Transcript Ocean_Thermal_Energy_Conversions Final Presentation

Oceanic Thermal Energy
Conversions
Group Members:
Brooks Collins
Kirby Little
Chris Petys
Craig Testa
Group 17 Oceanic Thermal Energy
Conversion Model - Lockheed Martin
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Presentation Overview
I. Introduction
What is OTEC
Problem Description
R-410a Overview
II. Design & Analysis
Design Requirements
Evolution of Design
R-410a Rankine Cycle Description
Component Summary & Description
III. Testing and Results
Circulation System
Ideal Rankine Cycle Results
Rankine Cycle System
IV. Conclusion
Group 17 Oceanic Thermal Energy
Conversion Model - Lockheed Martin
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Problem Statement of Project
•
To create and design an operating
Oceanic Thermal Energy Conversion
model that employs a closed Rankine
Cycle that utilizes R-410 A as the working
fluid to illustrate the viability of OTEC
power production.
Group 17 Oceanic Thermal Energy
Conversion Model - Lockheed Martin
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OTEC Description
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Oceanic Thermal Energy
Conversion
OTEC utilizes the ocean’s
20ºC natural thermal
gradient between the
warm surface water and
the cold deep sea water to
drive a Rankine Cycle
OTEC utilizes the world’s
largest solar radiation
collector - the ocean. The
ocean contains enough
energy power all of the
world’s electrical needs.
Group 17 Oceanic Thermal Energy
Conversion Model - Lockheed Martin
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Design Specifications
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Our model OTEC plant should produce
100 W of power (approximate amount to
power a laptop computer)
Dimensions cannot exceed 3 ft. deep x 8
ft. wide x 6 ft. tall
Must be easily portable
The model should be aesthetically pleasing
as well as well organized so that
individuals will be able to fully understand
the inner-workings of the Rankine Cycle
that powers the OTEC plant.
Group 17 Oceanic Thermal Energy
Conversion Model - Lockheed Martin
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OTEC Model Diagram
4. Heat extraction
from cold-water sink to
condense the working
fluid in the condenser.
3. Power output from
turbine as the vapor
isentropically expands
through turbine
Cycle begins
again
2. Heat addition from the hotwater source to evaporate the
working fluid within the heat
exchanger
1. Power input to
pressurize R-410a to
higher pressure
Group 17 Oceanic Thermal Energy
Conversion Model - Lockheed Martin
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R-410a Overview
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R-410a and R-22 have very similar
properties, but R-410a is a non-ozone
depleting refrigerant
R-22 is being phased out across the globe
due to the fact that is an ozone depleting
refrigerant.
Every major air conditioning manufacturer
in the U.S. has selected R-410a as the
replacement to R-22 in all their new
equipment.
Group 17 Oceanic Thermal Energy
Conversion Model - Lockheed Martin
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R410-a P-h Diagram Rankine Cycle
Group 17 Oceanic Thermal Energy
Conversion Model - Lockheed Martin
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Evolution of Model Designs
Group 17 Oceanic Thermal Energy
Conversion Model - Lockheed Martin
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Analysis and Part Selection
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Our analysis led us to
the specs needed for
part selection based
on our theoretical
Rankine Cycle
Calculations included
heat transfer through
heat exchangers,
piping losses, pump
sizing, and turbine
power expectations
Group 17 Oceanic Thermal Energy
Conversion Model - Lockheed Martin
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Key Part Summary – Working Fluid Pump
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Hypro Piston Pump
Maximum rating of
2.20 GPM and 500 psi
Input power provided
by a ¾ HP electric
motor
Due to the pump
ratings exceeding the
specs of our system
we were forced to
throttle the fluid down
to the appropriate
pressure and flow rate
Group 17 Oceanic Thermal Energy
Conversion Model - Lockheed Martin
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Key Part Summary – Heat Exchangers
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Alfa Laval Brazed
Plate Type Heat
Exchangers
4.27/6.22” x 4.37” x
20.71”
Both condenser and
evaporator are same
design of heat
exchanger with
slightly different
dimensions
Group 17 Oceanic Thermal Energy
Conversion Model - Lockheed Martin
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Key Part Summary - Turbine
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Utilized the turbine
side of an automotive
turbocharger to
produce our power
output
Compressor wheel and
housing were intended
to be removed so that
we could connect the
output shaft to a
generator
Group 17 Oceanic Thermal Energy
Conversion Model - Lockheed Martin
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Finalized System
Group 17 Oceanic Thermal Energy
Conversion Model - Lockheed Martin
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Testing and Results – Circulation Systems
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Both circulation
systems are
functioning.
Flow rates from both
pumps were measured
at approximately 720
GPH
This is slightly less
than calculated, but
the pumps need to
run continually for five
hours before they are
able to produce their
maximum flow rates.
Group 17 Oceanic Thermal Energy
Conversion Model - Lockheed Martin
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Ideal Rankine Cycle Results
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Working fluid pump requires .57 HP to
produce 2.10 GPM 300 psi.
Based on our ideal calculations, this would
ideally produce 2600W of power to the
turbine.
This gives our system an ideal back work
ratio (ratio between work input to the
pump and work output from the turbine)
of .163
Ideal efficiency of our system would be
7.3%
Group 17 Oceanic Thermal Energy
Conversion Model - Lockheed Martin
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Testing & Results – Rankine Cycle
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Based on our instrumentation
(temperature gauges after both heat
exchangers and pressure gauges after the
pump, throttling valve, and turbine) we
planned to match our system to the
theoretical Rankine Cycle.
Due to our inability to find leakages within
our system we were unable to test and
compare our cycle to the theoretical cycle
described earlier.
Group 17 Oceanic Thermal Energy
Conversion Model - Lockheed Martin
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Conclusion
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Our system is well organized and
illustrates the working components of an
OTEC system.
Our system sets the ground work for a
miniature OTEC model, and could be made
working with minimal changes.
Improvements could be made by changing
to a smaller working fluid pump to
decrease the work input to the system.
With the present components, our system
greatly exceeds the necessary power input
and output.
Group 17 Oceanic Thermal Energy
Conversion Model - Lockheed Martin
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Group 17 Webpage
http://www.eng.fsu.edu/ME_senior_design/2008/team17/Index.html
Group 17 Oceanic Thermal Energy
Conversion Model - Lockheed Martin
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Questions & Comments?
Group 17 Oceanic Thermal Energy
Conversion Model - Lockheed Martin
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