Transcript TP Ch 9 PPT

ADVANCED
WORD POWER
Second Edition
BETH JOHNSON
JANET M. GOLDSTEIN
© 2011 Townsend Press
Unit Two: Chapter 9
• accolade
• edifice
• assuage
• gravity
• cacophony
• infraction
• censure
• profane
• diatribe
• somber
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
1 accolade
– noun
• Many people rushed out to try the new Thai restaurant on Wayne Avenue
after it received an accolade in a newspaper review.
• Although it was filmed in 1941, Citizen Kane continues to earn
accolades as one of the best movies ever made.
Accolade means
A. an expression of approval.
B. an apology.
C. a greeting.
Photo: Shealah Craighead
Accolades for a heroic citizen
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
1 accolade
– noun
• Many people rushed out to try the new Thai restaurant on Wayne Avenue
after it received an accolade in a newspaper review.
• Although it was filmed in 1941, Citizen Kane continues to earn
accolades as one of the best movies ever made.
Accolade means
A. an expression of approval.
B. an apology.
C. a greeting.
Photo: Shealah Craighead
Accolades for a heroic citizen
Only an expression of approval would send
so many readers out to a new restaurant.
Calling it “one of the best movies ever
made” is one of many expressions of
approval the film has earned.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
2 assuage
– verb
• My brother’s apology helped to assuage my anger at him.
• The grief one feels over the loss of a loved one never fully goes away,
but time does assuage the pain.
Assuage means
A. to increase.
B. to explain.
C. to make less severe.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
2 assuage
– verb
• My brother’s apology helped to assuage my anger at him.
• The grief one feels over the loss of a loved one never fully goes away,
but time does assuage the pain.
Assuage means
A. to increase.
B. to explain.
C. to make less severe.
Offering an apology is a way to make another person’s anger less
severe. Even though people continue to feel some grief, the passage
of time can make their pain feel less severe.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
3 cacophony
– noun
• “I bought my daughter an iPod,” Gordon confessed, “so I wouldn’t have
to listen to the cacophony that she calls music.”
• When we listen to the cacophony of orchestra members tuning their
instruments, it is hard to believe that they will soon produce a beautiful
symphony.
Cacophony means
A. harmony.
B. unpleasant noise.
C. silence.
Photo: Alterna2
Concert or cacophony?
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
3 cacophony
– noun
• “I bought my daughter an iPod,” Gordon confessed, “so I wouldn’t have
to listen to the cacophony that she calls music.”
• When we listen to the cacophony of orchestra members tuning their
instruments, it is hard to believe that they will soon produce a beautiful
symphony.
Cacophony means
A. harmony.
B. unpleasant noise.
C. silence.
Photo: Alterna2
Concert or cacophony?
The father doesn’t want to listen to
the unpleasant noise his daughter
calls music. A beautiful symphony is
contrasted with the unpleasant
noise of an orchestra tuning up.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
4 censure
– noun
• After Aaron got his ear pierced, he had to deal not only with his father’s
censure, but also with his grandfather’s sarcastic remarks and icy stares.
• Jodi’s parents were strongly opposed to her engagement. Unable to stand
up to their censure, she broke up with her boyfriend.
Censure means
A. disapproval.
B. tolerance.
C. neglect.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
4 censure
– noun
• After Aaron got his ear pierced, he had to deal not only with his father’s
censure, but also with his grandfather’s sarcastic remarks and icy stares.
• Jodi’s parents were strongly opposed to her engagement. Unable to stand
up to their censure, she broke up with her boyfriend.
Censure means
A. disapproval.
B. tolerance.
C. neglect.
Sarcastic remarks and icy stares show the grandfather’s disapproval.
If Jodi’s parents were strongly opposed to her engagement, they
probably showed their disapproval.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
5 diatribe
– noun
• A reporter covering a preacher’s sermon sat through an hour-long
diatribe about wickedness. He later wrote, “Mr. Blank spoke on sin.
He was against it.”
• The art teacher, normally soft-spoken, subjected the class to a loud
diatribe when he discovered that someone had spilled Coca-Cola on
his computer.
Diatribe means
A. a calm discussion.
B. a physical attack.
C. a verbal attack.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
5 diatribe
– noun
• A reporter covering a preacher’s sermon sat through an hour-long
diatribe about wickedness. He later wrote, “Mr. Blank spoke on sin.
He was against it.”
• The art teacher, normally soft-spoken, subjected the class to a loud
diatribe when he discovered that someone had spilled Coca-Cola on
his computer.
Diatribe means
A. a calm discussion.
B. a physical attack.
C. a verbal attack.
If the preacher spoke against sin, his hour-long sermon must have
been a verbal attack on wickedness. The teacher’s soft-spoken
manner is contrasted with his loud verbal attack on the students for
having carelessly spilled soda on his computer.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
6 edifice
– noun
• On the college’s hundredth anniversary, a plaque was put up in honor of the
architect who had designed its first edifice, now the administration building.
• The company president decided to continue to rent office space, rather than
buy a building. “It would be nice to move into a fine new edifice,” she said,
“but I’d rather spend the money on higher salaries and a better product.”
Edifice means
A. a structure.
B. an expense.
C. a design.
Photo: Jiuguang Wang
A tall
edifice
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
6 edifice
– noun
• On the college’s hundredth anniversary, a plaque was put up in honor of the
architect who had designed its first edifice, now the administration building.
• The company president decided to continue to rent office space, rather than
buy a building. “It would be nice to move into a fine new edifice,” she said,
“but I’d rather spend the money on higher salaries and a better product.”
Edifice means
A. a structure.
B. an expense.
C. a design.
Photo: Jiuguang Wang
In both items, the word building
suggests that an edifice is a
structure.
A tall
edifice
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
7 gravity
– noun
• “I’m not sure you understand the gravity of the crimes you are accused
of,” the lawyer told his client. “Do you realize you could go to prison for
a very long time?”
• The anxious parents waited in the emergency room to learn the gravity
of their son’s condition.
Gravity means
A. grief.
B. seriousness.
C. usefulness.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
7 gravity
– noun
• “I’m not sure you understand the gravity of the crimes you are accused
of,” the lawyer told his client. “Do you realize you could go to prison for
a very long time?”
• The anxious parents waited in the emergency room to learn the gravity
of their son’s condition.
Gravity means
A. grief.
B. seriousness.
C. usefulness.
Only crimes of great seriousness are punished by long prison terms.
Most parents would be anxious to find out the seriousness of the
medical condition that brought their child to the emergency room.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
8 infraction
– noun
• “In my class, there will be no texting or other cell-phone use,” said the
instructor. “Any infraction of this rule will lead to a lower grade.”
• Mrs. Hoeffel charges her kids for household infractions. For instance,
there is a five-cent fine for leaving towels on the bathroom floor and a
twenty-five-cent fine for failing to turn off the living-room lights at
bedtime.
Infraction means
A. an exception.
B. an explanation.
C. a violation.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
8 infraction
– noun
• “In my class, there will be no texting or other cell-phone use,” said the
instructor. “Any infraction of this rule will lead to a lower grade.”
• Mrs. Hoeffel charges her kids for household infractions. For instance,
there is a five-cent fine for leaving towels on the bathroom floor and a
twenty-five-cent fine for failing to turn off the living-room lights at
bedtime.
Infraction means
A. an exception.
B. an explanation.
C. a violation.
The first item describes an instructor’s rule (no texting or cell-phone
use) and the consequence for any violation (a lower grade). The
second item describes a parent’s rules (no leaving towels on floors, no
leaving lights on at bedtime) and the consequences for any violation
(cash fines).
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
9 profane
– adjective
• Karen refuses to use profane language. She says “Oh my gosh” instead
of “Oh my God.”
• Movies may get an “R” rating because of violence, sexual scenes, or
profane dialog.
Profane
language
Profane means
A. lacking reverence.
B. ungrammatical.
C. hard to understand.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
9 profane
– adjective
• Karen refuses to use profane language. She says “Oh my gosh” instead
of “Oh my God.”
• Movies may get an “R” rating because of violence, sexual scenes, or
profane dialog.
Profane
language
Profane means
A. lacking reverence.
B. ungrammatical.
C. hard to understand.
Karen thinks it would be lacking
reverence to use the word God to show
surprise. Dialog that is lacking reverence
is considered unsuitable for children.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
10 somber
– adjective
• When I saw the doctor’s somber expression, I was afraid she had bad
news for me.
• The dark colors and heavy furniture in the house give it a somber
look—I think it would be hard to laugh or even smile there.
Somber means
Photo: U.S. Air Force - Rusti Caraker
A. very serious.
B. cheerful.
C. restful.
A somber ceremony
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
10 somber
– adjective
• When I saw the doctor’s somber expression, I was afraid she had bad
news for me.
• The dark colors and heavy furniture in the house give it a somber
look—I think it would be hard to laugh or even smile there.
Somber means
Photo: U.S. Air Force - Rusti Caraker
A. very serious.
B. cheerful.
C. restful.
A somber ceremony
If the doctor had bad news for her
patient, the expression on her face
would be very serious. If it is hard to
laugh or even smile in the house, the
atmosphere must be very serious.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. accolade
B. assuage
C. cacophony
D. censure
E. diatribe
F. edifice
G. gravity
H. infraction
I. profane
J. somber
1. If parents use _________ language around children, the children
will most likely repeat it—not only at home but also in public, and
at the most embarrassing moments possible.
2. Many birds sing sweetly, but crows don’t—instead, they produce
a harsh _________ of cawing.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. accolade
B. assuage
C. cacophony
D. censure
E. diatribe
F. edifice
G. gravity
H. infraction
I. profane
J. somber
1. If parents use _________
profane language around children, the children
will most likely repeat it—not only at home but also in public, and
at the most embarrassing moments possible.
Children embarrass parents by showing disrespect for sacred things.
2. Many birds sing sweetly, but crows don’t—instead, they produce
a harsh _________
cacophony of cawing.
Sweet birdsong is contrasted with the harsh, discordant sounds of
cawing.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. accolade
B. assuage
C. cacophony
D. censure
E. diatribe
F. edifice
G. gravity
H. infraction
I. profane
J. somber
3. Judging from the ________s the new movie has been receiving,
it’s sure to be nominated for several Academy Awards.
4. The Little League team lost the championship game, but the coach
________(e)d the kids’ disappointment by taking them out for
banana splits.
5. “Because of the ________ of the international situation,” announced
the newscaster, “we will stay on the air with constant news updates
throughout the evening.”
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. accolade
B. assuage
C. cacophony
D. censure
E. diatribe
F. edifice
G. gravity
H. infraction
I. profane
J. somber
3. Judging from the ________
accolades the new movie has been receiving,
it’s sure to be nominated for several Academy Awards.
Only movies that receive praise are nominated for Academy Awards.
4. The Little League team lost the championship game, but the coach
_________
assuaged the kids’ disappointment by taking them out for
banana splits.
Banana splits would lessen kids’ disappointment about losing a game.
5. “Because of the ________
gravity of the international situation,” announced
the newscaster, “we will stay on the air with constant news updates
throughout the evening.”
Networks often interrupt regular programming with news updates
when a situation of weighty importance is unfolding.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. accolade
B. assuage
C. cacophony
D. censure
E. diatribe
F. edifice
G. gravity
H. infraction
I. profane
J. somber
6. The doctor received a letter of ________ from the local medical
association for his negligent° treatment of a sick homeless man.
7. Jessie’s apartment house is an ornate ________ dating from
the nineteenth century.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. accolade
B. assuage
C. cacophony
D. censure
E. diatribe
F. edifice
G. gravity
H. infraction
I. profane
J. somber
6. The doctor received a letter of ________
censure from the local medical
association for his negligent° treatment of a sick homeless man.
Professional associations express rebuke or sharp criticism of members
who provide inadequate or irresponsible treatment.
7. Jessie’s apartment house is an ornate ________
edifice dating from
the nineteenth century.
An apartment house—especially an old, ornate one—can be a large,
imposing building.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. accolade
B. assuage
C. cacophony
D. censure
E. diatribe
F. edifice
G. gravity
H. infraction
I. profane
J. somber
8. Students are sent to detention for a variety of ________s, such
as fighting, talking in class, or being disrespectful to a teacher.
9. On the day of the queen’s funeral, the national radio station
played only ________ music, as if to commiserate° with a country
in mourning.
10. The nutritionist lectured passionately on the folly of eating red meat.
Then, tired and hungry after her ________, she went out to dinner
at Steak ’n’ Ribs.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. accolade
B. assuage
C. cacophony
D. censure
E. diatribe
F. edifice
G. gravity
H. infraction
I. profane
J. somber
8. Students are sent to detention for a variety of _________,
infractions such
as fighting, talking in class, or being disrespectful to a teacher.
Students are sometimes sent to detention for breaking school rules.
9. On the day of the queen’s funeral, the national radio station
played only ________
somber music, as if to commiserate° with a country
in mourning.
Solemn music would express sorrow and sympathy for mourning citizens.
10. The nutritionist lectured passionately on the folly of eating red meat.
Then, tired and hungry after her ________,
diatribe she went out to dinner
at Steak ’n’ Ribs.
If she lectured passionately against meat, she gave a bitterly critical speech.