Transcript Taiwan International Digital Earth Symposium 17 May 2007 Taipei

Building the e-science Global Lake
Ecological Observatory Network
Community
Peter Arzberger, University of California San Diego, United States
David Hamilton, University of Waikato, New Zealand
Paul Hanson, University of Wisconsin, United States
Tim Kratz, University of Wisconsin and Trout Lake Station,
United States
Fang-Pang Lin, National Center for High-performance
Computing, Taiwan
5th Taipei International Digital Earth Symposium
17 May 2007
The Convergence of Natural and Social
Science Disciplines – Deploy Spatial
Information Technology towards Better Life
Among the outstanding problems identified by this
assessment are the dire state of many of the world’s
fish stocks; the intense vulnerability of the 2 billion
people living in dry regions to the loss of ecosystem
services, including water supply; and the growing
threat to ecosystems from climate change and
nutrient pollution.
In many cases, it is literally a matter of living
on borrowed time. By using up supplies of
fresh groundwater faster than they can be
recharged, for example, we are depleting
assets at the expense of our children.
March 2005
First Step in Solving
Accepting
Blowin’ in the Wind – Bob Dylan
Water
The Defining Crisis of the Twenty-First Century
• Daily use per person (England)
– Drink: 1 to 1.5 gallons
– Wash, Toilet: 40 gallons
– Lawns: 100 gallons
• Carbohydrates
– Pound of rice: 250 to 650 gal
– Pound of wheat: 130 gal
– Pound of potatoes: 65 gal
• Meat and meat products
Annual @ Home
50 to 100 tons
Annual @ food, clothes
1500 to 2000 tons
– Hamburger (meat, ¼ lb): 3000 gal for the feed
– Quart of milk: 500 to 1,000 gal
– 1 lb Cheese (cheddar): 650 gal
• Others
– 1 lb coffee: 2,650 gal
The Convergence of Natural and Social
Science Disciplines – Deploy Spatial
Information Technology towards Better Life
• Sustainability – is a better life than alternative
• Social Science and Cultural Competence
needed to address these problems
• Community Science, Effort, Will are required
• Technology can help us understand and obtain
base-line data – needed for decisions
Optical Networks Are Becoming
the 21st Century Cyberinfrastructure Driver
Performance per Dollar Spent
Optical Fiber
(bits per second)
(Doubling time 9 Months)
Silicon Computer Chips
(Number of Transistors)
(Doubling time 18 Months)
0
1
2
3
Number of Years
Scientific American, January 2001
Data Storage
(bits per square inch)
(Doubling time 12 Months)
4
5
Source: Shigeki Goto,
shared by Jim Williams
7
National Ecological Observatory Network R&D
Cyberinfrastructure: Bringing Resources to Researchers
Web Services
metabolism models
intelligent agents
data retrieval
GlobalConnectivity M.Brown
18
20
18
16
14
12
10
16
8
6
14
4
2
12
22-Aug
Precipitation
Surface
0.5 meters
1 meter
1.5 meters
2 meters
2.5 meters
3 meters
Precipitation
20
(mm per 5 minute interval)
Water Temperature (°C)
22
Web Services
Quality control
Event detection
0
23-Aug
24-Aug
25-Aug
26-Aug
27-Aug
28-Aug
Date
Source
Liz Blood
Some Perspectives
• “…The conduct of science, intrinsically global, has
become increasingly important to addressing critical
global issues… .” [NSB 2000]
•
Spread of Infectious Diseases, eg Avian Flu
“ It is imperative that the
ACPof [Advanced
Health
Oceans
Cyberinfrastructure Program]
with
Impacts ofinteroperate
Global Warming
Role
of Lakes in and
Carbon
Cycling in
cyberinfrastructure being
developed
deployed
other countries.” [Atkins et.al. 2003 ]
•
Avoid Replay of Cluster Divergence
“What nations don’t know
can
hurtGlobal
them.Science
The stakes
Grids
Support
involved in study abroadTools
areDeveloped
that simple,
that
Across
Globe
straightforward, and that important. … college
graduates today must be internationally competent.”
[Lincoln Report 2005]
People Make Collaborations
Delivered by Philip Papadopoulos, NSF Global Engagement Workshop
Cyber - Team Science:
Merging of Science and Information Technology
Education
& Capacity
Building
Sustained
Collaboration
• Build teams and
trust
• Many meetings
Previously
Unobtainable
Observations and
Understanding
• Develop human resources
• Students and postdocs
Science
Drivers
• Focus development
• Source, movement,
fate of carbon in lakes
• Role of Savannah Burns
on Monsoons
• Active sites of infectious
agents
Enabling
Technology
Persistent
Infrastructure
• Broaden impact
• Software, data
• Lambda Grids
• Wireless sensor network
• Advance science
• Stream Data
• Dist. Files System
• Web Services
• Cross-site query
• Collaborative Tools
• Many more
PRAGMA
Overarching Goals
Strengthen Existing and Establish New
Collaborations
Work with Science Teams to Advance
Grid Technologies and Improve the
Underlying Infrastructure
In the Pacific Rim and Globally
“A Practical Collaborative Framework”.
http://www.pragma-grid.net
Overview and Approach
Process to Promote Routine Use Team Science
Workshops and
Organization
Application-Driven Collaborations
Applications
Middleware
Information Exchange
Planning and Review
Routine Use Lab/Testbed
Testing Applications
Building Grid and GOC
New Collaborations
New Members
Expand Users
Expand Impact
Multiway Dissemination
Key Middleware
Outcomes
Improved middleware
Broader Use
New Collaborations
Transfer Tech.
Standards
Publications
New Knowledge
Data Access
Education
PRAGMA Grid
CNIC
CNIC
GUCAS
China
UZurich
Switzerland
JLU
China
LZU
China
UoHyd
India
CUHK
HongKong
NECTEC
NECTEC
ThaiGrid
ThaiGrid
Thailand
MIMOS
USM
Malaysia
Source Cindy Zheng
AIST
AIST
OsakaU
UTsukuba
TITech
Japan
KISTI
Korea
ASGC
NCHC
Taiwan
IOIT-HCM
Vietnam
BII
IHPC
NGO
NGO
Singapore
MU
Australia
NCSA
USA
UUtah
USA
BU
USA
SDSC
USA
UMC
USA
CICESE
Mexico
UNAM
Mexico
APAC
QUT
Australia
ASURC
Costa Rica
UCN
Chile
BESTGrid
New Zealand
32 Clusters from 29 institutions in 14 countries/regions (+ 7 in preparation)
UChile
Chile
7 gfarm sites
To enable and promote routine use
PRAGMA Highlights of 2006 - 2007
• Simulating the Australian Monsoon and the Effect
of Wildfires
• PRAGMA Biosciences Portal
• PRAGMA Leads Application Experiment of Grid
Interoperation in GIN Testbed
• PRAGMA Establishes Certificate Authority (CA)
Using Naregi-CA Software
• Expanding the Collaboration Grid
• Building Communities, Catalyzing Collaborations
• PRIME and PRIUS
• More accomplishments in the Working Group
sections
Ecogrid: An Outgrowth of PRAGMA
Source Chi-Yu Chiu and Chin Lin
Yuan-Yang Lake Ecosite
~900MHz RF
Dong Hwa Tower
Source Fang-Pang Lin
Lake Metabolism Website
http://lakemetabolism.org
Towards a Global
Lake
Ecological
Access can be difficult
during the
most
Observatory
Network
interesting times
20
18
Photo by Peter Arzberger, October 2004
16
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
14
4
2
12
22-Aug
(mm per 5 minute interval)
Surface
0.5 meters
1 meter
1.5 meters
2 meters
2.5 meters
3 meters
Precipitation
Precipitation
Water Temperature (°C)
22
0
23-Aug
24-Aug
25-Aug
26-Aug
27-Aug
28-Aug
Date
Source: Tim Kratz
Yuan Yang Lake, Taiwan ; photo by Matt Van de Bogert
Collaboration in Environmental Science
Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network
• A grassroots network of
– People: lake scientists, engineers,
information technology experts
– Institutions: universities, national
laboratories, agencies
– Programs: PRAGMA, AS-Forest
Biogeochemistry,US-LTER, TERN,
KING, EcoGrid, etc.
– Instruments
– Data
• Linked by a common purpose and
cyberinfrastructure
• With a goal of understanding lake
dynamics at local, regional,
continental, and global scales
Why do we care about lakes
• Lakes and reservoirs function as sentinels and
integrators of environmental change in the
airsheds and landscapes in which they are
embedded. (Kratz, Williamson et al)
• Lakes provide critical ecosystem services to
humans including
–
–
–
–
provision of clean water for drinking,
irrigation and industry,
fisheries production, and
recreational and aesthetic values
Of 4665 samples from
1835 lakes worldwide,
87% were supersaturated
Why?
From Cole, J. J., N. F. Caraco, G. W. Kling, and T. K. Kratz. 1994.
Carbon dioxide supersaturation in the surface waters of lakes.
Science 265:1568-1570
Source: Tim Kratz
GLEON
People & Groups
TEAM SCIENCE
15
MEETINGS
San Diego March 05
Townsville March 06
Hsinchu October 06
Lammi March 07
Montreal August 07
GLEON
Existing sites = yellow
New sites (RCN) = red
Research Coordination Network (NSF award, PI: P Hanson):
• Includes a series of key science questions
• Architectural design of coordinated global sensor network
• Broaden involvement at all levels; new partners, outreach
and education
Science Changes with a Network
• Lake Metabolism:
– Includes carbon reduction (GPP) and
mineralization via respiration (R)
– Plays central role in lake carbon cycles
– Rates provide index of lake trophic
status
• Consequences on lake biomass
structure, food webs
• Network questions
To identify and develop
questions and models that
can best take advantage
of the new observing power
of sensor networks.
– What are the best practices for using in
situ sensors to estimate primary
productivity and respiration in lakes
around the world?
– How do lake physical attributes, geologic
setting, and regional climate influence
metabolism from local to global scales?
GLEON Slide
Outstanding
Contributions in
Science an
Technology
April 2007
The mission of GLEON is to facilitate interaction and build collaborations
among an international, multidisciplinary community of researchers
focused on understanding, predicting, and communicating the impact of
natural and anthropogenic influences on lake ecosystems by developing,
deploying, and using networks of emerging observational system
technologies and associated cyberinfrastructure.
Some Technology Challenges in
Building a Network
• Usable software to create a reporting site
• Software systems that will scale from a small
number of sensors to many hundreds or
thousands
• Systems that automate analysis of data and
maintenance of systems
• Federation tools
• Integration framework for data and models
Coral Reef Environmental
Observatory Network (CREON)
NOAA
Taiwan
GBR
UCSB
Source: Stuart Kininmonth, AIMS
I Borrowed from : Fang-Pang Lin, NCHC
Remote monitoring project
(2003 July~2005 June)
Micro wave
ADSL
Image server
NCHC
Internet
optical fiber
Control room
coaxial cable
Storage/
Data
Supply box on
the shore
Exhibition center
KT Shao, FP Lin
Underwater camera
Available in the link :
http://sensor.nchc.org.tw/ecogrid/site_spec/kt_spec.php
Application of RBNB Data Streaming Architecture
Ebbe Strandel, Sameer Tilak, Hsiu-Mei Chou, Jazz Wang, Sun-In Lin, Fang Pang Lin
Sally Hoolbrook
Sally Hoolbrook
PRAGMA: Catalyzing interactions among
GEOGrid, GEON, and Hazard Grids
GEOGrid: S. Sekiguchi
CCOP: S.K.Chen
GEON: C. Baru
Flood Grid: F.P. Lin
INTEGRATED SCIENCE FOR SOCIETY
AND THE ENVIRONMENT
A mechanistic approach to
socio-ecological research
From the US LTER Planning Process
SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL PRESSES
10
Current rate
of change
4000
6
Ecological
Theory
development
3000
2000
8
4
Population
2
Nitrogen
120
100
80
60
40
-1
CO2
1000
140
20
360
340
320
300
Atmospheric CO2 (ppm)
5000
160
Total Reactive N (Tg N y )
Global
Change
Global
'Stability'
Energy used (Mt)
Global Population (millions)
6000
380
180
Energy
0
1860
1880
1900
1920
Year
1940
1960
1980
0
2000
0
280
Source: S. Collins, ISSE Report
Smith, Knapp & Collins, in review
Source: S. Collins, ISSE Report
ITERATIVE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Source: S. Collins, ISSE Report
FRAMEWORK QUESTIONS
• Q1: How do long-term press and pulse drivers interact to
•
•
•
•
alter ecosystem structure and function?
Q2: How can biotic structure be both a cause and
consequence of ecological fluxes of energy & matter?
Q3: How do altered ecosystem dynamics affect ecosystem
services?
Q4: How do changes in vital ecosystem services feed back
to alter human behavior?
Q5: Which human actions influence the frequency,
magnitude, or form of press and pulse disturbance regimes
across ecosystems, and how do these change across
ecosystem types?
Source: S. Collins, ISSE Report
GLEON and the ISSE Model
New policies on
land use around
lake/reservoir
Citizens react
when quality
degrades
22
Yuan Yang Lake,
Taiwan
40
35
20
25
16
20
15
14
10
12
5
10
0
202122232425262728293031Aug- Aug- Aug- Aug- Aug- Aug- Aug- Aug- Aug- Aug- Aug- Aug04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
04
Drinking Water
Recreation, Property Value
Soyang(소 양) Korea
Mendota, Madison, Wisconsin
Wind Speed (m/s)
Water Temperature (C)
30
18
Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment (2004)
- statistics in NZ dairy farming
Source: David Hamilton
Projected total nitrogen loads, Lake Rotorua
600
c. 2050
Total
Nitrate load to Lake Rotorua [t/y]
present
500
Major streams
400
300
1960s
200
Groundwater direct via lake bed
100
Minor streams (cold)
Lake-side springs
0
1950
Source: David Hamilton
2000
2050
2100
Year
2150
2200
Morgenstern al., 2007
Global Team Science: The Value of the Network
U.Wisconsin
T.Kratz
Maintain Trout Bog
Lake Metabolism
Kangwon U
NCHC
B.Kim
Maintain Soyang
Public Policy
F.P.Lin
Maintain YYL
Parallelize Codes
NIGLAS
B.Q Qin
Maintain Taihu
Physical Limnology
Sunapee
K.Weathers
Lake Association
• Baseline
Data
• Replicates
• New Questions
UCSD
T.Fountain , P.Arzberger
Moore Fnd, PRAGMA,
• New Solutions
Cyberinfrastructure
• Share Expertise
• Cultural Understanding
to Policy Changes
U.Waikato
D.Hamilton
Models
Rotorua
Acknowledgements
•
All PRAGMA members
– Slides from Phil Papadopoulos, Cindy Zheng, FangPang Lin, Satoshi Sekiguchi, Jim
Williams, Fang-Pang Lin, Whey-Fone Tsai
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Gabriele Wienhausen, UCSD - PRIME
Susumu Date and Shinji Shimojo, Osaka University – PRIUS
Tim Kratz, U Wisconsin; Fang-Pang Lin, NCHC, David Hamilton, U Waikato – GLEON
Larry Smarr – OptIPuter
Wilfred Li – National Biomedical Computation Resource
Tony Fountain, Tim Kratz, Ken Chiu, Rick McMullen, Sameer Tilak - Autoscaling
Bill Chang, NSF for planting the seed and ongoing encouragement
Scott Collins – Slides about ISSE
NSF, and Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
•
PRAGMA is supported by the NSF (Grant No. INT-0216895, INT-0314015, OCI -0627026), the
San Diego Supercomputer Center, and the California Institute of Telecommuncations and
Information Technology (Calit2), The University of California, San Diego and member
institutions
PRIME is Supported by the National Science Foundation under NSF INT 04007508 and Calit2
•
•
•
AutoScaling, NEON 0446802
The OptIPuter receives major funding from the National Science Foundation,
cooperative agreement ANI-0225642 to UCSD
Conclusions
• Grass roots efforts build on collaboration and trust
– Become more prevalent –
– Information technology key
– Create data, critical baseline data
– Share resources, expertise
– Force new questions and new theories
• Science must inform policy
– ISSE framework is a good model that includes humans and ecological
services and the feedback between human and ecosystems function
– Requires collaborations with social scientists, with cultural approaches
to be developed (solutions differ by culture), with economics
• Education of next generation is essential to address future
challenges
– Multi-cultural, multi-disciplinary
– New role models for interactions, career paths
– PRIME, PRIUS - good models: International research apprenticeship
A Final Thought
• “Peace and prosperity
around the world
depend on increasing
the capacity of people
to think and work on a
global and intercultural
basis. As technology
opens borders,
educational and
professional exchange
opens minds.”[i]
[i] Annual Report IIE 2005, and http://www.iie.org/ “About”