Transcript engineering computing center linux seminar
ENGINEERING COMPUTING CENTER LINUX WORKSHOP
WHAT WILL BE COVERED
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UNIX/Linux Overview Red Hat Enterprise Linux How to Login Password Reset Applications Command Line Change Password Shell Commands and Create Text Files 9.
Linux File-system Hierarchy 10. File Permissions 11. Remote Access & File Transfer 12. Security & ECC Policies
UNIX OVERVIEW
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UNIX was developed in 1969 at Bell Labs. Originally used as a workbench for programmers to develop new software for testing. Main Functions of UNIX: - High performance - Resource Sharing - Multi-User Access - Programming and Software Development
FLAVORS OF UNIX
UNIX DISTRIBUTIONS
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Open Source: Linux, Minix, FreeBSD, OpenSolaris
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Open & Closed Source: Android
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Closed Source: MacOS X, Solaris, AIX, HP-UX
LINUX
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Linus Torvalds developed the Linux kernel in 1991.
Collaborated with the GNU Project in 1992, to create the first free operating system for the public.
Many distrubutions of Linux include Debian, Fedora, Mandriva, SUSE, Slackware, and Android Most distributions are free for use, some are NOT
ADVANTAGES OF A LINUX OS?
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Hardware/Software High Compatibility Resource Allocation/Sharing Flexibility Security Very few Viruses Encryption Dynamic Firewall Choice Complete Control Open Source Software Scripting and Automation Experimentation
RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX 6
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Originally Released in 2003
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Mainly used as enterprise level server OS
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Trademark and Support are NOT free
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CentOS and Scientific Linux are free rebuilds
CENTOS 6
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http://www.centos.org/ A free, community supported enterprise OS.
Exact replica of RedHat Enterprise Linux
HOW TO LOGIN
OPEN X-WIN 32 FROM START MENU
CONFIGURE X-WIN 32: New Connection “Manual”
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Choose ‘XDMCP’
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‘General’ tab Connection Name: tuxedo XDMCP mode: Query HOST: tuxedo.egr.uh.edu
Hit ‘Save’ Hit ‘Launch’
USE ECC UNIX ACCOUNT TO LOGIN
RESET PASSWORD (ONLINE)
GO TO: http://www.uh.edu/infotech/ Click “Password Reset” Choose the box “I need to reset a password that is
not listed here
” Enter security information Click “Reset”
NAGIVATE THE GUI (GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE)
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Applications - accessories - word processing - system tools - command line (terminal) Places - Home folder - subdirectories - search for files System - Preferences - Administration Utilities - System Documentation
APPLICATIONS
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Firefox - web browser
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Libre Office - Open source version of Microsoft Word, Excel, Powerpoint Terminal - command line shell prompt - faster than GUI Text Editors - EMACS - VI/ VIM/ NANO (command line)
CLASS SOFTWARE LOCATION Located: /usr/local MATLAB, Abacus, Fluent, Cadence, Comsol , etc…
ACCESS THE COMMAND LINE PROMPT
Applications
Terminal System tools
Fully text based command prompt
Shell prompt
[ username@
USING SIMPLE SHELL COMMANDS
Navigation: ls – list directory contents
ls –l - view files and permissions
pwd – print, current working directory cd – change directory
cd
Copying, Moving, and Deleting cp – copy files and directories
cp
mv – move or rename file
mv
touch – make basic text files
touch
mkdir – create a directory
mkdir
rm – delete file or directory (can be destructive)
rm
rmdir – delete directory (empty directory)
rmdir
SHELL COMMANDS (CONTINUED)
Search commands: find – search for files
Find
Documentation: man – manual pages
man
Change File Permissions: chown – change file owner and group
chown owner:group
chmod – change file mode and permissions
chmod
System commands:
top
– shows current processes that are running
df –h: show the file system disk space usage w
– shows who is logged on to the system
uptime
– see date, load average, and # of users
uname
–a : to see current OS version and computer hostname Network Statistics Ifconfig – network card information netstat –rn: see IP routing information
CHANGE PASSWORD (COMMAND LINE)
New password format: mmddyy
Password Rules: Minimum 8 characters.
Type command in prompt to reset:
yppasswd
Will prompt for old password At lease one Capital Letter At least one Special char @#&%!
CREATE & EDITING TEXT FILES
VIM
vim
NANO
Nano
EMACS
GUI text editor
LINUX FILE-SYSTEM HIERARCHY
FILE PERMISSIONS
drwxrwxrwx
First character: d = directory (blue) l = symbolic link (cyan) ‘-’ = a file (white) rwx permissions: R = read W = write X = execute First set: owner Second set: group Third set: everyone
REMOTE ACCESS
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Ssh – Secure Shell client A program used for “shell” access to a remote system. Login using UNIX/Linux terminal (shell), or through “PUTTY” Use ECC UNIX account info to login
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PUTTY (for Windows Use) - free application - allows shell logins from a windows desktop
REMOTE ACCESS (CONT)
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SSH from PUTTY: Open PUTTY app from Windows Type the hostname or IP of destination Port is always 22 Enter ECC-UNIX user ID, and password If successful, user command prompt will be shown SSH from another terminal (shell): Type command: ssh
FILE TRANSFER
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WinSCP: Transfer files from Windows to Linux and vice versa
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Installation located in “software download” on Access UH Login: - Open WinSCP program - Enter user credentials, click login
SECURTIY & ECC POLICIES
ECC website http://ecc.egr.uh.edu/engineering computing-center-policies ECC Usage Policy http://ecc.egr.uh.edu/sites/ecc.egr.uh.e
du/files/files/cce_policy_computing.pdf
SECURITY
DO NOT, give anyone your password DO NOT, let anyone use your ECC-UNIX account All activity is being tracked and logged, including command history.
Report any suspicious activity to either Kiet Luong or Zain Marvi Kiet Luong Zain Marvi
Engineering IT Director System Administrator 1 Information Security Officer Email: [email protected]
Email: [email protected]