Transcript 2 Tacticity

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Welcome
This is a document to explains the chosen concept to the
animator.
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This will take you through a 5 section process to provide the
necessary details to the animator before starting the animation.
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The legend on the left will indicate the current status of the
document. The big Black coloured number will denote the current
section, the Grey color would denote the completed sections,
and the Turquoise color would denote the remaining sections.
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The slides having yellow background (like this one) are the
'Instruction slides'
Brief description of the animation (1 or 2
sentences)• This animation is about tacticity of polymers (polypropylene in particular).
• It highlights the structure and properties of polymers with different tacticity
Related LOs:
> Prior Viewing –Chirality, stereochemistry

>
Future Viewing –Helical structure of isotactic polymers
Course Name: Polymeric Materials/Introduction to Macromolecules Level UG/PG
 Author(s) :J. Vijay Prasad, Simple Kumar
Mentor:Dr. Abhijit P Deshpande

*The contents in this ppt are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 India license
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Learning objectives
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After interacting with this Learning Object, the
learner will be able to:
 Draw structures of polymers with different
TACTICITY.
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 Explain the importance of stereochemical
structures
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GENERAL
INSTRUCTIONS
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Master layout or diagram
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Make a schematic diagram of the concept
Explain the animator about the beginning and ending of the
process.
Draw image big enough for explaining.
In the image, identify and label different components of the
process/phenomenon. (These are like characters in a film)
Illustrate the basic flow of action by using arrows. Use BOLD
lines in the diagram (minimum 2pts.)
In the slide after that, provide the definitions of ALL the labels
used in the diagram
You may have multiple master layouts.
• In this case, number the master layout.
(e.g. Master layout 1, 2, 3…)
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Overall Master Layout
GROUPING
MONOMERS
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Overall Master Layout
GROUPING
MONOMERS
HEAD-TAIL
CONFIGURATION
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Overall Master Layout
GROUPING
MONOMERS
HEAD-TAIL
CONFIGURATION
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TACTICITY IN
POLYMERS
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Overall Master Layout
GROUPING
MONOMERS
HEAD-TAIL
CONFIGURATION
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PROPERTIES
AND USES
TACTICITY IN
POLYMERS
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Definitions and Keywords
1.
TACTICITY:
Tacticity is the relative stereochemistry of adjacent chiral centres within
a macromolecule.
2.
STEREOCHEMISTRY AND CONFIGURATION
In stereochemistry, we describe the spatial arrangements of
atoms within a molecule. A specific arrangement is called
configuration of a molecule.
CHIRAL CENTER
An asymmetric atom with no internal plane of symmetry and
which is not superimposable on its mirror image
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3.
4.
5.
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POLYMERS OR MACROMOLECULES:
A polymer or macromolecule is a large molecule composed of repeating
structural units. These subunits are typically connected by covalent
chemical bonds
MONOMER
An atom or a small molecule that can bind chemically to other
monomers to form a polymer
r
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Definitions and Keywords
6.
+ Configuration:
If an enantiomer rotates the light clockwise (as seen
by a viewer towards whom the light is traveling), that
enantiomer is labeled (+)
7.
- Configuration:
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If an enantiomer rotates the light anti-clockwise (as seen
by a viewer towards whom the light is traveling), that
enantiomer is labeled (-)
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8.
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Enantiomer:
An enantiomer is one of two strereoisomers that
are mirror images of each other that are nonsuperposable (not identical)
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Explain the process
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In this step, use an example to explain the concept. It
can be an analogy, a scenario, or an action which
explains this concept/process/topic
Try to use examples from day-to-day life to make it
more clear
You have to describe what steps the animator should
take to make your concept come alive as a series of
moving images.
Keep the examples simple to understand, and also to
illustrate/animate.
MASTER LAYOUT 1
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GROUPING MONOMERS
(DESCRIBING TACTICITY)
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DIADS
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MESO DIADS (m)
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RACEMO DIADS
(r)
TRIADS
HIGHER
GROUPS
ISOTACTIC
TRIAD (mm)
SYNDIOTACTIC
TRIAD (rr)
HETEROTACTIC
TRIAD (rm)
TETRAD,
PENTAD etc
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TO THE ANIMATOR (FOR SLIDE 13)The blocks must appear in the order shown in the presentation.
STEP-1 : The red block should fade in first, then all the yellow blocks
should appear at the same time.
STEP-2 : the green blocks should slowly appear.
STEP-3 : the blue blocks should slowly appear.
STEP-4 : the dark grey block should slowly appear.
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Two adjacent structural units in a polymer constitute a Diad. Let
us look at repeating units of propylene to understand diad.
MESO
DIAD(m)
If two consecutive
configurations have the same
absolute configuration (e.g.
++ or - -), the diad is a meso
diad
RACEMO
DIAD(r)
If the consecutive
configuration have different
absolute configuration (e.g.
+ - or - +), the diad is a
racemo diad
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Configurations are referred to as +/-,
while diads are referred to as m/r.
To the Animator
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STEP 1
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3
Description of the action
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5
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Redraw all the figures as explained
in the slides 39 and 40
The figure and the DT should
appear at the same time.
Audio Narration
(if any)
<none>
Text to be displayed
(DT)
Meso diad
<@below the
figure>
To the Animator
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STEP 2
2
G
G’
3
Description of the action
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4
•
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5
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The letters ‘ G’ ’ and ‘ G ‘ should
appear on the spheres shown.
The DT should appear to the right
side of the image
See that in the figure you draw G
and G’ are at the same horizontal
position.
Everything should else should
remain same as before.
The DT should fade away.
Audio Narration
(if any)
<none>
Text to be displayed
(DT)
G and G’ are same
<@right of the
image>
To the Animator
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STEP 3
2
G
G’
3
Description of the action
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4
•
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Everything should else should
remain same as before
An axis should appear in the centre
of the image as shown.
The image should be shown
rotating by 90 degrees in the anti
clockwise direction.
Audio Narration
(if any)
<none>
Text to be displayed
(DT)
Meso diad
<@below the
figure>
To the Animator
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STEP 4
2
G
G’
3
Description of the action
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4
•
•
5
•
After doing so you should get an image
looking as above where G’ is in front of
G
CONVENTION:The group in front will be
shown smaller concentrically here G’ is
shown by a smaller green circle and G
by a larger green circle which is behind
G’.
The grey circles are the white spheres in
the image.
After the rotation is complete display the
DT
Audio Narration
(if any)
<none>
Text to be displayed
(DT)
Meso Diad
<@below the
figure>
Both groups are on
the same side.
To the Animator
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STEP 5
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3
Description of the action
•
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5
•
Redraw all the figures as explained
in the previous slide
The figure and the DT should
appear at the same time.
Audio Narration
(if any)
<none>
Text to be displayed
(DT)
Meso diad
<@below the
figure>
To the Animator
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STEP 6
G’
2
G
3
Description of the action
•
4
•
•
•
5
•
The letters ‘ G’ ’ and ‘ G ‘ should
appear on the spheres shown.
The DT should appear to the right
side of the image
See that in the figure you draw G
and G’ are at the same horizontal
position.
Everything should else should
remain same as before.
The DT should fade away.
Audio Narration
(if any)
<none>
Text to be displayed
(DT)
G and G’ are same
<@right of the
image>
To the Animator
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STEP 7
G’
2
G
3
Description of the action
•
4
•
•
5
Everything should else should
remain same as before
An axis should appear in the centre
of the image as shown.
The image should be shown
rotating by 90 degrees in the anti
clockwise direction.
Audio Narration
(if any)
<none>
Text to be displayed
(DT)
Meso diad
<@below the
figure>
again
To the Animator
1
STEP 8
2
G
G’
3
Description of the action
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4
•
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next
After doing so you should get an image
looking as above
The grey circles are the white spheres in
the image.
After the rotation is complete display the
DT
Provide a next button at a bottom corner
to go to the next part of the animation.
Provide an “again” button as shown, to
go back to slide 15.
Audio Narration
(if any)
<none>
Text to be displayed
(DT)
Meso Diad
<@below the
figure>
Both groups are on
the opposite side.
<@right side of the
image>
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The stereochemistry of macromolecules can be defined precisely
with the introduction of triads.
ISOTACTIC
An isotactic triad (mm) is
made up of two adjacent
meso diad
m
m
r
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SYNDIOTACTIC
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HETEROTACTIC
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next
A syndiotactic triad (rr)
consists of two adjacent
racemo Diads
A heterotactic triad (rm or
mr) is composed of a meso
diad adjacent to a racemo
diad.
r
m
r
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TO THE ANIMATOR (FOR SLIDE 24)-
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• Follow the same sequence and flow as shown in
the presentation
• Provide a next button at a bottom corner to go to
the next part of the animation.
again
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More steric hindrance
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next
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tail_head_isomerism.svg
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TO THE ANIMATOR (FOR SLIDE 26)-
2
• Follow the same sequence and flow as shown in the
presentation
• Provide a next button at a bottom corner to go to the next part
of the animation.
• Provide an “again” button as shown, to go back to step 1.
Original image source
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•
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tail_head_isomerism.svg
•
http://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/tlplib/polymerbasics/stereoregularity.php
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AUDIO NARRATION (To be played after the animation)
“In most cases monomers are joined in the head-tail
configuration since it involves least steric hindrance.”
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TACTICITY
IN
POLYMERS
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ISOTACTIC
SYNDIOTACTIC
ATACTIC
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TO THE ANIMATOR (FOR SLIDE-28)
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STEP-1: Fade in the red block
STEP-2: The arrows should appear
STEP-3: The yellow block should fade-in
STEP-4: The violet block should fade-in
STEP-5: The green block should fade-in
The time between each step should be synchronized
with the audio narration
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AUDIO NARRATION (corresponding to each step):
STEP-1: “There are three types of tacticities that exist in polymers.”
STEP-2: <NONE>
STEP-3: “Isotacticity”
STEP-4: “Syndiotacticity”
STEP-5: “Atacticity”
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ISOTACTICITY
 All the substituents are located on the same side of the macromolecular backbone.
 An isotactic macromolecule consists of 100% meso Diads.
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http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Isotactic-3D-balls.png
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In syndiotactic or syntactic macromolecules the substituents have alternate positions
along the chain. The macromolecule consists 100% of racemo Diads.
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http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Syndiotactic-3D-balls.png
again
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In atactic macromolecules the substituents are placed randomly along the
chain. The percentage of meso Diads is between 0 and 100%.
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next
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Atactic-3D-balls.png
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TO THE ANIMATOR (FOR SLIDES 30 to 32)-
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3
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• Follow the same sequence and flow as shown in the
presentation
• Provide a next button at a bottom corner to go to the next part
of the animation.
• Provide an “again” button as shown, to go back to step 1.
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Stepwise description of process
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The goal of the document is to provide instructions to an
animator who is not a expert.
You have to describe what steps the animator should take to
make your concept come alive as a moving visualization.
Use one slide per step. This will ensure clarity of the
explanation.
Add a image of the step in the box, and the details in the table
below the box.
You can use any images for reference, but mention about it's
copyright status

The animator will have to re-draw / re-create the drawings

Add more slides as per the requirement of the animation
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TO THE ANIMATOR
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3
• Redraw a 3-D structure of the molecules ‘A’ and
‘B’ shown in the next slide
• Note that all the black balls form bonds at
perfect tetrahedron angles.
• The red and blue bands in the molecules are
important and they should be incorporated.
• It is necessary for these A and B to be
flipped and rotated in the subsequent slides.
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Use your new molecules instead of ‘A’ and ‘B’
from now on.
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For ease, X and Y have been used in these
slides. USE A IN PLACE OF X, USE B IN
PLACE OF Y
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109.5
109.5
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TO THE ANIMATOR
1
Redraw a 3-D structure of the molecule shown below without the letters and
blue markings. Note that all the marked balls are in the same plane.
Use your new molecules instead of “PROPENE” from now on.
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3
PROPENE
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http://chemistry.about.com/od/factsstructures/ig/Chemical-Structures---P/Propene.-i-X.htm
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109.5
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109.5
fig.1
TO THE ANIMATOR(About the chain structure)
• Every black ball is the common point of two perpendicular “V”s with the
angle in the “V”=109.5 degrees.
• Projecting the chain in the direction of the arrow gives us fig.1
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z
y
x
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TO THE ANIMATOR
• Redraw the above chain in 3D such that the chain or a part of it can
be rotated about the x, y and z axes.
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Step 1:
T1:Polymer Chain
STEP-1
1
Description of the
action
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•
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3
4
5
Polymer Chain
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•
Redraw the chain.
The chain should fade in at the top
of screen.
The DT should fade in just after
the chain fades in.
The DT should fade out as the
audio narration is over.
Audio Narration
(if any)
“Consider a polymer, poly
propylene made up of
many repeating units or
monomers.”
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Polymer main
chain
<@ center of the
screen>
Polymer Chain
1
2
3
4
5
Step 2:
STEP-2
Polymer Chain
1
Description of the action
•
•
2
3
4
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First the DT should fade in below
the chain
A circle should appear over any
two dots in the center.
Audio Narration
(if any)
<none>
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Looking Closely
<@ bottom center
of the screen>
Polymer Chain
1
Step 3:
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3
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A
STEP-3
Polymer Chain
1
Description of the action
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2
•
•
•
3
4
5
•
•
Redraw the figure shown below
the chain with A and thick., dashed
line coming out of the red and blue
ends.
First the arrow should appear to
move out below from the circle.
The figure shown should fade in.
The DT should fade out. After the
audio narration in over.
Then the chain, the arrow and the
circle should move out from the
top.
Do not include the black arrow and
the figure name- “A”- in the final
animation.
Audio Narration
(if any)
“Taking a closer look at
the chain, the chain is
made of several repeating
propylene units”
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
One possibility
<@ bottom center
of the screen>
1
Step 4:
Structural unit
A
2
3
4
PROPENE
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STEP-4
Structural unit
1
Description of the action
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•
2
3
4
5
•
•
The figure with ‘A’ should move up.
An arrow should fade in from tail to
head.
The figure “PROPENE” along with
the DT should fade in below
Do not include the black arrows
and the figure names- ”A” and
“PROPENE”- in the final
animation.
Audio Narration
(if any)
These structural units are
derived from the organic
compound- propylene.
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Propylene
<@ near
“PROPENE”>.
1
Step 5:
T5: Consider the polymer chain again
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3
4
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B
STEP-5
Consider the polymer chain again
1
Description of the action
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2
•
•
3
•
•
•
•
4
5
Redraw the figure shown below
the chain with B and thick., dashed
line coming out of the red and blue
ends.
First The DT should fade in at the
bottom center of the screen.
The arrow should appear to move
out below from the circle.
The figure shown should fade in.
The DT should fade out. After the
audio narration in over.
Then the chain, the arrow and the
circle should move out from the
top.
Do not include the black arrow and
the figure name- “B”- in the final
animation.
Audio Narration
(if any)
Another repeating unit
different from the previous
one also exists in
polypropylene.
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
One more
possibility
<@ bottom center
of the screen>
Consider the polymer chain again
1
Step 6:
B
2
3
4
PROPENE
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STEP-6
Consider the polymer chain again
1
Description of the action
•
•
2
3
4
5
•
•
Audio Narration
(if any)
The figure with ‘B’ should move up. Even these are obtained
An arrow should fade in from tail to from propene.
head.
The figure “PROPENE” along with
the DT should fade in below.
Do not include the black arrows
and the figure names- ”A” and
“PROPENE”- in the final
animation.
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Propene
<@ near
“PROPENE”>
1
2
3
4
5
Step 7:
T7: Two different monomers
STEP-7
Two different monomers
1
Description of the action
•
•
2
3
4
5
The screen should be cleared first.
The whole screen shown with A,B
should appear
Audio Narration
(if any)
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Due to the presence of the <none>
methyl group in propylene,
the steric factors result in
only two stable structural
possibilities of the
monomer.
1
Step 8:
T8: Enantiomers
again
new
new
2
3
4
next
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STEP-8
Enantiomers
1
Description of the action
•
2
3
•
•
•
•
4
•
•
•
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5
•
The structure ‘A’ should shown
rotated about an axis perpendicular
to the screen between the coloured
bands till you get the ‘new A’ shown .
The structure ‘B’ should be rotated
(a) about an axis on the screen by
180 degrees in the anti clockwise
direction. (b) then about an axis
perpendicular to the screen between
the coloured bands till you get the
‘new B’ shown.
Fade in DT-1
Fade out DT-2 after a few seconds
Then rotate the ‘new A’ about an axis
on the screen in the middle of the
structure in the anti clockwise
direction by 180 degrees.
Fade in DT-2
Fade out DT-2 after a few seconds
Provide a next button at a bottom
corner to go to the next part of the
animation.
Provide an “again” button as shown,
to go back to step 1.
DO NOT DISPLAY THE RED TEXT
ABOVE A AND B “new”
Audio Narration
(if any)
<none>
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
DT-1
Monomers A and B
are enantiomers.
DT-2
A and B are
different.
<@ bottom centre
of the screen>
1
2
3
4
5
Step 9:
Enantiomers
STEP-9
Enantiomers
1
Description of the action
•
2
3
4
5
The screen should be as shown
after the next button is pressed.
Audio Narration
(if any)
<none>
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
<none>
1
2
3
4
5
Step 10: T10: Isotactic polypropylene
STEP-10
Isotactic polypropylene
1
Description of the action
•
2
3
4
5
•
A single monomer ‘A’ should
appear to fly in from the top left
corner to the left of the screen.
Synchronize the audio narration to
go on for atleast three slides
Audio Narration
(if any)
The head to tail
arrangement of
enantiomeric units of the
same steric configuration
yields polypropylene with
a specific structure
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
<none>
1
2
3
4
5
Step 11: T11: Isotactic polypropylene
STEP-11
Isotactic polypropylene
1
Description of the action
•
2
3
4
5
Monomer ‘A’ should appear to
come from the top left and join end
to end with a line in between
Audio Narration
(if any)
<none>
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
<none>
1
2
3
4
5
Step 12: T12: Isotactic polypropylene
STEP-12
Isotactic polypropylene
1
Description of the action
•
2
3
4
5
Monomer ‘A’ should appear to
come from the top left and join end
to end with a line in between
Audio Narration
(if any)
<none>
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
<none>
1
2
3
4
5
Step 13: T10: Isotactic polypropylene
STEP-13
Isotactic polypropylene
1
Description of the action
•
2
3
4
5
Monomer ‘A’should appear to
come from the top left and join end
to end with a line in between.
Audio Narration
(if any)
<none>
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
<none>
1
Step 14: T14: Isotactic polypropylene
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3
4
5
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Isotactic-polypropylene-3D-balls.png
STEP-14
Isotactic polypropylene
1
Description of the action
•
2
•
•
3
4
5
Next the lines in between should
appear to shorten and all the A
must join to form a chain
While joining, the coloured bands
should disappear
Redraw the chains also.
Audio Narration
(if any)
All chiral carbons have the
same stereochemistry in
Polypropylene formed in
this manner
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
<none>
1
Step 15: T15: Isotactic polypropylene
2
3
m
4
5
STEP-15
Isotactic polypropylene
1
Description of the action
•
•
2
3
4
5
•
•
•
•
The screen should first be blank
Then in the top to bottom order
images should appear.
Redraw all the chains
Start audio narration
When saying meso diads “m”
should jump between green balls.
Provide a next button at a bottom
corner to go to the next part of the
animation..
Audio Narration
(if any)
This polymer is isotactic
polypropylene and is
composed of 100% mesodiads.
In isotactic polypropylene
all the methyl groups are
oriented in the same
direction.
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
<none>
1
2
3
4
5
Step 16: T16: isotactic polypropylene
STEP-16
Isotactic polypropylene
1
Description of the action
•
2
3
4
5
The screen should be as shown
after the next button is pressed.
Audio Narration
(if any)
<none>
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
<none>
1
2
3
4
5
Step 17: T17: Isotactic polypropylene
STEP-17
Isotactic polypropylene
1
Description of the action
•
2
3
4
5
A single monomer ‘B’ should
appear to fly in from the top right
corner to the left of the screen.
Audio Narration
(if any)
Similarly see for yourself
how the head tail
arrangement of
enantiomer only, also
leads to the formation of
isotactic polypropylene
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
<none>
1
2
3
4
5
Step 18: T18: Isotactic polypropylene
STEP-1
Isotactic polypropylene
1
Description of the action
•
2
3
4
5
Monomer ‘B’ should appear to
come from the top left and join end
to end with a line in between
Audio Narration
(if any)
<none>
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
<none>
1
2
3
4
5
Step 19: T19: Isotactic polypropylene
STEP-19
Isotactic polypropylene
1
Description of the action
•
2
3
4
5
Monomer ‘B’ should appear to
come from the top left and join end
to end with a line in between
Audio Narration
(if any)
<none>
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
<none>
1
2
3
4
5
Step 20: T20: Isotactic polypropylene
STEP-20
Isotactic polypropylene
1
Description of the action
•
2
3
4
5
Monomer ‘B’ should appear to
come from the top left and join end
to end with a line in between
Audio Narration
(if any)
<none>
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
<none>
1
2
3
4
5
Step 21: T21: Isotactic polypropylene
STEP-21
Isotactic polypropylene
1
Description of the action
•
2
•
•
3
4
5
•
Next the lines in between should
appear to shorten and all the B
must join to form a chain.
Please plug in the chain obtained
by joining “B’ as described in the
place of “FIGURE”.
While joining, the coloured bands
should disappear
Redraw the chains in 3D.
Audio Narration
(if any)
<none>
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
<none>
1
Step 22: T22: Isotactic polypropylene
2
m
3
m
m
m
4
5
m
STEP-22
Isotactic polypropylene
1
Description of the action
•
2
3
4
5
•
•
•
•
•
FIGURE” can also be obtained by
using the figure in the top left
corner in the place of green balls in
the bottom figure.
The screen should first be blank
Then in the top to bottom order
images should appear.
Redraw all the chains in 3D
When saying meso Diads in the
audio narration, “m” should jump
between green balls.
Provide a next button at a bottom
corner to go to the next part of the
animation.
Audio Narration
(if any)
See for yourself that the
isotactic polypropylene
formed this way is same
as the one formed before.
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
<none>
1
Step 23:
again
T23: “DISPLAYED TEXT”
next
2
3
ROTATE
4
ROTATE
5
STEP-23
1
Description of the action
•
•
2
3
4
•
•
•
•
5
The initial screen should look as
shown
Provide a rotate button for each
chain as shown that (on clicking)
rotates the chain about the axis
(blue dashed line) shown, in the
anti clockwise direction by 180
degrees.
Do not include the axes in the final
animation.
Note that after one rotation as
described above, the rotated chain
should match with the other
original chain because both the
chains are identical
Provide a next button at the top
corner to go to the next part of the
animation.
Provide an “again” button as
shown, to go back to step 9
Audio Narration
(if any)
See for yourself that the
isotactic polypropylene
formed this way is same
as the one formed before.
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
Click to rotate
1
2
3
4
5
Step 24: T24: syndiotactic polypropylene
STEP-24
syndiotactic polypropylene
1
Description of the action
•
2
3
4
5
The screen should be as shown
after the next button is pressed.
Audio Narration
(if any)
<none>
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
<none>
1
2
3
4
5
Step 25: T25: syndiotactic polypropylene
STEP-25
syndiotactic polypropylene
1
Description of the action
•
2
3
4
5
•
A single monomer ‘A’ should
appear to fly in from the top left
corner to the left of the screen.
Synchronize the audio narration to
go on up to step 29
Audio Narration
(if any)
The head to tail
arrangement of
enantiomeric units of
alternate steric
configuration yields
polypropylene with a
specific structure
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
<none>
1
2
3
4
5
Step 26: T26: syndiotactic polypropylene
STEP-26
syndiotactic polypropylene
1
Description of the action
•
2
3
4
5
Monomer ‘B’ should appear to
come from the top left and join end
to end with a line in between
Audio Narration
(if any)
<none>
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
<none>
1
2
3
4
5
Step 27: T27: syndiotactic polypropylene
STEP-27
syndiotactic polypropylene
1
Description of the action
•
2
3
4
5
Monomer ‘A’ should appear to
come from the top left and join end
to end with a line in between
Audio Narration
(if any)
<none>
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
<none>
1
2
3
4
5
Step 28: T28: syndiotactic polypropylene
STEP-28
syndiotactic polypropylene
1
Description of the action
•
2
3
4
5
Monomer ‘B’ should appear to
come from the top left and join end
to end with a line in between
Audio Narration
(if any)
<none>
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
<none>
1
Step 29: T29: syndiotactic polypropylene
2
3
4
5
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ISyndiotactic-polypropylene-3D-balls.png
STEP-29
syndiotactic polypropylene
1
Description of the action
•
2
3
4
5
•
•
Audio Narration
(if any)
Next the lines in between should
<none>
appear to shorten and all the A and
B join alternately to form a chain
While joining, the coloured bands
should disappear
Redraw the chains in 3D.
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
<none>
1
Step 30: T30: syndiotactic polypropylene
again
2
3
4
5
r
r
r
r
r
next
STEP-30
syndiotactic polypropylene
1
Description of the action
•
•
2
3
4
5
•
•
•
•
•
The screen should first be blank
Then in the top to bottom order
images should appear.
Redraw all the chains
Start audio narration
When saying racemo diads “r”
should jump between green balls.
Provide a next button at a bottom
corner to go to the next part of the
animation.
Provide an “again” button as
shown, to go back to step 24.
Audio Narration
(if any)
This polymer is
syndiotactic polypropylene
and is composed of 100%
racemo-diads.
In syndiotactic
polypropylene all the
methyl groups are
oriented in the alternate
direction.
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
<none>
1
2
3
4
5
Step 31: T31: Atactic polypropylene
STEP-31
Atactic polypropylene
1
Description of the action
•
2
3
4
5
The screen should be as shown
after the next button is pressed.
Audio Narration
(if any)
<none>
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
<none>
1
2
3
4
5
Step 32: T32: Atactic polypropylene
STEP-32
Atactic polypropylene
1
Description of the action
•
2
3
4
5
•
A single monomer ‘A’ should
appear to fly in from the top left
corner to the left of the screen.
Synchronize the audio narration to
go on for atleast three slides
Audio Narration
(if any)
The head to tail
arrangement of
enantiomeric units of
random steric
configuration results in the
formation of atactic
polypropylene.
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
<none>
1
2
3
4
5
Step 33: T33: Atactic polypropylene
STEP-33
Atactic polypropylene
1
Description of the action
•
2
3
4
5
Monomer ‘A’ should appear to
come from the top left and join end
to end with a line in between
Audio Narration
(if any)
<none>
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
<none>
1
2
3
4
5
Step 34: T34: Consider a polymer chain
STEP-34
Atactic polypropylene
1
Description of the action
•
2
3
4
5
Monomer ‘A’should appear to
come from the top left and join end
to end with a line in between
Audio Narration
(if any)
<none>
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
<none>
1
2
3
4
5
Step 35: T35: Atactic polypropylene
STEP-35
Atactic polypropylene
1
Description of the action
•
2
3
4
5
Monomer ‘B’ should appear to
come from the top left and join end
to end with a line in between
Audio Narration
(if any)
<none>
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
<none>
1
2
3
4
5
Step 36: T36: Consider a polymer chain
STEP-36
Atactic polypropylene
1
Description of the action
•
2
3
4
5
Monomer ‘B’ should appear to
come from the top left and join end
to end with a line in between
Audio Narration
(if any)
<none>
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
<none>
1
2
3
4
5
Step 37: T37: Atactic polypropylene
STEP-37
Atactic polypropylene
1
Description of the action
•
2
•
•
3
4
5
•
Next the lines in between should
appear to shorten and all the “A”
and “B” must join to form a chain.
Please plug in the chain obtained
by joining “A” and “B” as
described, in the place of
“FIGURE”.
While joining, the coloured bands
should disappear
Redraw the chains in 3D
Audio Narration
(if any)
<none>
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
<none>
1
Step 38: T38: Atactic polypropylene
again
2
3
m
m
r
m
r
4
5
next
STEP-38
Atactic polypropylene
1
Description of the action
•
2
3
•
•
•
•
•
•
4
5
•
FIGURE” can also be obtained by
using the figure in the top left
corner in the place of green balls in
the bottom figure.
The screen should first be blank
Then in the top to bottom order
images should appear.
Redraw all the chains in 3D
Start the audio narration
While saying “randomly” in the
audio narration, “m” and “r” should
appear between green balls one at
a time, one by one.
Provide a next button at a bottom
corner to go to the next part of the
animation.
Provide an “again” button as
shown, to go back to step 31.
Audio Narration
(if any)
In Atactic polypropylene
the methyl groups are
randomly oriented in
either directions.
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
<none>
1
TO THE ANIMATOR
2
3
4
5
A rough idea of the flow for the animations described above is
given in the next three slides.
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Why is tacticity important?
Stereochemistry
Relative
Arrangement of
Macromolecules
Hence polymers
with
different tacticity
have
different bulk
behaviour.
Title- Why is tacticity important?
1
Description of the action
•
•
2
3
4
5
•
First the title should appear on the
top
The red, green and blue blocks
should appear sequentially as
shown.
The audio narration should be
synchronized with the appearing of
the coloured blocks.
Audio Narration
(if any)
1) We have learnt that
stereochemistry is
important while
forming a
macromolecule.
2) Similarly, it is also
important for
arrangements of
macromolecules
with respect to each
other.
3) This is why polymers
with different
tacticity have
different bulk
behaviour.
Text to be
displayed
(DT)
<none>
1
Why is tacticity important?
2
Tacticity affects the physical properties
3
4
5
-Atactic polymers will generally be amorphous, soft,
flexible materials
-Isotactic and syndiotactic polymers will be more
crystalline, thus harder and less flexible
1
Isotactic polypropylene
2
3
Hinges
4
• Excellent flexural
fatigue resistance
• Crystalline
5
Straps
Bags
1
Atactic polypropylene
2
3
4
5
• Main component of
Hot Melt Adhesive
(HMA)
• Amorphous
http://image.made-in-china.com/2f0j00OMDTHCbhCIkL/Hot-Melt-Glue-Gun-668-.jpg
1
Syndiotactic polypropylene
2
3
4
• High clarity, thermal and
electrical resistance
• Crystalline
5
Food wraps
http://www.tootoo.com/show/pro_photo.php?pid=1527240
http://www2.dupont.com/Plastics/en_US/assets/images/News/cable_ehi.jpg
1
Animation design
•
2
•
•
3
4
5
Please see the design template provided in the next
slide.
This is a sample template, and you are free to change
as per your design requirements.
Try and rename the tabs / buttons / sections /
subsections as shown in the template.
Slide 3
•
Use ‘callouts’ as shown above to explain the source of
content. Ex: If the call out is placed at the Tab 01,
and you want the content to be taken from slide 3 of
this presentation, then place this callout on the Tab
01, and write ‘Slide 3’ inside the callout.
Slide
13
Slide
26
Slide
28
Grouping
monomers
Head-tail
arrangement
Introduction
To tacticity
Name of the section/stage
Slide
101
TACTICITY
Enantiomeric
monomers
slide 41
Isotacticity
Slide 57
Animation area
Syndiotacticity
Slide
121
Atacticity
Properties
Slide 87
Interactivity
area
Slide
130
Build your
polymer
Instructions/ Working area
Credits
1
Interactivity and Boundary limits

2



3
4
5

In this section, you will add the ‘Interactivity’ options to the
animation.
Use the template in the next slide to give the details.
Insert the image of the step/s (explained earlier in the Section
3) in the box, and provide the details in the table below.
The details of Interactivity could be:

Types: Drop down, Slider bar, Data inputs etc.

Options: Select one, Multiple selections etc

Boundary Limits: Values of the parameters, which won’t show
results after a particular point

Results: Explain the effect of the interaction in this column
Add more slides if necessary
1
Interactivity option 1: Step No: 1
Main screen
Create
2
3
Interactivity
type
Drag and
connect
4
5
Instruction to
the learner
Boundary
limits
Create an
isotactic,
syndiotactic
or an attactic
polypropylen
e by joining
the
enantiomers
in a seqence.
Drag A or B
to the main
screen and
join them
Maximum
of 6
molecules
(A or B)
can be
joined
Instructions for the animator
Results and Output
The initial screen should look
like above
The learner will have a
complete understanding of the
structure of tactic molecules.
NOtE: THE INTERACTIVITY
TO BE INCLUDED AS A
SEPARATE TAB
1
Interactivity option 1: Step No: 2
Main screen
Create
2
3
Interactivity
type
Drag and
connect
4
5
Instruction to
the learner
Boundary
limits
Create an
isotactic,
syndiotactic
or an attactic
polypropylen
e by joining
the
enantiomers
in a seqence.
Just drag A
or B to the
main screen
and join them
A
maximum
of 6
molecules
can be
joined
Instructions for the animator
Learner must be able to drag
and join A and B end to end
create a chain of A and B .
*an example is shown above
Results and Output
The learner will have a
complete understanding of the
structure of tactic molecules.
1
Interactivity option 1: Step No: 3
Main screen
Create
2
3
4
5
Interactivity
type
Instruction to
the learner
Boundary
limits
Drag and
connect
Create an
isotactic,
syndiotactic
or an attactic
polypropylen
e by joining
the
enantiomers
in a seqence.
Just drag A
or B to the
main screen
and join them
A
maximum
of 6
molecules
can be
joined
Instructions for the animator
Results and Output
The red and blue bands
should disappear after joining
to get a final chain
The learner will have a
complete understanding of the
structure of tactic molecules.
*an example is shown above
APPENDIX 1
Self- Assessment Questionnaire for Learners
•
Please provide a set of questions that a user can answer based
on the LO. They can be of the following types:
–
These questions should be 5 in number and can be of
objective type (like MCQ, Match the columns, Yes or No,
Sequencing, Odd One Out).
–
The questions can also be open-ended. The user would be
asked to think about the question. The author is requested to
provide hints if possible, but a full answer is not necessary.
–
One can include questions, for which the user will need to
interact with the LO (with certain parameters) in order to
answer it.
–
It is better to avoid questions based purely on recall.
APPENDIX 1
Questionnaire:
1)______ polymer chains have adjacent
substituents in the same orientation.
2)______ polymer chains have substituents in
random orientation.
3)______ polymers are generally amorphous,
soft, flexible materials.
4)Isotactic polymers are usuallya. Semi-crystalline
b. Amorphous
Ans: 1) Isotactic 2) Atactic 3) Atactic 4) a.
APPENDIX 2
Links for further reading


In the next slide, provide some reference
reading material for the users.
It could be books, reference publications, or
website URLs.
APPENDIX 2
Links for further reading

Reference websites:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacticity

http://web.mit.edu/10.491-md/www/CourseNotes/Polymer/Chiral.html



http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=yale%20tacticity&source=web&cd=1&ve
d=0CCEQFjAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwebspace.yale.edu%2Fchem125%2F125
%2FLectureSlides%2FLecturesSpring2011%2FLect5311timed.ppt&ei=oGslT5HM
GsHQrQei3KCgCA&usg=AFQjCNEtQ_0IhcJ1d95laqcCW1H1Gu9cpw
Books:
Encyclopaedia of Polymer Science and Technology, Third edition-Herman F. Mark,
Jacqueline I. Kroschwitz; Volume-15; Chapter-“Stereoregular Linear Polymers“
•
Original Image source

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Isotactic-polypropylene-3D-balls.png

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Syndiotactic-polypropylene-3D-balls.png
APPENDIX 3
Summary
•
•
Please provide points to remember to understand the
concept/ key terms of the animation, in the next
slide.
The summary will help the user in the quick review of
the concept.
APPENDIX 3
Summary
• Tacticity is the relative stereochemistry of adjacent chiral centres within
a macromolecule.
• An isotactic polymer is one where all the chiral centers have the same
orientation.
• A syndiotactic polymer is one where the chiral centers have alternating
orientations.
• In an atactic polymer the chiral centers have random orientation.
• Tacticity plays a key role in the physical properties of a macromolecule
and gives an idea of regularity in the bulk of the polymer(crystalline or
amorphous).
• Atactic polymers are generally amorphous hence soft and flexible.
• Isotactic and syndiotactic molecules are usually crystalline and hence
harder.