE
OF SOME INDIVIDUAL PERSONALITY
TRAITS LIKE ACHIEVEMENT –
MOTIVATION,CHANGE
ORIENTATION,LESS AUTHORITARIAN
ETC
• DEPENDENCY THEORY : HIGHLIGHTS
THAT PERSISTENT POVERTY OF THIRD
WORLD COUNTRIES IS A REFLECTION
OF THEIR DEPENDENCY ON WESTERN
INDUSTRIALISED COUNTRIES DUE TO
COLONIALISM & NEO-COLONIALISM,
CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES
CONTEXT BASED(NOT UNIVERSAL
SINGLE THEORY )APPROACHES TO
DEVELOPMENT WHICH ARE
PLURALISTIC AND MORE INDIGENOUS
/LESS WESTERN HAVING THE
FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS:
1. GREATER EQUALITY IN DISTRIBUTION
OF DEVELOPMENT BENIFITS
2. POPULAR PARTICIPATION,KNOWLEDGE
SHARING AND EMPOWERMENT TO
FACILITATE SELF DEVELOPMENT BY
INDIVIDUALS,GROUPS AND
COMMUNITIES
CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES
3. SELF RELIANCE AND
INDEPENDENCE IN DEVELOPMENT
EMPHASISING THE POTENTIAL OF
LOCAL RESOURCES
4. LIMITING GROWTH OF
POPULATION
5. INTEGRATION OF APPROPRIATE
TECH NOLOGY WITH BIG MODERN
TECHNOLOGIES TO FACILITATE
DEVELOPMENT
TRENDS
• BLUEPRINT TO LEARNING PROCESS
BLUE PRINT APPROACH IS RIGID AND
CLOSE ENDED WHEREAS THE
LEARNING APPROACH IS FLEXIBLE
AND OPEN ENDED
THE BLUEPRINT APPROACH EMPHASISES
ADVANCED PLANNING FOR THE
PEOPLE,THE LEARNING APPROACH
EMPHASISES PLANNING WITH PEOPLE
AND DOING SO DURING THE PROCESS
OF ADMINISTERING A DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAM
TRENDS
FROM PRODUCTION CENTERED TO PEOPLE
CENTERED
THE PRODUCTION CENTERED APPROACH
INVOLVES PRODUCTION OF GOODS AND
SERVICES TO MAXIMISE RETURNS ON
INVESTMENT,IT CONCENTRATES ON
INDUSTRIAL GROWTH AND URBAN
DEVELOPMENT
THE PEOPLE CENTERED APPROACH EMPHASISES
THE NEEDS OF THE PEOPLE
,EMPOWERMENT OF THE PEOPLE,RESPONSIVE
ADMINISTRATION,SELF RELIANCE,HUMAN
GROWTH,SOCIO-ECONOMIC EQUALITY,WELLBEING AND SUSTAINABILITY
DEVELOPMENT VS TRADITIONAL
• CHANGE ORIENTED/STATUS QUO
• DYNAMIC & RIGID/HIERARCHICAL
& RIGID
• EFFECTVENESS &
GOALS/ECONOMY & EFFICIENCY
• COMPLEX OBJECTIVES/SIMPLE
OBJECTIVES
DEVELOPMENT VS TRADITIONAL
• NEW TASKS/ROUTINE OPERATIONS
• DECENTRALISATION/CENTRALISATI
ON
• DETAILED PLANNING/NOT MUCH
PLANNING
• CREATIVE & INNOVATIVE/RESISTS
CHANGE
• PARTICIPATIVE
STYLE/AUTHORITATIVE STYLE
DEVELOPMENT VS TRADITIONAL
• WIDE SCOPE/LIMITED SCOPE OF
OPERATIONS
• TEMPORAL DIMENSION/NO TIME
LIMIT
• OUTWARD LOOKING/INWARD
LOOKING
CRITICISM
• COMPLEMENTARY TO EACH OTHER
• DISTINCTION UNREALISTIC AND OVER
SIMPLISTIC
• IMPRESSION THAT DEVELOPMENT
ADMINISTRATION IS CONCERNED
SOLELY WITH THE ADMINISTRATION OF
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES REDUCES
THE UTILITY OF THE CONCEPT OF
DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION WHEN
APPLIED TO COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
OF DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES
PROBLEMS
• LACK OF EXPERIENCE OF
ADMINISTRATORS
• LACK OF GOOD MANAGERS AND
TECHNIQUES
• LACK OF COMMITMENT
• INFLUENCE OF OLD TRADITIONS AND
CUSTOMS
• POLITICAL PARTIES CONCERNED MORE
WITH THEIR OWN PERPETUATION
• LACK OF COORDINATION BETWEEN
GENERALISTS AND SPECIALISTS
CORRUPTION
• PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IS ITSELF
SUSCEPTIBLE TO CORRUPTION
SINCE OFFICIALS EXERCISE A LOT
OF POWER
• MUCH OF THE BENEFITS OF RAPID
ECONOMIC GROWTH OR A STABLE
POLITICAL ORDER MAY BE LOST IN
THE GROWING TIDE OF
COPRRUPTION