Transcript Historical Lingu. L5

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14/1/1436
7.Model of Linguistics Change
7.1 Introduction
This unit reviews:
- the model of linguistics change Or Wave theory
Models of change> means the family- tree modeled
and wave theory.
- The conflict that exist bw them.
- The contrasting approaches to language change
- Lexical diffusion
7.2
The Family tree Model
• Family tree..stammbaum (Ger) is: a traditional
model of diversification(varieties)
() It attempts to:
• Show how language diversity
• How language families are classified.
() a family tree diagram purposes:
a. Shows how language which belong to same
language family are related to each other.
Linguistic diversification
Means:
How a single ancestor language (like proto type)
develop a dialect which is in time be a distinct
language
Be:
Sisters
languaget=
then to
another
Language
This
To>
• daughters
Thro linguistic change the daughter
• August schlieicher-1861 history of IndoEuropean linguistics- teacher of several
founders of Neogrammarian
• Known opponents to Neogrammarian
thinking.
• This method linked to literature with the
development of comparative methods and
grammarian regularity of sound change.
In the heart of conflict over methods:
• There are two assumptions of comparative
methods:
1. Sound change is regular(Neogram.)
2. No subsequent contact among the sisters
languages after the break up of protolanguage.
What is the neo- grammarian
slogan(manifesto)?
(sounds laws suffer no exceptions)
• They said that comparative method neglect
language contact. In comparative methods,
this is the cause of dispute about which
models are most appropriate (suitable) to
deal with sound change and kind of
relationship among language
Genetic relationship• Is not the only thing represented in family –
tree diagram.
• But, there is another relation between
language is that they borrow from each other.
‫علم اللهجات‬
•
•
7.3 The challenge from
Dialectology and the Wave
Theory
What’s wave theory
• n historical linguistics, the wave model or
wave theory ,is a model of language change in
which a new language feature (innovation) or
a new combination of language features
spreads from a central region of origin in
continuously weakening concentric circles,
similar to the waves created when a stone is
thrown into a body of water.(Johnnes Schmidt
1872)the father
Continue in 7.3
• The dialectologist oppose Neogrammarian
position that sound change is regular and
exception less. Is that each word has its own
history.(Jules Gillieron- author of Atlas
1900Linguistique)
• They also oppose family tree- model
This model
• Reduce historical linguistics to etymology(study
the origin of words)
• The dialectologists contradict the
Neogrammarian model of regularity hypothesis
• The example
• Normandy k> become French ∫(before a)
• This oppose Neogrammarian and support
Dialectologists view that every word has its
history(more details P (
Notion(idea) of wave theory
• Deals with the change due to contact among
them
The dialectists’ slogans that:
•
•
that every word has its own history,
reflect this thinking…
• A word history is a result of various influences
from different direction differs from anthor
word’s history.
7.4
7.5