冠词数词

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Transcript 冠词数词

06年高考语法复习系列十
冠
词
冠词考点及复习要点
冠词的考查是当前各地高考考卷中的热点,是我
们复习中的重点之一。冠词的考查以固定结构和习惯用
语为主,结合考查一些基本规则。所以我们在复习中要
注重教材中的语言点的整理,同时对下面的冠词规则也
要引起重视。
1、不定冠词的用法比较;
2、定冠词的习惯用法;
3、零冠词的用法;
4、在习惯用语中冠词的用法;
不定冠词的用法
考题点击1
D A-shaped house near
The Wilsons live in _____
the coast. It is _____ 17th century cottage.
(04浙江)
A. the , /
B. an, the
C. /, the
D. an, a
该句意为“威尔逊先生一家住在海边的一幢A
型房子里,那是一幢十七世纪的屋子。”两处
都表示“一幢“,A-shaped 是元音开头,该用
an;而 seventeenth是辅音开头,所以该用 a。
考题点击2
C 8-year-old daughter who
Mrs. Taylor has _____
has _____ gift for painting—she has won two
national prizes. (05浙江卷)
A.a; a
B.an; the C.an; a
D.the; a
“Taylor 夫人有一个在绘画方面极有天赋的八岁
的女儿,她已经两次获得全国大奖了。” eight
是元音开头,所以该用 an;而后面的 have a
gift for为一短语,表示“在 … 方面有天赋”,
故答案为C。
冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,
它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中
的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(the Definite Article),
另一种是不定冠词(the Indefinite Article),还有一
种是零冠词(Zero Article)。
不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源,是“一个”的意
思。a用于辅音音素前,而an则用于元音音素前。
1) 表示"一个",意为one;指某人或某物,意为a
certain。
A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.
2) 代表一类人或物。
A knife is a tool for cutting with.
Mr. Smith is an engineer.
3) 词组或成语。
a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great
many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute /
in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a
cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden
定冠词的用法
考题点击1
As a rule, domestic servants doing odd jobs are
paid _______.
(04上海春季)
A
A. by the hour
B. by hour
C. by an hour
D. by hours
“按小时付费”,以及其它用来表示“按…计算”
都需用介词 by 加 the 加单位名词来表示,如:
by the day; by the jin; by the pound; by the dozen …。
但需注意:size; weight; time; length … 等名词并
不表示单位,所以不需加 the。
考题点击2
On May 5, 2005, at ________World
Table Tennis
D
Championship, Kong Linghui and Wang Hao won
the gold medal in men's doubles with ________
score of 4: 1.
(05江苏卷)
A. a; a
B. 不填; the C. a; 不填 D. the; a
“the World Table Tennis Championship”是由普通名
词构成的专有名词,用来表示一个机构名称。这
类名词前都要加 the。 “with a score of 4:1” 表示
“以4:1的比分”,是一个介词短语结构。
考题点击3
C
This book tells ________
life story of John Smith,
who left ______ school and worked for a newspaper
at the age of 16. (05辽宁卷)
A.the; the B.a; the C.the; 不填 D.a; 不填
“这本书讲的是 John Smith 的人生故事”,是特
指的,所以必须用 the。 “leave school” 表示
“毕业”,不用冠词。类似的用法还有:finish
school; in class; at church; go to school …等。
定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有“那(这)个”
的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或
某些特定的人或东西。
1)特指双方都明白的人或物:
Take the medicine. 把药吃了。
2)上文提到过的人或事:
He bought a house. I‘ve been to the house.
他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。
3)指世上独一物二的事物:
the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth
4)与单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar 美元;
the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类
人:the rich 富人; the living 生者。
5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,
very, same等前面:
Where do you live? I live on the second floor.
你住在哪?我住在二层。
That‘s the very thing I’ve been looking for.
那正是我要找的东西。
6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体:
They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师)
They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师)
7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位
的名词前:
She caught me by the arm.. 她抓住了我的手臂。
8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团
体、阶级、等专有名词前:
the People‘s Republic of China 中华人民共和国
the United States 美国
9)用在表示乐器的名词之前:
She plays the piano. 她会弹钢琴。
10) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:
the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)
11) 用在表示“度量衡”之类的名词前:
Apples are sold by the pound.
但要注意在 time, weight, length 等名词前不加 the。
12) 用在惯用语中:
in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening);
the day after tomorrow;
the day before yesterday; the next morning;
in the sky (water,field,country);
in the dark; in the rain; in the distance;
in the middle (of); in the end; on the whole;
by the way; go to the theatre
零冠词的用法
考题点击1
If you go by ______
B train, you can have quite a
comfortable journey, but make sure you get ______
fast one. (05全国卷3)
A.the; the
B.不填;a
C.the; a
D.不填;不填
在由介词 by 加表示交通方式的名词短语中,不
用冠词。但如果 by 不表示交通方式,而表示地
理位置,就需要加冠词了。如:by sea 乘船;by
the sea 在海边
考题点击2
It is often said that _____
B teachers have _____
very easy life. ( 05北京卷)
A. 不填;不填
B. 不填;a
C. the, 不填
D. the, a
teachers 是复数名词,用来表示类属,不加冠词。
只有在特定范围内的复数名词前才加冠词。
“have a … life”是一个习惯短语,表示“过着…
的生活”。
考题点击3
B sweater will of course
The warmth of _______
be determined by the sort of ______wool used.
(01全国)
A. the; the
B. the;/
C. /; the
D. /; /
sweater 的保暖性能取决于使用哪一种类型的羊
毛。the 加单数名词 sweater 表示一种类型;而羊
毛是物质名词,表示类属的物质名词不加冠词。
1)国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:England,Mary;
2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定
冠词;
They are teachers. 他们是教师。
3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词;
Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母
4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示
特定的意思时,需要加定冠词;
Man cannot live without water.
人离开水就无法生存。
5)在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示
时间的名词之前,不加冠词;
We go to school from Monday to Friday.
我们从星期一到星期五都上课。
6)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词;
The guards took the American to General Lee.
士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。
7)在三餐饭、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加
冠词 如:have breakfast,play chess
但如果三餐饭的名词前有形容词修饰,则需要加
冠词。如:have a big breakfast
8)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词;
I can‘t write without pen or pencil.
没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。
9)当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,
中间无冠词;by bus,by train;
10)有些个体名词不用冠词;如:
school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,
table,class,town,church,court 等个体名词,直
接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义;
go to hospital
去医院看病
go to the hospital 去医院 (并不一定去看病)
11)不用冠词的序数词;
a. 序数词前有物主代词
b. 序数词作副词 He came first in the race.
c. 在固定词组中 at (the) first, first of all,
from first to last
12)在复习过程中注意不带冠词的短语和习惯用语。
13)特别注意加冠词和不加冠词的意义区别。如:
go to hospital --- go to the hospital
at table --- at the table
in charge of --- in the charge of
out of question --- out of the question
不定冠词的位置
考题点击1
______
D role she played in the film! No wonder she
has won an Oscar. (2002上海春)
A. How interesting
B. How an interesting
C. What interesting
D. What an interesting
不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。但位于下
列形容词之后: such,what,many,half,如:
I have never seen such an animal.
Many a man is fit for the job.
考题点击2
We were in ________
when we left that we forgot
D
the airline tickets. (2003上海)
A. a rush so anxious
B. a such anxious rush
C. so an anxious rush
D. such an anxious rush
当名词前的形容词被副词 as, so, too, how,
however, enough修饰时,不定冠词应放在形容
词之后:
It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.
So short a time.
Too long a distance.
还需注意下面三个问题:
1、quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后。
但当rather,quite 前仍有形容词,不定冠词放其前后均
可。如:quite a lot
2、 在as,though 引导的让步状语从句中,当标语为形
容词修饰的名词时,不定冠词放形容词后:
Brave a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of
snakes. 他尽管勇敢,可见到蛇还是发抖。
3、当名词被比较级形容词修饰时,不定冠词通常置于
比较级形容词之后。
定冠词的位置
考题点击1
He did it ____
D it took me. (2003北京)
A. one-third a time
B. one-third time
C. the one-third time D. one-third the time
定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前,但放在all,
both,double,half,twice,three times等词之后,
名词之前。
All the students in the class went out.
班里的所有学生都出去了。
06年高考语法复习系列十
数
词
数词考点及复习要点
虽然数词并不是近几年的考查重点,但我们在
复习时还是需要搞清楚以下几个概念:
1、数词的基本用法及比较;
2、数词的位置;
3、倍数词的表达习惯;
4、在习惯用语中数词的用法;
数词的基本用法
考题点击1
D that people in ____ fifties are
It is not rare in _____
going to university for further education.
(99上海)
A. 90s, the
B. the 90s, /
C. 90s, their
D. the 90s, their
表示“几十岁”;用 in one’s + 数词复数,如:
He began to work in his teens.
表示"年代",用 in +the +数词复数;
数词的基本用法
考题点击2
C covered
____ of the land in that district _____
with trees and grass. ( 2000上海)
A. Two fifth, is
B. Two fifth, are
C. Two fifths, is
D. Two fifths, are
分数和百分数作主语时,关键是看其后的名词来
决定其谓语动词的数。该题中的是不可数名词,
所以动词需用单数。
数词的基本用法
考题点击3
Americans eat ______
D vegetables per person
today as they did in 1910. (2002上海春)
A. more than twice B. as twice as many
C. twice as many as D. more than twice as many
倍数表示法:
主+谓+倍数(或分数)+ as + adj. (+ n.) + as
I have three times as many as you.
其他用来表示倍数的方法:
1. 主+谓+倍数(分数)+ the size (weight,length…) of…
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.
地球是月球的49倍。
2. 主+谓+倍数(分数)+ 形容词(副词)比较级+ than…
The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that
of last year.
今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。
3. 主+谓+ junior (senior)+ to
He is five years senior to his younger brother.