Transcript Lecture 32.ppt

Seminars in IT for Businesses
Seminars in IT for Businesses
Summary 1
By
Summary 4
By
Dr Sadaf
Dr SadafSajjad
Sajjad
Internet & e-commerce
Ecommerce Strategies
• Brick-and-mortar
• Traditional, physical companies
• Click-only (“virtual”) companies
• Online only
• Click-and-mortar (or “Brick & Click”)
• Both physical and virtual
– Challenge: increased IS complexity
VIDEO 1
Internet, Intranet, Extranet
Decision-Making Levels
of an Organization
• Executive level
– Long-term decisions (Strategies)
– Unstructured decisions
• Managerial level
– Decisions covering weeks and months (Tactics)
– Semi-structured decisions
• Operational level
– Day-to-day decisions (Operations)
– Structured decisions
ENTERPRISE RESOURCE
PLANNING
• ERP systems collect data from across an organization
and correlates the data generating an enterprisewide
view
SUPPLY CHAIN
MANAGEMENT
• Five basic supply chain
activities
Information Systems Development
THE SYSTEMS
DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
(SDLC)
• Systems development
life cycle (SDLC) –
The overall process
for developing
information systems
from planning and
analysis through
implementation and
maintenance
Video 2
7-11
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APPLICATION
DEVELOPMENT
METHODOLOGIES
Waterfall (Structured Process)
Agile
Rapid application development (RAD)
Extreme programming
Rational unified process (RUP)
SCRUM
Waterfall Methodology
•
Waterfall
methodology – A
structured sequence
of phases in which
the output of each
phase becomes the
input for the next
Agile Methodology

Iterative development – Consists of a series of
tiny projects
•
Agile methodology – Aims for customer
satisfaction through early and continuous
delivery of useful application software
components developed by an iterative process
using the bare minimum requirements
Rapid Application Development
(RAD) Methodology
•
Rapid application development methodology–
Emphasizes extensive user involvement in the rapid
and evolutionary construction of working prototypes
of a system to accelerate the systems development
process

Prototype – A smaller-scale representation or
working model of the users’ requirements or a
proposed design for an information system
•
The prototype is an essential part of the analysis phase
when using a RAD methodology
Extreme Programming
Methodology
• Extreme programming (XP) methodology – Breaks a
project into tiny phases, and developers cannot continue on
to the next phase until the first phase is complete
Rational Unified Process (RUP)
Methodology
• Rational Unified Process (RUP) – Provides a
framework for breaking down the development
of software into four gates
– Gate One: Inception
– Gate Two: Elaboration
– Gate Three: Construction
– Gate Four: Transition
SCRUM Methodology
• SCRUM – Uses small teams to produce small
pieces of deliverable software using sprints, or 30day intervals, to achieve an appointed goal
• Under this methodology, each day ends or begins
with a stand-up meeting to monitor and control the
development effort
•
DEVELOPING SUCCESSFUL
APPLICATION
Primary reasons for project failure
–
–
–
Unclear or missing business requirements
Skipping SDLC phases
Failure to manage project scope
• Scope creep
• Feature creep
– Failure to manage project plan
– Changing technology
Project Management Role
CHOOSING STRATEGIC
PROJECTS
•
Three common techniques for selecting projects
1. Focus on organizational goals (vision, strategy)
2. Categorize projects (visibility, urgency, benefit)
3. Perform a financial analysis (cost/benefit)
Understanding Project
Planning
• After selecting strategic projects and identifying a
project manager the next critical component is the
project plan
• Building a project plan involves two key
components
– Project charter
– Project plan
Video 3
7-23
Information Systems in the 2010s
1-24
1.1 Positioning IT to Optimize
Performance
Business performance depends on:
• AGILITY: Importance of being an agile enterprise
(able to adapt rapidly) has never been greater because of
bad economic conditions and advances in mobile
technology.
• MOBILITY: Connect with customers anywhere/time.
The shift from PCs to mobile devices has made
location irrelevant to a large extent.
– Touch-navigate devices running on 3G & 4G networks
together with innovative IT (e.g., 2D tags) create business
opportunities.
1-25
IT creates a competitive edge —
until it’s duplicated by a competitor or replaced by newer technology
• Past decade: companies were adapting to social
networking. Facebook, LinkedIn, YouTube,
Twitter and blogs became extensions of businesses
to reach customers, prospects, and business
partners.
• Today: companies want to grab the attention of
potential and current customers on their mobiles.
Companies are developing ways to connect with
& push content to social networks and mobile
devices.
1-26
Business Innovation & Disruption of the Status Quo
Widespread adoption of new IT is going to disrupt the usual way business
is done.
Examples:
• Winter Olympics 2010 was the 1st social media Olympics. Twitter
and Facebook were platforms used by marketers, athletes, and sports
fans to share news, get game updates, and send/ receive marketing
promotions.
• Facebook, Skype, and blogs formed critical ISs after the Haiti and
Chile earthquakes in 2010. They were used to communicate, find
missing people, and request donations to the Haitian relief.
• Whole Foods Market attracts customers and reinforces customer
relationships via its free iPhone app. Instead of pursuing customers
with traditional advertising only, Whole Foods is attracting customers
via its lower cost and more targeted iPhone app.
1-27
Innovation leads to profitable growth if
that innovation does one or more of the
following:
•
•
•
•
•
Generates new profit pools
Increases demand for products and services
Attracts new customers
Opens new markets
Sustains the business for years to come
1-28
1.2 Information Systems and IT:
Core Concepts
Figure 1.3 Four Basic Functions of an Information System:
Input, Processing, Storage, & Output
1-29
Figure 1.4 Components of Information Systems
1-30
IS value is determined by the relationships among
ISs, people, & business processes—all of which are
influenced by organizational culture
Figure 1.5 Information Systems Function Within a Culture
1-31
Ethical Issues
• IT creates challenging ethical issues ranging from
employee e-mail monitoring to invasion of customers’
privacy.
• Ethical issues create pressures or constraints on
business operations.
• Ethics relates to standards of right and wrong.
• Information ethics relates to standards of right and
wrong in information management practices.
1-32
Net Work Securities. Video 4
7-33
• In today’s workplace, it is imperative that ISs work
effectively and reliably.
• IS managers play a vital role in the implementation and
administration of technology within their organizations.
– They plan, coordinate, and direct research on the computerrelated activities of firms.
– In consultation with other managers, they help determine
the goals of an organization and then implement technology
to meet those goals.
– They oversee all technical aspect of an organization, such
as software development, network security, and Internet
operations.
1-34
Why IT is Important to Your Career,
and IT Careers
• Business is IT-dependent
• For most organizations, if their computer network
goes down, so does the business
Imagine not having Internet access for 24
hours--no texting, e-mail, Facebook, Twitter,
Google, data access, etc.
How would that impact your life?
1-35
Future of IT. Video 5
7-36
THANKYOU
7-37