Transcript CAAoverview.ppt

Clean Air
Act
Overview/
Update
Pat Childers, U.S. EPA
Origins of the Clean Air Act
•
•
•
•
•
•
Historic air pollution
Donora, Pennsylvania, 1948
1970
1977 – PSD, tribes included
1990
2000 – 2006 updates
2
Titles of the Clean Air Act
• Title I—NAAQS and HAPs
• Title II—Mobile Sources
• Title III—General Administrative
including tribal)
• Title IV—Acid Deposition
• Title V—Permits
• Title VI—Stratospheric Ozone
3
CAA Amendments
of 1990: Title I
NAAQS
• Attainment areas
• Nonattainment areas
• National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS)
– EPA required to review every 5 years
4
Criteria Pollutants
•
•
•
•
•
•
Particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5)
Lead
NOx
SO2
CO
VOCs (ozone precursors)
5
National Ambient
Air Quality Standards
• EPA required to review every 5
years
6
Prevention of Significant
Deterioration
• How the PSD rule was developed
• Class I– Pristine
• Class II– Moderate emissions
growth
• Class III– Maximum emissions
growth
7
NonAttainment
New
Source
Review
(NSR)
NAAQS
( III )
Prevention of
Significant
Deterioration
(PSD)
Attainment
( II )
(concentration)
(I)
Existing/Baseline
0
Airshed Designations (Classes) Under the PSD Program
8
PSD Redesignations
1977–2009
•
•
•
•
•
•
Northern Cheyenne
Fort Peck
Confederated Salish & Kootenai
Spokane Tribe
Forest County Potawatomi
Yavapai Apache (not finalized)
9
CAA Amendments
of 1990: Section 112
Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPS)
• 187 HAPS identified by Congress
• “Technology-Based Standards”
– MACT/BACT
• Residual Risk Standards 8 years after
each MACT
• Program can be delegated to states
and tribes that seek authority
10
National Visibility Goal
Prevention of future, & remedying of
existing, visibility impairment in
mandatory Class I federal areas resulting
from human-made air pollution
11
Regional Haze Rule
• Promulgated July 1999
• Mandatory federal Class I areas
• One “deciview” improvement each 10
years
• Regional planning organizations
• SIP planning to attain background by 2064
12
CAA Amendments
of 1990: Title II
Mobile Source Provisions
• Reserved for EPA (few exceptions)
• New vehicle standards
–
–
–
–
–
–
On-road
Off-road
Diesel
Locomotives
Gasoline formulations
Recently worked to include Administrations “10
in 20” GHG rules for mobile sources and fuels
13
CAA Amendments
of 1990: Title IV
Acid Deposition Program
• Establishes cap and trade allowances
for
– Sulfur dioxide
– Nitrogen oxides
• Program is working better than
expected
14
CAA Amendments
of 1990: Title V
Operating Permits
• Major sources
• HAP sources and criteria pollutants
• Delegated to states and tribes
• Significant fees/revenues
15
CAA Amendments
of 1990: Title VI
Stratospheric Ozone Protection
• CFC production ban of 1996
• Bans on other substances to follow
(e.g., CCl4 now banned)
16
CAA Amendments
of 1990: Summary
Six titles address major pollutants
• Act still being tweaked, no major
rewrites since 1990
• New actions likely to address climate
change
• Evolving role of non-federal regulators
17