Transcript Lecture 26 SHRM ATIF.ppt

Strategy for Human Resource
Management
Lecture 26
HRM 765
Last Lecture
Vacation and Holiday Leave
Profit Sharing plans
Disability Insurance Programs
contributory
non-contributory
– Social and recreational events,
– employee assistance programs,
– housing,
– tuition reimbursement,
– uniforms,
– company-paid transportation,
Modular plans:
• pre-designed package.
Core-Plus Options Plans
• option to select other benefits.
• Benefits in different countries
Fundamentals of Human Resource
Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
Topic
Ensuring a Safe and Healthy Work
Environment
Fundamentals of Human Resource
Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
Introduction
• Management has both legal and moral
responsibilities to provide a safe and
healthy workplace.
• Work-related accidents, injuries, and
illnesses are costly.
Fundamentals of Human Resource
Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
The Occupational Safety and Health
Act
1970 Federal legislation
– Established health and safety standards.
– Authorized inspections and fines for
violations.
– Empowered OSH Administration to ensure
standards are met.
– Requires employers to keep records of
illnesses and injuries, and calculate accident
ratios.
– Applies to almost every U.S. business
engaged in interstate commerce.
Fundamentals of Human Resource
Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
The Occupational Safety and Health
Act
OSHA Enforcement Priorities
– Imminent danger: Where an
accident is about to occur.
– Accidents that have led to
serious injuries or death.
Employer must report within 8
hours.
– Employee complaints:
Employees have right to call
OSHA.
Fundamentals of Human Resource
Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
The Occupational Safety and Health
Act
OSHA Enforcement Priorities
• Inspection of industries with the highest injury or
illness rates
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chemical processing
roofing and sheet metal
meat processing
lumber and wood products
stevedoring
• Additionally, special emphasis is placed on the
handling of hazardous waste.
Fundamentals of Human Resource
Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
The Occupational Safety and Health
Act
Random inspection
• Supreme Court ruled (Marshall v.
Barlow’s Inc., 1978) that
employers are not required to let
OSHA inspectors enter without
search warrants.
• Most attorneys recommend
companies cooperate with
inspectors.
Fundamentals of Human Resource
Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
The Occupational Safety and Health
Act
OSHA’s Record-Keeping Requirements
– Basis for record-keeping is Form 300
– Must report any work-related illness; report
injuries that require medical treatment besides
first aid, involve loss of consciousness,
restriction of work or motion, or transfer to
another job.
– Incidence rate: Number of illnesses, injuries
or lost workdays per 100 full-time workers.
Fundamentals of Human Resource
Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
The Occupational Safety and Health
Act
• OSHA Punitive Actions
– Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act
of 1990 allows fines up to $70,000 if
violation is severe, willful and
repetitive.
– Fines can be for safety violations or
failure to keep adequate records.
– Courts have backed criminal charges
against executives when they have
willfully violated health and safety laws.
Fundamentals of Human Resource
Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
The Occupational Safety and Health
Act
OSHA: A Critique
• OSHA has made organizations more aware of
health and safety.
• National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health (NIOSH) has been researching and
setting standards for new areas
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blood-borne pathogens
chemical process safety
motor vehicle safety
protective equipment
ergonomics
Fundamentals of Human Resource
Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
The Occupational Safety and Health
Act
OSHA: A Critique
• Hazard Communication Standard, (1983),
requires organizations to communicate
information about hazardous chemicals by:
– labeling containers
– distributing data sheets
– training employees in their safe handling
Fundamentals of Human Resource
Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
Job Safety Programs
Costs of Accidents
– Workers’ compensation
premiums.
– Time lost due to injury.
– Time to investigate/report
accidents.
– Damage to
equipment/materials.
– Work stoppages/personnel
changeover.
Fundamentals of Human Resource
Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
Job Safety Programs
Causes of Accidents
– Accidents are generally classified as human
or environmental.
– Human causes responsible for majority of
accidents.
– Environmental causes include
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tools
equipment
physical plant
general work environment
Fundamentals of Human Resource
Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
Job Safety Programs
Preventative Measures
• Education
• Skill training
• Engineering
• Protection devices
• Regulation enforcement
Fundamentals of Human Resource
Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
Job Safety Programs
Ensuring Job Safety
– Management needs feedback from
inspections, reports, and
observations.
– Safety should be part of
organizational culture.
– Top management must be
committed to safety.
– Safety committees empower
employees to maintain a safe
environment.
Fundamentals of Human Resource
Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
Job Safety Programs
A Safety Issue: Workplace Violence
• Homicide is the number-two cause of workrelated death.
• Recommended HRM actions:
– Develop a plan, including review of policies and
employee treatment.
– Train supervisory personnel to identify and deal with
troubled employees.
– Implement stronger security mechanisms.
– Prepare employees to deal with violent situations.
Fundamentals of Human Resource
Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
Maintaining a Healthy Work
Environment
• Sick buildings are office environments
that contain harmful airborne chemicals, or
indoor pollution.
Fundamentals of Human Resource
Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
Maintaining a Healthy Work
Environment
• Sick Buildings
• Suggestions for keeping the
environment healthy include:
– Making sure workers get enough fresh
air.
– Suspect building materials and
furnishings.
– Testing new buildings for toxins before
occupancy.
– Providing a smoke-free environment.
– Keeping air ducts clean and dry.
– Paying attention to workers’ complaints.
Fundamentals of Human Resource
Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
Maintaining a Healthy Work
Environment
The Smoke-Free Environment
• Costs of smokers include
– increased health premiums
– Absenteeism
– lost productivity due to smoke
breaks
– maintenance costs
– harm to coworkers by secondhand smoke
Fundamentals of Human Resource
Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
Maintaining a Healthy Work
Environment
The Smoke-Free Environment
• Smoke-free policies at work include
banning smoking or restricting it to
properly ventilated designated areas. .
• Some employers offer incentives and help
for employees to stop smoking.
Fundamentals of Human Resource
Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
Maintaining a Healthy Work
Environment
Repetitive Stress Injuries
• Injuries resulting from continuous,
repetitive movements, such as
typing.
• Also referred to as
musculoskeletal disorders
(MSDs).
• The most frequent injury is carpal
tunnel syndrome, which occurs
in the wrist.
Fundamentals of Human Resource
Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
Maintaining a Healthy Work
Environment
Repetitive Stress Injuries
• Ergonomics, or fitting the work
environment to the individual, can prevent
repetitive motion injuries.
• Includes design of environment and
furniture to fit the individual.
Fundamentals of Human Resource
Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins
Summary
OSHA
Inspection and the inspector
Costs of Accidents
Preventative Measures
• Education
• Skill training
• Engineering
• Protection devices
• Regulation enforcement
Sick buildings are office environments that contain harmful airborne chemicals, or indoor
pollution.
The Smoke-Free Environment
Repetitive Stress Injuries (Typing)
• Injuries resulting from continuous, repetitive movements, such as typing.
• Also referred to as musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs).
• The most frequent injury is carpal tunnel syndrome, which occurs in the wrist.
Fundamentals of Human Resource
Management 8e, DeCenzo and Robbins