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现 在 完 成 时 态 城厢中学 谭娟 现在完成时 构成: Present perfect tense 助动词have/has + 过去分词 1.肯定句 现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has）＋过去分词”。 注意：该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人 称单数，其它人称一律用have。 eg. He has eaten supper. They have eaten supper. 2.疑问句 现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提 到主语之前。 (回答用“Yes，---have/has．／“No， ---haven’t/hasn’t．” ） eg. Has he eaten supper? Yes, he has./No, he hasn’t. 3.否定句： 现在完成时的否定句式是“haven't/hasn't＋过去分词”。 eg. He hasn’t eaten supper. They haven’t eaten supper. 现在完成时态的分类 用法一、 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态对现在造成 的影响或产生的结果。 常跟already, just, not…yet, never, before, ever, recently，---times等时间状语连用。 注：already与just用于肯定句，在否定句和疑 问句中要变为yet eg. eg.1. He had his breakfast at 6:00 只是说他六点的时候进行了吃饭这个动作， 但不对现在产生影响 He has had his breakfast. 这说明他现在已经饱了，不饿了。 2. Has he had his breakfast? Yes, he has. When did he have his breakfast? He had breakfast at 6:00. When、what time永远不能与现在完成 时态连用 Exercises 1. I have ________(have) had lunch already. arrived (arrive) yet? 2. Has the train_______ has never_______ 3.Tom ____ been (be ) to China. seen 4. The twin ______just _____(see) my has father. 5. The twins saw ____(see) my father just now. have you ever ridden 6.______ _______(ride) a horse? Never. write wrote written ride rode ridden 7._____ Have you ________(clean) cleaned the room? have done Yes, we__________(do) that already. did do When _______ you ______(do) it? did We _______(do) it an hour ago. Has he ______(see) seen 8.______ this film yet? No. see When will _____ he _____(see) it? see it tomorrow. He will ______ come 9. How many times have _____you______(come) here? come came come Once. become became become 表示过去某个时间开始的动作 或存在的状态，一直持续到现 用法二： 在并可能还将持续下去。 动词使用延续性动词。 常与for或since引导的时间连用 so far, up to/till now, in the last/past+一段时间，all one’s life. for+一段时间 since+过去时态的句子 一段时间+ago since+ 过去的时间点 具体的过去的时间点 E.g. Kate has lived here for 3 years. Kate has lived here since 3 years ago. Kate has lived here since she came to China. 常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变 第一类：动词 be + adj. die finish be dead be over open/close be open/closed fall ill/asleep be ill/asleep be married to marry sb/get married to 第二类：动词 be + 介词. be on start/begin be away from leave be in/be a member of join 第三类：动词 buy 另一个动词 have borrow keep get/begin to延续性v. become be put on wear eg. 延续性v. His father died 2 years ago. His father has been dead for 2 years/since two years. The football match began at 9:00a.m. The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m. The twins joined the army when they were 18 years old. The twins have been soldiers/ in the army、 members of the army since they were 18years old. My teacher left Nanjing 3 days ago. My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 days/since 3 days ago. 用法三： have/has gone to have/has been to have/has been in have/has gone to:已经去了或在途中，还没 有返回；反正不在说话地! have/has been to:曾经去过某地，现在已经 回来了,后面可接表示“次数”、ever、 never、before等的状语; have/has been in:表示某人“已在某地停留一 段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间 的状语。 Exercises Tom 在哪儿？ 他去书店了。 -Where is Tom? - He has gone to the bookshop. 我在北京待了5年了。 I have been in Beijing for 5 years. Jack 去过上海两次了 Jack has been to Shanghai twice.