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History of Security
Security Services
Copyright and Terms of Service
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Private Security
What is private security?
The wide range of activities
used by nongovernment
organizations and persons
to protect themselves from
criminal endeavors
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Private Security
(continued)
Studies show (Roberson & Birzer, 2010):
Private security companies employ about
2 million officers in the U.S.
 There are less than 700,000 sworn law
enforcement officers in the U.S.
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Private Security
(continued)
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Corporate – security
departments within businesses
or corporations
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Contract – firms that sell their
services to the public, including
businesses, homeowners, and
banks
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Private Security
(continued)
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Personal weapons
Commissioned and non-commissioned officers
Private investigations
Barriers or walls around homes or cities
Citizen protection groups
Burglar alarms and installation
Body guards and/or night watchmen
Online banking protection and the security of data
Guard dog trainers and handlers
Qualified managers and/or security consultants
Locksmiths
Electronic access control service officers and
installations
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Examples of Private Security
The Great Wall of China
 Moats, bridges, and borders
 Modern gated communities
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Development in England
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King Edward I – divided England into
districts and made the citizens responsible
for their own security
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The middle class revolted and hired people
to protect their districts for them
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In 1748, author Henry Fielding created the
Bow Street Amateur Volunteer Force;
proposed a permanent, professional, paid
security force; encouraged the reporting of
crimes
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Development in England
(continued)
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The West India Trading Company created
the Thames River Police as a private
security force to deter theft at their port.
◦ The Thames River Police became the first
regular professional police force in
London
◦ Officers patrolled visibly to prevent
thefts
◦ Officers were salaried – prohibited from taking
fees
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Development in England
(continued)
The Metropolitan Police Act of 1829 recorded a
distinction between
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Police – maintain law and order
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Private security – security for private property
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Development in the U.S. and TX
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The watch system was imported from England
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New York, 1783 – the first formal policing
agency, followed by Detroit, Cincinnati,
and Chicago
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New York, 1844 – the first public police force was
established
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Moral societies, including evangelical police,
which enforced Puritan propriety
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Notable People in the U.S.
Allan Pinkerton (1819-1884)
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1850 – formed Chicago’s first private detective
agency
1857 – founded the North West Police Agency,
providing security for the railroad industry
1859 – founded the Pinkerton Protection Patrol,
providing guard services for industrial companies
Pinkerton is considered the father of the private
security industry
1880s – Pinkerton maintained records of known
criminals – the only general file of the time
Pinkerton’s, Inc. is still one of the largest agencies
providing security services in the U.S.
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Notable People in the U.S.
(continued)
Allan Pinkerton – Fun facts
• Pinkerton fled to the U.S. from Scotland to
escape arrest for political and social reform
efforts
• The Pinkerton Agency is credited with chasing
Butch Cassidy’s gang across the West into
South America
• The Battle of Homestead – the infamous
incident between mill laborers and Pinkerton
officers in which women and children of the
laborers on strike humiliated Pinkerton agents
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Notable People in the U.S.
(continued)
Wells and Fargo – the American Express
Company partners for express freight
delivery; used employees as security officers
 Washington Perry Brink – started Brinks, Inc.
as a package delivery service; now the
largest armored car and courier service in the
U.S.
 Edwin Holmes – the first burglar alarm
service
 American District Telegraph (ADT) – installed,
monitored, and maintained alarm systems;
responded to home alarm situations; services
more than 5 million homes and 2 million
businesses worldwide
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Notable People in the U.S.
(continued)
George R. Wackenhut
• Left the FBI in 1954 to start Special Agent Investigators, a
private security company
• Forerunner for integrated security solutions, integrating
physical security and electronic security equipment
• Wackenhut Nuclear Services – protects more than half of the
U.S. commercial nuclear power-generating plants
• Wackenhut Services, Inc. – now the largest contract security
provider to the federal government
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Development in the U.S. and TX
(continued)
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The Texas Department of Public Safety Private
Security Bureau originated in 1969 as the Texas
Board of Private Investigators and Private Security
Agencies
1998 – renamed as the Texas Commission on
Private Security then associated with Texas
Department of Public Safety in September 2003
In 2004 it was abolished and reestablished as the
Department's Private Security Bureau
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Professional Security
Associations
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American Society for Industrial Security
(ASIS)
◦ The first professional organization for security
personnel
◦ Still the largest, with more than 35,000 members
worldwide
◦ Its mission is to increase the effectiveness of
security professionals and advocate the value of
security management
◦ Certification programs include Certified Protection
Professional, Physical Security Professional, and
Professional Certified Investigator
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Professional Security
Associations (continued)
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National Association of Security Companies
(NASCO)
◦ The largest contract security trade association
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National Council of investigation and
Security Services, Inc. (NCISS)
◦ Provides private security and investigation services to legal,
business, and government professionals, and the public
◦ Addresses overly restrictive legislation for training and
standards, local licensing, and public misunderstanding of
the role of private investigators and security services.
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Today’s Role of Private Security
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Private security agencies have moved beyond
simply protecting private property
The line between what is public and private
property and who is responsible for policing it is
blurred
Private Security has advanced cyber security
operations
Private security has interfaced with
U.S. state and city police agencies
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Today’s Role of Private Security
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(continued)
Private security includes a wide variety of roles:
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Maintaining order in private and public places
Hospital security
Investigating alleged crimes
Detaining alleged criminals in public spaces
Training partner nations
Providing ground and aviation logistics support
Patrolling mass private property
Guarding federal, state, city, and private facilities
Working with the armed forces worldwide
Supporting the operations of Customs and the Border Patrol
Providing screening at airports and other U.S. transportation
facilities
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Training Standards
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Training and qualification standards for contract
security officers are subject to applicable state and
federal regulations
Standards may require
◦ An extensive background check and exam
◦ Certification for CPR, domestic violence, and
first-aid
◦ Initial handgun proficiency and annual weapons
requalification
◦ Drug testing
◦ Uniform requirements
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Federal Customers
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Federal customers for contract
security include
◦ Federal Protective Services (FPS)
◦ Department of Defense
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Regulation of Private Security
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Federal
◦ Persons employed by federal agencies
are regulated by the federal agency
involved
◦ U.S. Private Security Officer Employment
Act of 2004 – provides a convenient way
for employers to obtain criminal histories
from different states
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Regulation of Private Security
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State
◦ Training requirements range widely from a minimum of 4
hours to 40-plus hours
◦ Background screening – ranges from local to national
criminal checks
◦ Additional requirements exist for armed officers
◦ The trend is toward increased state regulation
◦ Occupations Code Title 10 – occupations related to law
enforcement and security Chapter 1702. Private security
◦ There are 5 levels of private security officer in the State of
Texas: I, II, III, IV and Manager
◦ There are various occupational levels of Private Security
Officer, Commissioned and Noncommissioned Officer,
Private Investigator, Security Manager/Owner, and Process
Server
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Regulation of Private Security
(continued)
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Licensed private security officers must
usually
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Be at least 18
Pass a background check
Complete classroom training
Pass random and ongoing drug tests
Be a U.S. citizen or be authorized to work in the
U.S.
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Transformation of Policing
◦ Policing, the activity of making societies safe, is no
longer carried out exclusively by governments
◦ Private security officers outnumber public police in
most countries
◦ People spend more time in places where visible crime
prevention and control are provided by
nongovernmental groups
◦ This transformation is occurring worldwide, regardless
of differences in wealth or economic systems
◦ The transformation is more accurately defined as
multilateralization instead of privatization; public and
private are being combined in new ways that make it
difficult to separate public from private.
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Resources

9780205592401, Introduction to Private Security:Theory Meets Practice, Roberson
& Birzer, Prentice Hall, 2010.
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Occupations Code. Title 10. Chapter 1702. Private security
http://www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us/Docs/OC/htm/OC.1702.htm
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Texas Private Security Bureau (PSB), Texas Department of Public Safety
http://www.txdps.state.tx.us/psb/ncso.htm
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U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services http://www.uscis.gov/portal/site/uscis
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American Society for Industrial Security (ASIS)
http://www.asisonline.org/about/history/index.xml
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Texas Private Security Bureau (PSB) http://www.txdps.state.tx.us/psb/ncso.htm
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U.S. Citizen and Immigration Services (USCIS)
http://www.uscis.gov/portal/site/uscis
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American Society for Industrial Security (ASIS) http://www.asisonline.org/
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National Council of Investigation and Security Services (NCISS)
http://www.nciss.org/
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National Association of Security Companies (NASCO) http://www.nasco.org/
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