Transcript 200405BahiaBlanca1.ppt
La Biblioteca Digital y su rol en la Educación Superior
Biblioteca Central Universidad Nacional del Sur Bahia Blanca, Argentina M
ay 17-18, 2004
Edward A. Fox
[email protected] http://fox.cs.vt.edu
Acknowledgements (Selected)
•
Sponsors:
ACM, Adobe, AOL, IBM, Microsoft, NASA, NLM, NSF, OCLC, SUN, US Dept. of Ed. (FIPSE) •
VT Faculty/Staff:
Debra Dudley, Weiguo Fan, Gail McMillan, Manuel Perez, Naren Ramakrishnan, Layne Watson, … •
VT Students:
Yuxin Chen, Shahrooz Feizabadi, Marcos Goncalves, Nithiwat Kampanya, S.H. Kim, Bing Liu, Paul Mather, Fernando Das Neves, Unni. Ravindranathan, Ryan Richardson, Rao Shen, Ricardo Torres, Wensi Xi, Baoping Zhang, …
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (NDLTD)
• • • • NDLTD Board of Directors, previous Steering Committee + other NDLTD committees; those running Electronic Thesis & Dissertation (ETD) initiatives in universities, regions, countries Helpful sponsorship by many organizations, especially Adobe (new initiative!), CONACyT, DFG, FIPSE (US Dept. Education), IBM, Microsoft, NSF (IIS-9986089, 0086227, 0080748, 0325579; DUE-0121679, 0136690, 0121741, 0333601), OCLC, SOLINET, SUN, SURA, UNESCO, VTLS, many governments (Australia, Germany, India, …), … Colleagues at Virginia Tech (faculty, staff, students), and collaborators at many universities Slides included from: Vinod Chachra, Thom Hickey, Joan Lippincott, Gail McMillan, Axel Plathe, Hussein Suleman, …
Other Collaborators (Selected)
• • • • • • • • •
Brazil
: FUA, UFMG, UNICAMP Case Western Reserve University Emory, Notre Dame, Oregon State
Germany
: Univ. Oldenburg
Mexico
: UDLA (Puebla), Monterrey College of NJ, Hofstra, Penn State, Villanova University of Arizona University of Florida, Univ. of Illinois University of Virginia •
Endowment: VTLS
UNESCO
• • • Cláudio Menezes [[email protected]] Purpose: • Reinforce local solutions, commitments Emphasize: • ETD does not need many resources.
• Open source and free software is available.
• International cooperation can help.
• Local training is crucial. • => Inclusion of ETD in practices, processes • => Schedule for ETD projects
Part 1 Digital Libraries and Higher Education
Virginia Tech Background
• • • • • • • Largest university in Virginia, land-grant, football, town population 35K plus 26K students Blacksburg Electronic Village, since 1992, with > 80% of community on Internet Net.Work.Virginia, with sites for education, research, government LMDS, Local Multipoint Distribution Service, gigabit wireless networking - 1/3 of Virginia Math Emporium, 500 workstations Faculty Development Initiative, round 3 Torgersen Hall, $30M Advanced Communications and Information Technology Center, with DLRL
Fox at VT
• • • Professor, Dept. of Computer Science 1/3 time report to Erv Blythe, VP for Info. Tech.
Director, Digital Library Research Laboratory • Location: 2030 Torgersen Hall • Students: typically about 20 • Visitors: India: 2, S. Korea: 1, Brazil: 1, … • Grants: 9 active • Director of University Center: Internet Technology Innovation Center at VT
Internet Technology Innovation Center
Supported by Virginia’s Center for Innovative Technology Statewide University Partners - Governing Board:
• • • • • •
Christopher Newport University
• William Winter, William Muir, Virginia Electronic Commerce Technology Center / Southeastern Virginia Network (VECTEC/SEVAnet)
George Mason University
• Steven Ruth, International Center for Applied Studies in IT (ICASIT)
Old Dominion University –
Kurt Maly (CS Head), …
University of Virginia
• Alf Weaver, Internet Commerce Group (InterCom) • Jim French, Internet Digital Library
VCU – Information Systems, plus connection with telemedicine etc.
Virginia Tech
• Edward Fox, Digital Library Research Laboratory (DLRL), CC, CS • Scott Midkiff, Center for Wireless Telecomm. (CWT), VTISC, ECpE
ITIC @ VT
Research Areas
• • • • • • • Collaboration (e.g., group decision support) Community networking (e.g., BEV) Internet access (e.g., statewide network) Information services (e.g., digital libraries) Modeling and simulation (e.g., Web traffic) Usability (e.g., human factors engineering) Virtual environments (e.g., CAVE, visualization)
Digital Libraries Projects (other selected)
• • • • • • • TULIP (Elsevier, OCLC) BEV History Base (NSF, Blacksburg) DL for CS Education - EI (NSF, ACM) WATERS (NSF) WCA (Log) Repository (W3C) NSDL (NSF): DL-in-a-Box, GetSmart, OCKHAM …
DL Examples
• • • • • • IBM Digital Library Virtua (www.vtls.com) Greenstone (www.greenstone.org) Eprints (www.eprints.org) Many systems in NSF DLI projects VT systems: CITIDEL, CSTC, DL-in-a-box, ETANA, MARIAN, NCSTRL, NDLTD
Digital Libraries --- Objectives
• • • • • • • • World Lit.: 24hr / 7day / from desktop Integrated “super” information systems: 5S: streams, structures, spaces, scenarios, societies Ubiquitous, Higher Quality, Lower Cost Education, Knowledge Sharing, Discovery Disintermediation -> Collaboration Universities Reclaim Property Interactive Courseware, Student Works Scalable, Sustainable, Usable, Useful
Benefits
• • Ease of use Effectiveness • “The benefits of digital libraries will not be appreciated unless they are easy to use effectively.” - IITA Workshop report
DLs: Why of Global Interest?
• •
National projects
can preserve antiquities and heritage: cultural, historical, linguistic, scholarly • Knowledge and information are essential to economic and technological
growth, education
DL - a
domain for international collaboration
• wherein all can
contribute
and
benefit
• which leverages investment in
networking
• which provides useful
content
on Internet & WWW • which will
tie nations and peoples together
more strongly and through
deeper understanding
E d F o x
Application Domain
r o e R e a g a n M o Publishing
Education
Art,
Culture
Science (e) Government (e) Commerce, (e) Industry History,
Heritage
Cross cutting
Related Institutions
Publishers, Eprint archives
Schools, colleges, universities
Museum Government, Academia, Commerce
Government Agencies
(all levels) Legal institutions Foundations Library, Archive
Examples
OAI
NSDL
, NCSTRL AMICO,
PRDLA
NVO, PDG, SwissProt,
UK eScience,European Union Commission
Census Court cases, patents American Memory Web, personal collections
Technical Challenges
Quality control, openness Knowledge management, reuseability Aggregation, organization Access to data Digitization, describing, cataloging Global understanding Data models reproducibility, faster reuse, faster advance Intellectual property rights, privacy,
multi-national
Accountability
, homeland security 2 0 0 2 J u n e Developing standards Content, context, interpretation
Multi-language
, preservation, scalability, interoperability, dynamic behavior, workflow, sustainability, ontologies, distributed data, infrastructure
Benefit / Impact
Standardization,
economic development
Long term view, perspective, documentation, recording, facilitating, interpretation, understanding r f o Reduced cost, increased access, pereservation, democratization, leveling, peace, competitiveness N S F
DL Challenges
• Preservation - so people with trust DLs • Supporting infrastructure - networks, ...
• Scalability, sustainability, interoperability • DL industry - critical mass by covering libraries, archives, museums, corporate info, govt info, personal info - “quality WWW” integrating IR, HT, MM, ...
• Need tools & methods to make them easier to build
Libraries of the Future JCR Licklider, 1965, MIT Press
World Nation State City Community
Info.
Literacy (1995) Improving Education Internet (1984) NSF DLI (1994) WWW (1994) PDF (1992)
Digital Libraries
Library Cancellations (1988) SGML (1985) Multimedia (1986) University Scholarly Electronic Pub. (1988)
Synchronous Scholarly Communication
Same time, Same or different place
Asynchronous, Digital Library Mediated Scholarly Communication
Different time and/or place
Information Life Cycle
Borgman et al.: Workshop Report on Social Aspects of Digital Libraries: http://www-lis.gseis.
ucla.edu/DL/
Information Life Cycle
Using Creating Retention / Mining Accessing Filtering Authoring Modifying Organizing Indexing Storing Retrieving Distributing Networking
Locating Digital Libraries in Computing and Communications Technology Space
Digital Libraries technology trajectory: intellectual
access to globally distributed information
Digital content less more Computing (flops)
Digital Library Content
Content Types Text Documents Articles, Reports, Books Video Audio Speech, Music Geographic Information Software, Programs Bio Information Images and Graphics (Aerial) Photos Models Simulations Genome Human, animal, plant 2D, 3D, VR, CAT
Integrated CCLINC Translingual Information System
DARPA CCLINC SERVER Translation It seems that North Korea launch a missile again
After North Korea launched a Daipodong missile last month, NK is perceived to proceed to an additional test launch. Korea, US and Japan enter into an alert state, and prepare for a joint response policy. Korea estimates that the additional launch will be on 09/05. Japan estimates that NK’s missile range is short.
US information says that there is no sign of launch yet.
• IBrowse
Structured Video Browser
(making video into hypermedia) www.learn.umd.edu
• • Expository multimedia Narrative Structures
7 MPEG-7 Video Library Systems Tech.
Architecture Video Data Description Generator Meta Database Video Database Retrieval Server Module Description Scheme Player Description Schemes Design Tool ICU Information and Communication University
AmericanSouth.Org – Roles, Content
SOLINET Libraries (Data Providers) Scholars
Intellectual Organization Controlled vocabulary Metadata extension development Collection Decisions Selection Criteria Selection Criteria Controlled vocabulary Central Server Maintenance Metadata Repository Local Server Maintenance Metadata Creation/Maintenance Central Interface Design/Maintenance Local Interface Design/Maintenance Selection of Other Annotation Tools Central Indices Creation/Maintenance Local Indices Selection of Thesauri Coordination of Metadata Gateway Development Gateway Implementation Concept Mapping Digital Objects Provision of Context Organizational Structure and Annotation Tools
Content Area Description
African-American cultural life Agricultural crisis of late 19 th century Codification of segregation laws Configuration of white supremacy Cultural values and activities Disenfranchising movements Educational movements Emergence of Holiness & Pentecostal Groups Emergence of new musical forms Emergence of organized groups expressing farmers concerns Expansion of Southern evangelical Protestant Churches
Audio Digital
6 1 4
Finding Aid
6 1
MSS
9 3
Other Photo Video MF Print Total
4 1 12 1 3 10 4 18 8 72 19 1 1 3 3 2 3 1 3 1 1 8 9 16 20 3 1 6 3 3 1 1 1 5 2 1 1 1 17 2 18 1 2 9 4 1 6 3 15 2 21 1 1 2 9 1 1 3 5 5 1 1 2 8 11 23 20 6 27 7 71 15 98 10 8 13 59
Content Area Description
Expansion of industrial activity Forms of inter-racialism Great Migration & its relationship to worsened race relations in the South Growth of business Growth of cities & towns Interplay of economic interest among regions Local literature
Audio Digital Finding Aid
6
MSS
12
Other Photo Video MF Print Total
5 10 5 14 52 1 1 1 2 1 4 3 10 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 5 5 1 2 12 12 4 17 1 4 1 4 13 13 2 7 1 5 2 1 3 15 18 6 31 52 57 16 68 Lost Cause monument movement Political relationships between Populist & other groups 1 3 2 2 2 3 4 8 9
Content Area Description
Popular magazines & newspapers Reactions of African-American leaders to Segregation Relationship among Southern Populists & those in the West Relationship between new racial system of 1890s and other Role of immigration Survival of African-American communities & Culture Women’s Groups
Total Each Format Audio Digital Finding Aid
2
MSS
2
Other
1
Photo Video MF Print
13 17
Total
35 2 1 2 4 1 2 1 1 10 1 24 1 1 2 2 41 1 2 14 2 2 1 1 51 4 6 5 10 161 1 38 4 7 5 133 1 1 13 1 2 2 4 8 9 13 9 79 301 15 25 33 33 831
Case Study: NCSTRL Costs/Benefits
Stakeholders Sample Potential Cost Sample Potential Benefit Providers
Faculty Students Practitioners
Users
Lower value for P&T Less recognition Limited relevance Faculty Students Departments Lower quality of work Higher access costs (vs. department available material) New maintenance costs University libraries Additional access costs Practitioners More difficult access Faster publishing Broader set of outlets Ease of publishing, > quantity Broader access to resources Lower access costs (vs. journal available material) Broader visibility Access to new resources Access to new resources
Definitions
• • • • Library ++ (library+archive+museum+…) Distributed information system + organization + effective interface User community + collection + services Digital objects, repositories, IPR management, handles, indexes, federated search, hyperbase, annotation
Definition: Digital Libraries are complex systems that • • • • •
help satisfy info needs of users (societies) provide info services (scenarios) organize info in usable ways (structures) present info in usable ways (spaces) communicate info with users (streams)
Case Study: Education
• • • • • Refactoring Scholarly Communication: • Creating, Sharing, Reviewing, Teaching, Learning, … Physics: PhysNet OCKHAM CSTC, CITIDEL, NSDL NDLTD
Digital Libraries Shorten the Chain from
Editor Reviewer Publisher A&I Consolidator Library
DLs Shorten the Chain to
Author Teacher
Digital
Reader Editor Reviewer Learner Librarian
Library
PhysNet
PACS Automatic Classification
OCKHAM
• • • • Simplicity (a la OCCAM’s razor) Support by Mellon and DLF Four main ideas: 1. Components 2. Lightweight protocols 3. Open reference models (e.g., 5S, OAIS) 4. Community perspective and involvement Now funded by NSF in NSDL, with P2P
OCKHAM Library Network
NSDL NSDL Services OCKHAM Library Network OCKHAM Services Library Services Teachers Librarians Learners
CS -> CSTC -> CRIM
• • • • NSF and ACM Education Committee are funding a 2 year project “A Computer Science Teaching Center” - CSTC - http://www.cstc.org/ College of NJ, U. Ill. Springfield, Virginia Tech Focus initially on labs, visualization, multimedia Multimedia part is also supported by a 2nd grant to Virginia Tech and The George Washington University: http://www.cstc.org/~crim/ (with curricular guidelines also under development)
CS Teaching Center (CSTC)
• • • Instead of building large, expensive multimedia packages, that become obsolete and are difficult to re-use, concentrate on
small knowledge units
.
• Learners benefit from having well-crafted modules that have been
reviewed and tested
.
Use digital libraries to build a
powerful base
of support for learners, upon which a variety of courses, self-study tutorials & reference resources can be built.
ACM support led to Journal of Educational Resources in Computing (
JERIC
), accessible from
www.cstc.org
Browsing (1)
Browsing (2)
Computing and Information Technology Interactive Digital Educational Library (CITIDEL)
• Domain : computing / information technology • Genre : one-stop-shopping for teachers & learners: courseware (CSTC, JERIC), leading DLs (ACM, IEEE-CS, DB&LP, CiteSeer), PlanetMath.org, NCSTRL (technical reports), … • Submission & Collection : sub/partner collections www.citidel.org
www.CITIDEL.org
• • Led by Virginia Tech, with co-PIs: • Fox (director, DL systems) • Lee (history) • Perez (user interface, Spanish support)
Partners
• •
College of New Jersey (Knox) Hofstra (Impagliazzo)
• •
Villanova (Cassel) Penn State (Giles)
Overview of CITIDEL architecture
USER PORTALS DIGITAL LIBRARY SERVICES REPOSITORIES
Distributed repository structure
OAI Data Provider Digital Library Services Union Metadata Repository Applets Repository Laboratories Repository Syllabi Repository Papers Repository OAI Data Harvester . . .
Digital library architecture for local and interoperable CITIDEL services
PORTALS EDUCATORS LEARNERS ADMINISTRATORS
Multilingual Searching
Browsing Filtering Annotating Revising Administering
SERVICES Union Metadata Filtering Profiles Annotations OAI Data Provider OAI Data Harvester User Profiles Remote and Peer Digital Libraries (eg. NSDL -CIS) REPOSITORIES
CITIDEL
:
C
omputing &
I
nformation
T
echnology
I
nteractive
D
igital
E
ducation
L
ibrary
Cluster Search Results from CITIDEL
Cluster NDLTD-Computing
CITIDEL -> NSDL
•
A collection project in the
•
National STEM (science, technolgy, engineering, and mathematics) education Digital Library –
NSDL
•
National Science Digital Library
•
www.nsdl.org
A Learning Environments and Resources Network for SMET Education (LEARNS)
“The network is the library.”
LEARNS Connects:
Users:
students, educators, life-long learners
Content:
structured learning materials; large real-time or archived datasets; audio, images, animations; primary sources; digital learning objects (e.g. applets); interactive (virtual, remote) laboratories; ...
Tools:
search; refer; validate; integrate; create; customize; publish; share; notify; collaborate; ...
LEARNS Supports:
Learning communities
Users (profiles)
Customizable collections
Content (metadata)
Application services
Tools (protocols)
LEARNS Enables:
Environments for
•
Communication
•
Collaboration
•
Creation
•
Validation
•
Evaluation
•
Recognition
•
...
AND
• Discovery
•
Stability
•
Reliability
•
Reusability
•
Interoperability
•
Customizability
•
...
of Resources
Expectations of NSDL ProgramTracks
• • •
Core Integration:
coordinate a distributed alliance of resource collection and service providers; and ensure reliable and extensible access to and usability of the resulting network of learning environments and resources •
Collections:
aggregate and actively manage a subset of the digital library’s content within a coherent theme / specialty
Services:
increase the impact, reach, efficiency, and value of the digital library in its fully operational form
Targeted (Applied) Research:
have immediate impact on one or more of the other three tracks
Collections
• • • • Discovery of content Classification and cataloguing Acquisition and/or linking; referencing Disciplinary-based themes define a natural body of content, but other possibilities are also encouraged • • Access to massive real-time or archived datasets Software tool suites for analysis, modeling, simulation, or visualization • Reviewed commentary on learning materials and pedagogy
Services
• • Help services, frequently asked questions, etc.
Synchronous/asynchronous collaborative learning environments using shared resources • • • • Mechanisms for building personal annotated digital information spaces • Reliability testing for applets or other digital learning objects Audio, image, and video search capability Metadata system translation Community feedback mechanisms
NSDL Information Architecture
Essentially as developed by the Technical Infrastructure Workgroup
Portals & Portals & Clients Clients Clients
User Interfaces
NSDL NSDL Collections Collections Collections
Collection Building
Core NSDL “Bus” NSDL Services Services Services
Usage Enhancement
harvesting discussion annotation
A Digital Library Case Study
• Domain
: graduate education, research
• Genre
:ETDs=electronic theses & dissertations
• Submission
: http://etd.vt.edu
• Collection
: http://www.theses.org
Project:
Networked Digital Library of Theses & Dissertations (
NDLTD
)
http://www.ndltd.org
NDLTD
Grad Program IT Library Ed.
(Tech)
Key Ideas:
Scalability
Networked infrastructure University collaboration
Maximal Access
Workflow, automation Education is the rationale 8th graders vs. grads Authors must submit Standards PDF, SGML, MM, MARC, DC, URNs, Federated search
The Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations
www.NDLTD.org
Training Authors Expanding Access Preserving Knowledge Improving Graduate Education Enhancing Scholarly Communication Empowering Students & Universities Leader of the Worldwide ETD (Electronic Thesis and Dissertation) Initiative
Main Message
• Digital libraries can help advance education.
• Argentina is invited to engage in NDLTD, as well as CITIDEL, NSDL, and other DL ventures.
• UNESCO Analytical Survey on Digital Libraries in Education is recommending DLE in each nation.
• Local and national support can • stimulate activities, including collaboration • promote a sharing culture, especially in research and teaching • leverage others’ investments (networking, computing, …) • encourage / facilitate learning
•
Please join NDLTD!
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •
What led to today’s meeting?
1987 mtg in Ann Arbor: UMI, VT, … 1992 mtg in Washington: CNI, CGS, UMI, VT and 10 universities with 3 reps each 1993 mtg in Atlanta to start Monticello Electronic Library (regional, US Southeast): SURA, SOLINET 1994 mtg at VT: std: PDF + SGML + multimedia objects 1996 funding by SURA, US Dept. of Education (FIPSE) 1997 meetings in UK, Germany, ...
1998 – 1 st symposium – Memphis (20) 1999 – 2 nd 2000 – 3 rd symposium – Blacksburg (70) symposium – St. Petersburg (225) 2001 – 4 th symposium – Caltech (200) 2002 – 5 th syposium – BYU, Provo, Utah 2003 – 6 th syposium – Berlin (215) 2004 – 7 th 2005 – 8 th syposium – U. Kentucky syposium – Sydney, Australia
What are the long term goals?
• • • • • 400K US students / year getting grad degrees are exposed / involved 200K/yr rich hypermedia ETDs that may turn into electronic portfolios (images, video, audio, …) Dramatic increase in knowledge sharing: literature reviews, bibliographies, … Services providing lifelong access for students: browse, search, prior searches, citation links Hundreds/thousands of downloads / year / work
ETDs: Library Goals
• Improve library services • Better turn-around time • Always available • Reduce work • catalog from e-text • eliminate handling: mailing to ProQuest, bindery prep, check-out, check-in, reshelving, etc.
• Save space
What are we doing?
• •
Aiding universities to enhance graduate education, publishing and IPR efforts
•
Helping improve the availability and content of theses and dissertations Educating ALL future scholars so they can publish electronically and effectively use digital libraries (i.e., are Information Literate and can be more expressive)
NDLTD Incorporation
• • • Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations incorporated May 20, 2003 in Virginia, USA • Charitable and educational purposes (501 c 3) • Can accept donations, collect dues, receive funds LeClair Ryan provides legal counsel Officers • Executive Director (Ed Fox) • Secretary (Gail McMillan) • Treasurer (Scott Eldredge)
Initial Board of Directors
• • • • • • • • • • • • • Suzie Allard (ETD 2004, U. Kentucky) Denise A. D. Bedford (World Bank) Julia C. Blixrud (ARL, SPARC) José Luis Borbinha (National Lib Portugal) Alex Byrne (ETD 2005, ADT: Australia) Vinod Chachra (VTLS) Peter Diepold (Humboldt) Scott Eldredge (Treasurer, ETD 2002, BYU) Edward Fox (Exec Director, Virginia Tech) Jean-Claude Guédon (U. of Montréal) John H. Hagen (West Virginia U.) Thomas B. Hickey (OCLC) Sarantos Kapidakis (Ionian U., Greece) • • • • • • • • • • • • • Delphine Lewis (ProQuest) Joan K. Lippincott (CNI) Gail McMillan (Secretary, Virginia Tech) Claudio Menezes (UNESCO, Uruguay) Joseph Moxley (ETD 2000, USF) Ana Pavani (PUC Rio, Brazil) Axel Plathe (UNESCO, Paris) Sharon Reeves (National Library Canada) Peter Schirmbacher (ETD 2003, Humboldt) Mohsen Tawfik (UNESCO, India) Shalini R. Urs (U. Mysore, India) Felix N Ubogu (U. Witwatersrand, S. Africa) Eric F. Van de Velde (ETD 2001, Caltech)
National / Regional Projects
• •
Australia
• U. New South Wales (lead) • U. of Melbourne • U. of Queensland • U. of Sydney • Australian National U.
• Curtin U. of Technology • Griffith U.
Germany
• Humboldt University (lead) • 3 other universities • 5 learned societies: Math, Physics, Chemistry, Sociology, Education • 1 computing center • 2 major libraries • • • • • • • OhioLINK: 79 colleges/univs Consorci de Biblioteques Universitàries de
Catalunya
, as group, www.cbuc.es: 9 sites
India Korea Brazil UK (British Library, JISC, Edinburgh) UNESCO (especially Latin America, Eastern Europe, Africa)
• • • • • • Australia Belgium Brazil Canada China • • Columbia • • Finland France • • Germany • India Italy Korea Mexico
Some Countries
• • • • • • • • • Netherland Norway Russia Singapore • • S. Africa S. Korea • Spain Sudan Sweden Taiwan UK USA
Some Institutional Members
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
British Library Cinemedia Coalition for Networked Information (CNI) Committee on Institutional Cooperation (CIC) Consorci de Biblioteques Universitàries de Catalunya Diplomica.com
Dissertation.com
Dissertationen Online (Germany) ETDweb, a Division of Answer4.com
Ibero-American Science & Technology Education Consortium (ISTEC) National Documentation Centre (NDC), Greece National Library of Portugal (for all universities) OCLC Online Computer Library Center OhioLINK Organization of American States (SEDI/OAS) Southeastern Library Network (SOLINET) UNESCO (www.unesco.org/webworld/etd)
UNESCO and ETDs
(by Axel Plathe at ETD2003)
• • • • • • • • Promoting the use of the Internet as a tool for disseminating scientific knowledge Facilitating the transfer of ETD expertise from developed to developing countries 1998: Member of the NDLTD Steering Committee 1999: First UNESCO ETD meeting on ETD internationalisation 2002: “ UNESCO Guide to Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2003: Model training programmes and training courses 2003: Sponsor pilot projects 2003: Pilot projects (Africa, Europe, Latin-America) ”
ETD Initiative (and ProQuest)
Students Learn about DL, EPub TDs become more expressive Global TDs become more accessible, archived Universities ProQuest N. Amer. (T)Ds are accessible, archived
How can a university get involved?
• • Select planning/implementation team • • • •
Graduate School Library Computing / Information Technology Institutional Research / Educ. Tech.
• Join online, give us contact names •
www.ndltd.org/join
Adapt Virginia Tech or other proven approach • •
Build interest and consensus Start trial / allow optional submission
Convene Local Planning Group
ETD
ETD project participants • • • • • • •
Academic administrators Faculty Students Staff Graduate school / provost / registrar Information technologists Librarians
Build Local ETD Site
ETD
Workshop/Training Policies Inspection/Approval Digital Library
Student Prepares Thesis/Dissertation
NDLTD
Literature Computer Resources Research
Student Defends & Finalizes ETD
My Thesis ETD
Multimedia Use in ETD Collection
File type Still image Video Audio Text Other Examples BMP, DXF, GIF, JPG, TIFF AVI, MOV, MPG, QT AIFF, WAV PDF, HTML, TXT, DOC, XLS Macromedia, SGML, XML Count 328 58 18 7601 51
Student Gets Committee Signatures and Submits ETD
Signed Grad School
Graduate School Approves ETD, Student is Graduated
Ph.D.
Library Catalogs ETD, Access is Opened to the New Research
NDLTD WWW
http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-2227102539751141/ Q uickTim e™ and a Cinepak decom pr essor ar e needed t o see t his pict ur e.
Status of the VT Project
• Approved by university governance Spring 1996; required starting 1/1/97 • • Submission & access software in place Submission workshops for students (and faculty) occur often: beginner/adv.
• Faculty training as part of Faculty Development Initiative • Over 5000 ETDs in collection – some have audio, video, large images, software, …
Archiving ETDs
•
Every 15 minutes back-ups made of not yet-approved submissions
•
Hourly back-ups of newly approved ETDs
•
Weekly back-ups of entire ETD collection
•
Copies stored on-site and off-site
VT ETD Cataloging
• • same as current cataloging policies, except: • author-assigned keywords (not LCSH) • generic (not LC) call no.
• fields/subfields as required for computer files • full abstracts time savings • cataloger familiar with computer files • equipment, software for word processing • 5 minutes avg. (10-15 minutes for paper TDs)
Library Resources
• • • Hardware: with Apache web server • Maintenance and security • Started small; now: Sun 2-processor Enterprise 250--Solaris 2.7
Software • Submission scripts written by DLA • • Includes e-mail notifications to authors, advisors, UMI Use it too: http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ETD-db/ • Log files analyzed with Analog • Survey scripts written by DLA • • Data from authors and readers Use it too: http://lumiere.lib.vt.edu/surveys/ Search Engine • Started small; now: InfoSeek’s ULTRASEEK
Digital Library Benefits:
Low margin, high use
• • • Incorporate ETDs with other digital library activities • Ejournals, online class materials, digital images, etc.
• Additional equipment, staff may not be necessary • http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/data/setup.html
Use VT programs, scripts, etc.
• http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ETD-db/ Online accesses vs. circulation of copies • 1990-1994, average circulation per copy per year: • 2.2 for theses, 3.2 for dissertations
Access to VT’s ETDs
http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/
5,000,000 4,500,000 4,000,000 3,500,000 3,000,000 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000,000 500,000 ETD files requested Abstracts requested 1997/98 231,709 165,710 1997/98 483,030 215,493 1999/00 578,152 260,699 2000/01 2,173,420 573,149 2001/02 4,497,199 471,917
Info Available at VT
• Information •
http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses
• Automated submission system ready for customization
http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ETD-db/
Student guidelines, training materials, FAQ's, multimedia educational materials
http://etd.vt.edu
Access Possibilities
Web search engines www.
theses.
org www.
openarchives.
org library catalog clients 3 rd Party Services (e.g., UMI) Virginia Tech MIT National Library of Portugal CBUC (Spain) Ohio Link National Projects: AU, GE, …
ETD Union Collection (OAI)
VIRTUA MARIAN
Future: recommender, …
Merged Metadata Collection Virginia Tech ETD Archive Humboldt ETD Archive Duisburg ETD Archive
…
LEGEND
OAI Data Provider OAI Service Provider OAI Harvesting
Union catalog: OCLC
• OCLC will expand OAI data provider on TDs.
• Is getting data from WorldCat (so, from many sites!).
• Will harvest from all others who contact them.
• Need DC and either ETD-MS or MARC.
• Has a set for ETDs.
Union catalog: VTLS, VT
• VTLS will enhance search/browse service for ETDs • Will harvest from OCLC’s set of ETD records • Will receive through other mechanisms • Will work with MARC-21 and ETD-MS • VT will continue to offer experimental services
NDLTD Union Catalog Content Languages
The VTLS NDLTD Union Catalog has data in 6 different languages. These are: English German Greek Korean Portuguese Spanish Examples follow
Language = German; hits = 137
Full record display
For professional societies
• • • • • Like “writing across the curriculum”, e.g., Chemical Markup Language, MathML, … Besides writing: computing/communications, information literacy, personal digital library management, tool use, research methods, collaboration, archiving/preservation Data sets, communities of users of them Classification systems / browsing / searching NRC’s “Issues for Science and Engineering Researchers in the Digital Age”, 57 pages
Relationship with publishers
• • •
Concern
of faculty and students that still wish to publish books or journal articles, voiced: campus, Chronicle, NPR, Times
Solution
: Approval Form gives students, faculty choices on access, when to change access condition; use IPR controls in DL
Solution
: by case, work with publishers and publisher associations to increase access •
AAP, AAUP
•
AAAS, ACM, ACS, Elsevier, ...
Some responses from publishers
• • • • • •
ACM
: need to acknowledge copyright
Elsevier
: need to acknowledge copyright
IEEE-CS
: endorse initiative
ACS
: After first publication, can release
Textbook publishers
: different market, manuscript significantly reworked
General
: restricting access to local campus will not cause any problems
Summary: ETDs and Publishing
• • • • • Early controversies waning Faculty: prior publication? • Protective of future academics Surveys of publishers • No specific policies largely • Consider submissions individually VT ETD Alumni • None had problems getting published Authors • Retain some rights, e.g., link to curriculum vitae, online course materials
ETDs and Copyright
• • • • Author’s rights • Reproduction, modification, distribution, public performance, public display • Retain rights • • Share non-exclusive rights: Permit library to store / provide access Author’s obligations: fair use • Balance factors or get permission Notification: optional Copyright 2002 by Gail McMillan ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Registration: optional • Possibly receive greater compensation, with less documentation, if filing infringement law suit
• •
ETDs and Long-term Preservation
Concerns: Access without paper • Long term preservation • Standard multimedia formats • PDF Reader: open source • http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/archive.html
Addressed Concerns • Cooperatives, e.g., OhioLink • Why not: OCLC, NDLTD?
• Commercial options • ProQuest: traditional microfilming • Frequent, regular back-ups available on, off-site
ETD-MS
•
• • •
ETD Metadata Standard
•
XML-encoded metadata standard (content and encoding) for Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) in part conforming to Dublin Core (DC) using RDF using UNICODE
•
Will specify relationship with MARC
Complex to Simple
MARC ($50) Dublin Core (DC) + thesis
Recent Added Support by NDLTD
• • • Links from NDLTD site • ETD individuals support – submit ETD • ETD discussion (e-prints) – community activities • Conference papers and presentations – community activities http://www.ndltd.org/WVUproc.htm Automated support to “join NDLTD” Marcel Dekker book in press • Edward A. Fox, Shahrooz Feizbadi, Joseph M. Moxley, and Christian R. Weisser, eds., The ETD Sourcebook: Theses and Dissertations in the Electronic Age, New York: Marcel Dekker, 2004
Two Approaches to an ETD Progam
Characteristic View 1 Who
Staff
When Focus What View 2
Students Now Increase univer. visibility Scan in prior works first Soon: Pilot to option to reqrmnt Education of students Students submit own works
Why ETD?
Short Answer
• • • • For Students: • Gain knowledge and skills for the Information Age • Richer communication (digital information, multimedia, …) For Universities: • Easy way to enter the digital library field and benefit thereby For the World: • Global digital library – large, useful, many services General: • Save time and money • Increased visibility for all associated with research results
The Process?
Short Answer
• • For Students: • Plan on ETD from day 1 • Secure knowledge from: workshops, online info, colleagues • Work with faculty to plan approach • • PDF? XML? TEI? Multi/hypermedia? Data sets? Viz?
Get signed approval form: access, ©, proxy assignment • After defense and approval, submit ETD to university For Universities: • Form team • Adapt solution from work at other universities, attend ETD conference • Pilot -> Option -> Requirement
Some Potential Barriers
• • • • • • Lethargy; Not invented here Frustration/Anger: Technology! More work!
Lack of experience in working together: graduate school, library, computing staff Lack of interest in (quality of) student work More loyalty to discipline than to campus Unwillingness to accept responsibility for financial problems with libraries, or to accept need for changes regarding electronic publishing
Spirit of NDLTD
• • • • • • Help make a better (smaller) world Win-win-win (everyone can benefit) Have fun helping others Helpers/teachers learn more than those they work with Build on standards ETDs are preservable, popular, expressive, “better” • Doable, feasible, learnable, affordable, sharable
•
Please join NDLTD!
Selected Links - http://fox.cs.vt.edu
• • • • • • CITIDEL (computing education resources) • www.citidel.org
NCSTRL (computing technical reports) • www.ncstrl.org
NDLTD (electronic theses and dissertations worldwide) • www.ndltd.org and etdguide.org
NSDL (National Science Digital Library) • www.nsdl.org
OAI (Open Archives Initiative) • www.openarchives.org
Virginia Tech Digital Library Research Laboratory (DLRL, www.dlib.vt.edu) • 5S, AmericanSouth.Org, CSTC, DL-in-a-box, ENVISION, ETANA, MARIAN, NDLTD, NSDL, OAD, ODL, …)