Transcript v-ing形式

Grammar and usage
—used as an adjective
or adverb
江苏省淮安中学
一、The -ing form — used as Attribute
（-ing形式作定语）
sleeping students
a boring lesson
a smiling face
boiling water
flying kites
the rising sun
a dancing girl
(1) a swimming man
(2) a swimming pool
(1) a walking man
=a man who is walking
(2) a walking stick
= a stick for walking
What’s the
difference between
(1) and (2)?
小结1
-ing形式作定语既可表示动作正
在进行（如例（1）），此时相当于
一个定语从句；又可表示所修饰名
词的性质或用途（如例（2））。
a running man
The man running in
attribute
the picture is Liu
Xiang.
相当于：
The man who is running in the picture is
Liu Xiang.
Rewrite the following sentences with
attributive clauses.
The teacher teaching us English is Mr.
Qi.
=The teacher who is teaching us
English is Mr. Qi.
The people sitting behind us are all
teachers.
=The people who are sitting behind
us are all teachers.
The expert coming from Huai’an is a lady
called Ms Cai.
=The expert who comes from Huai’an
is a lady called Ms Cai.
Translate the following phrases.
阅览室
a reading room
a washing machine
洗衣机
an exciting evening
激动人心的夜晚
an interesting crosstalk
有趣的相声
小 结 2
单个的-ing形式作定语，放在所
修饰的名词前面；-ing短语作定
语则放在所修饰的名词之后。
卧铺车
a sleeping car
吸烟室
a smoking room
听力练习
listening practice
开幕词
an opening speech
售票处
a booking office
自来水
running water
2.The -ing form — used as Object
Complement（-ing形式作宾语补足语）
I heard the girl singing in the classroom.
I noticed a long queue outside the bank
waiting for it to open.
The baby watched his dad shaving his face
with great interest.
We have the fire burning all day.
小结3
动词-ing形式作宾语补足
语常放在宾语后面，表
示一个正在进行的主动
性的动作，强调一个过
程或一种状态。
能跟-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见
动词有：
make, let, have, keep, leave, look at,
see, watch, hear, listen to, notice, find,
feel 等。
怎么记？
“五让、三看、两听、
一注意、一发现、一
感觉”。简单又好记！
3.The -ing form — used as predicative
(-ing形式作表语)
1. Our trip was disappointing. We did
not find any unusual plants.
2. The programme for the weekend
looks exciting. I am looking forward
to it.
4. The news was shocking. All the three
boats had sunk in the storm.
5. The report from Cook was
encouraging. The captain decided to
attack the following night.
6. It was astonishing to see the animals
and plants that are found nowhere else
in the world.
Practice
Fill in the blanks with the verb given in
its proper form.
1. Sixty million people _____
living (live) in
rural areas are moving to the cities
every year.
2. The bottle containing
_________ (contain) the
poison was sent to the laboratory.
3. The man sitting
_____ (sit) on the platform is
a professor from Wuhan University.
4. Who is that girl walking
_______ (walk) along
the river?
5. The children _________
practising (practise)
playing the violin over there will give a
performance next week.
6. The man with sun-glasses standing
________
(stand) near a car is a detective.
7. The old lady talking
______ (talk) to the
children is a famous musician.
8. The person translating
_________ (translate)
the songs can speak seven languages.
9. I saw them forcing
______(force) the door
open with a hammer.
quarreling (quarrel)
10. We heard them _________
about money after the concert; they
looked very angry.
11. I heard him ________
dropping (drop) lots of
coins into the collecting tin.
12. You can see them __________
performing
(perform) every night this week at the
New Theatre.
13. I could hear them __________
whispering
(whisper) to each other during the first
part of the play.
14. We watched the army marching
_______ (march)
down the street towards the park.
15. I saw the people _______
entering (enter) the
theatre, and there were 286 of them.
16. We watched three old men _______
sharing
(share) their food with each other.
17. We watched the children ______
diving
(dive) into the water from the top
diving board.
18. I noticed you _______
helping the performers
with the ticket sales. That was kind
of you.
A verb-ing has perfect form, e.g.,
having worked
Having worked side by side with
many environmentalists, I know
that a healthy environment and
stable economy should be possible at
the same time.
Rewrite the following sentences.
1. She gave her opinion about the new
building. Then she left the meeting.
Having given her opinion about the
new building, she left the meeting.
2. She made one last effort to see her
husband. Then she returned home.
Having made one last effort to see her
husband, she returned home.
3. I admired her writing for many years.
Then I finally met her.
Having admired her writing for many
years, I finally met her.
4. I was interested in the Koories for
many years. Then I decided to learn
their language.
Having been interested in the Koories
for many years, I decided to learn their
language.
A. This is a letter to the editor of a
newspaper. Put the verbs in brackets in
the correct forms using the grammar
rules you have learnt.
Dear Sir/ Madam,
I am delighted by your newspaper’s
decision to start a campaign for
protecting the environment. I am glad
that you have asked readers to write in
with their suggestions. The state of our
parks is very (1) shocking
________ (shock), with
rubbish everywhere. I used to find a trip
to the park very (2) _______
relaxing (relax). Now
I just find it (3) tiring
_____ (tire) because I
have to pick up the rubbish where I
am going to sit. The grass is covered in
plastic bags and food, and I am sad that
the young people of today do not clean
up after themselves when they have been
to the park. It is (4) ____________
disappointing
(disappoint) that none of the schools ask
their students to do park clean-ups as
part of their Science class. Perhaps they
could start doing this. There are so many
(5) __________
interesting (interest) animals and
insects (6) living
_____ (live) in our parks. It
would be a shame if they were destroyed
because of people’s activities in the park.
Yours,
Wang Qiang
B. Read this new report and fill in the
blanks with words from the box below.
following
sleeping pleasing exciting
walking
moving
falling
keeping
(1) _______
Exciting News for Animal Lovers!
Two people were arrested yesterday at a
Paris airport for bringing animals into
Europe from South America illegally.
One of the customs officers was watching
the arrivals very closely. He could see a
woman (2) walking
_______ in front of a group.
Then he saw feathers (3) ______
falling from
under her coat. Having seen this, the
customs officer asked the woman to come
over to his desk. He was surprised to find
ten birds inside her coat. There was a
short fat gentleman (4) following
________ her.
Another customs officer called him over
when it seemed he had a (5) moving
_______
stomach. On taking off his jacket, a (6)
_______
sleeping tortoise was found on his
stomach. Apparently he had traveled on
the plane like this, (7) keeping
_______ the
tortoise hidden in a blanket. Such arrests
are very (8) _______
pleasing for Paris officers.
二、-ing形式作状语
-ing短语在句子中可作状语，来修饰谓
语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时
间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随等
情况。-ing短语作状语一般表示一个次
要的动作， 一般都可以变为相应的状
语从句或并列句。
1. 作时间状语
-ing短语作时间状语要置于句首。如：
Hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help
crying.
=When they heard the bad news, they
couldn’t help crying.
当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自
禁地哭了起来。
Having received his letter, I decided to
write back.
=After I had received his letter, I
decided to write back.
收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。
2. 作原因状语
-ing短语作原因状语置于句首。如：
Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep.
=Because he was so angry, he couldn’t
go to sleep.
因为太生气了，他不能入睡。
Having been to the Great Wall many
times, he didn’t go last week.
=Because (As) he had been to the Great
Wall many times, he didn’t go last week.
因为他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就
没去。
3. 作条件状语
-ing作条件状语置于句首或句末。如：
Working hard, you will succeed.
=If you work hard, you will succeed.
如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。
Being given more attention, the trees
could have grown better.
=If they had been given more attention,
the trees could have grown better.
如果对这些树再多注意些，它们可
能长得更好。
4. 作让步状语
-ing短语作让步状语，可置于句首或
句末，常与even if, though 连用。如：
Though working from morning till
night, his father didn’t get enough food.
=Although his father worked from
morning till night, he didn’t get enough
food.
虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是
他还是挣不到足够的吃的。
5. 作伴随状语
置于句首或句末。如：
They came into the classroom, singing
and laughing.
=They sang and laughed; they came
into the classroom.
他们又唱又笑地走进教室。
注意：
1. -ing短语与when, while, though,
until, if等连词连用时，相当于这些
连词引导的一个从句。如：
When working in the factory, he was
an advanced worker.
=When he worked in the factory, he
was an advanced worker.
Though willing to attend the party, he
refused the invitation.
=Though he was willing to attend the
party, he refused the invitation.
While staying in Beijing, he came to see
me twice.
=While he was staying in Beijing, he
came to see me twice.
If playing all day, you will waste
your valuable time.
=If you play all day, you will waste
your valuable time.
Though raining heavily, it cleared
up very soon.
=Though it was raining heavily, it
cleared up very soon.
2. 动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻
辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。如：
He traveled on the plane like this,
keeping the tortoise hidden in a
blanket.
= When he traveled on the plane like
this, he kept the tortoise hidden in a
blanket.
Choose the correct sentence.
1. a. Hearing the news, tears ran down
her face.
b. Hearing the news, she cried out
sadly.
2. a. Entering the classroom, I found
nobody in it.
b. Entering the classroom, nobody was
found in it.
3. a. Looking out through the window, the
garden was beautiful.
b. Looking out through the window, we
saw a beautiful garden.
4. a. Reading the evening newspaper, a
dog started barking.
b. I was reading the evening newspaper
when a dog started barking.
5. a. Being fine, we will have the sports
meeting next week.
b. It being fine, we will have the sports
meeting next week.
-ing形式的否定式为在其前面加not。
如：
He sat there, not knowing what to say.
Exercise
1. Their car was caught in a traffic jam,
thus ____ the delay.
to cause
C. caused
A.
B. causing
D. cause
2. One by one Peter sold his bits and
pieces, ____ only a mite of their worth.
A. getting
B. got C. to get D. get
3. After seeing the movie, _____.
A. the book was read by him
B. the book made him want to read it
C. he wanted to read the book
D. the reading of the book interested
him
4. The next morning she found the man
in bed, _____ dead.
A. lying
B. lie
C. lay
D. laying
5. There was terrible noise ____ the
sudden burst of light.
A. followed
B. following
C. to be followed
D. being followed
6. The secretary worked late into the
night, ____ a long speech for the
president.
A. to prepare
B. preparing
C. prepared
D. was preparing
7. “Can’t you read?” Mary said____ to
the notice.
A. angrily pointing
B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed
D. and angrily pointing
8. He worked day and night, ____ his
task ahead of time.
A. finished
B. finishing
C. finish
D. to finish
9. I was in the bathroom, not ___ the
knock at the door.
A. hear
B. to hear
C. hearing
D. heard
10. ___ a reply, he decided to write
again.
A. Not receiving
B. Receiving not
C. Not having received
D. Having not received
11. What worried the boy most was
___ to visit his father in the hospital.
A. his not allowing
B. his not being allowed
C. having not been allowed
D. his being not allowed
12. They apologized for ____ to attend
the meeting.
A. their not being able
B. their being not able
C. them not able
D. them being able not
Read this conversation and change the
highlighted sentences into verb-ing clauses.
James Long: Well, (1) after I listened carefully
to you two, I was surprised that
you agreed with each other.
Having listened carefully to you two, I was
surprised that you agreed with each other.
Qian Liwei: (2) When I look back, I find I
didn’t like some of the
questions the audience asked
though. It was as if people
were not listening.
Lin Shuiqing: I think the audience was
interested in what you said.
I liked it when you told that
Looking back, I find I didn’t like
some of the questions the audience
asked though.
joke. I heard the audience laughing. I
think they really liked you after that.
(3)When I heard what you said about
the environment and the economy
needing to work together more, I was
very impressed.
Hearing what you said about the environment
and the economy needing to work together
more, I was very impressed.
Read this conversation and change the
highlighted sentences into verb-ing clauses.
Qian Liwei: I certainly think we need to
use all our resources in the
best possible way. After that,
they are limited. We also
need to clean up the mess we
made in the past. I like the
idea of taxing factories
that pollute although
getting them to agree
would be difficult.
Lin Shuiqing: Also, you are right about
many business people
trying to protect the
environment and build the
economy at the same time. (4)
You made that statement
forcefully. As a result, you
Having made that statement forcefully,
impressed the audience. They
you impressed the audience.
clapped so hard.
Qian Liwei: Environmentalists have been
seen as heroes while
economists have been seen
as bad boys. That impression
needs to be changed and (5)
after I talked to you today, I
Having talked
to you
today, Iwork
thinkonwe
think
we should
should work on some projects together.
some projects together.
Lin Shuiqing: Good idea.