Transcript cell organelles

Chapter 4 - Cell Structure and Function
The printed out notes are more detailed than these slides, you are expected to read the chapter and
your notes - anything is fair game on the test, but the cell chapter is largely review.
Quick: Grab some scratch paper and quickly discuss with your
partner what you remember from freshman biology about the cell.
Early Contributions
Hooke
Leeuwenhoek
Schleiden
Schwann
Virchow
The Cell Theory
1. Every living organism is
made of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit
of structure and function. It
is the smallest unit that
can perform life functions.
3. All cells arise from preexisting cells.
*Why is the Cell Theory
called a Theory and not
a Fact?
Figure 4.3
Single Cheek Cell - at different illuminations
ALL CELLS HAVE:
1. Cell Membrane
a) Phospholipid Bilayer (double layer)
b) Proteins
c) Carbohydrates
2. Genetic Material
3.
Cytoplasm (cytosol)
ORGANELLES float
within cytoplasm and
perform specific
functions
Prokaryote vs Eukaryote Cells
Endosymbiosis theory:
All organelles seem to share many properties with
bacteria. Lynn Margulis proposed endosymbiont
hypothesis: that organelles derived from ancient
colonization of large bacteria (became the eukaryotic cell)
by smaller bacteria (became the mitochondria,
chloroplast, etc.) Symbiosis = "living together".
*Mitochondria & Chloroplasts have their own DNA
Animation at Microbiological Concepts
Prokaryote Cells
Figure 4.4a
Eukaryotes
Quick Recap.......
1. What are the two main types of cells?
2. Which one is larger?
3. Which one does not have a membrane bound nucleus?
4. What are the three main parts of the cell (that all cells
have)?
5. What are the 3 components of the cell theory?
6. What theory explains how eukaryotes evolved?
It may seem that in these slides there were
quite a few "more on this later.." notes....
That's because cell biology is a huge area, and is divided into
many branches that biologists specialize in...
1) Oncology
2) Microbiology
3) Genetics
4) Paleobiology
5) Pathology
............to name a few
Here's an older video that compares prokaryotes and
eukaryotes and discusses how cells evolved, film by the
Phoenix Learning Group (17 minutes)
And a shorter video on the main parts of The Cell
The Parts of the Cell
I am a reticulated python. Ask me what I have to do with the endoplasmic reticulum.
Figure 4.10a
The Golgi
Apparatus is a
Delivery System
Proteins are
packaged as
vesicles and
exported from the
cell.
Ribosomes - Sites of Protein Synthesis
DNA is converted to RNA
that leaves the nucleus
and instructs the
ribosomes what amino
acids to make
chains of amino acids = a
protein
Hey! Remember
enzymes?
Lysosomes - Intracellular Digestion Centers
TAY-SACHS disease – What do lysosomes have
to do with this deadly disease?
Article and Video on Tay Sachs
Hey....remember enzymes?
The Peroxisome
Found in virtually all plant and animal cells,
this organelle plays a critical role in normal
cell functioning. In human cells, peroxisomes
house some sixty enzymes, involved in such
metabolic processes as bile acid, cholesterol,
and plasmalogen biosynthesis, as well as ßoxidation
As a by-product of its normal function, and the
reason the organelle is so named, the
peroxisome produces hydrogen peroxide. To
neutralize this potentially toxic compound, a
normally functioning peroxisome imports the
hydrogen peroxide-metabolizing enzyme
catalase, from the cytosol of the cell. Catalase
converts hydrogen peroxide to water and
oxygen
What happens if your mitochondria don’t work?
Mitochondrial Disease Video
Why is mitochondrial disease
so devastating to children?
Consider the mitochondria
have their own DNA separate
from the parental DNA. How
could you cure this disease?
Focus on Plant Cells
Cytoskeleton
How do cells maintain their shape?
How do they move?
- pseudopod
- cilia
- flagella
Pseudopod – extensions of the cell that allow for
movement (ameba), depend on actin filaments
Cilia (hair) & Flagella (whip)
--function in movement
-- 9+ 2 Arrangement of microtubules
Practice Drawing Plant and Animal Cells
What is this structure?
Mini Quiz
1. What part of the cell
produces vesicles for export?
2. What part of the cell makes
proteins?
3. What part of the cell
produces ATP?
4. What part of the cell
transports materials throughout
the cytoplasm?
5. What part of the cell has a
cis and a trans face?
a. ________________
b. ________________
c. _________________
d. _________________
e. _________________
f. __________________
f.
What is this structure?
Find the:
a. Nucleolus
b. Centriole
c. Vesicle
d. Smooth
ER
e. Lysosome
Figure 4.7b
Show, Don't Tell
Each person will get a cell concept . For your concept,
design a picture that goes with it and a GESTURE for the
idea.
Be prepared to share your pictures and gestures with the
class. Your classmates will use your picture and your
gesture to guess what your concept was.
It’s like playing a twisted form of charades! You should be
able to draw your picture on the fly, on the board, but have a
plan in place before you go up there.
Terms / Concepts for Show, Don't Tell
cell_theory
mitochondria
chloroplast
prokaryote
protein_synthesis
eukaryote
nucleus
lysosome
ribosome
endoplasmic_reticulum
cytoskeleton
golgi_apparatus
enzyme
messenger_RNA
chromatin
phospholipid_bilayer
cilia
flagella
microscope
peroxisome