Transcript themegallery

L/O/G/O
Anvisman
Mayarni, S.Pd., M.Si
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Organisasi Tingkat Kimia
Semua zat yang berada di alam terdiri dari elemen
Elemen yt zat yang tidak bisa lagi dibagi melalui reaksi kimia bisa
Elemen berjumlah 106 macam dimana 92 macam didapat secara alamiah.
Dari semua elemen 24 macam terdapat dalam tubuh yt C, H, O, N mencakup
96% berat badan
Ca dan P 3 % dan 18 lainya yt Na, K, Cl, Fe, I, Cu dsb mencakup kurang
lebih 1 % berat badan
Elemen terdiri dari atom,
atom terkecil adalah H
Atom H berpenampang 1 A
1 A = 1/ 10 nm = 1/10.000 mikron = 1/
10.000.000 mm =
1/ 100.000.000 cm
ATom terdiri dr inti dan elektron
Dalam inti ada partikel yg bermuatan positif yt
proton dan partikel yang tidak
bermuatan(netron)
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Elektron bermuatan negatif
dan mengelilingi inti
. Bila atom bersenyawa dg yg lain disebut reaksi
kimia
• Pada reaksi terbentuk produk baru
• Khusus reaksi kimia ini yg menjadi dasar
kehidupan
• Jumlah proton dlm inti disebut nomor atom jumlah
proton tambah netron disebut berat atom
• Elektron bergerak mengelilingi inti dalam berbagai
orbit yg disebut tingkatan energi.
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Sambungan
.ket:
.Tiap orbit berjarak tertentu dr inti
.Mempunyai jumlah elektron maksimun tertentu
.Orbit ke 1 maksimum 2 elektron,orbit ke 2 max 8.
.Orbit ke 3 yg bernomor atom kecil dr 20 max 8 elekt
. bernomor atom besar dr 20 bisa mengorbit 18 elekt
.Semua atom berupaya oebit terluarnya mengikat
elektron maksimum
.Untuk ini atom bisa melepaskan elektron terluar
atau mengambil elektron dr atom lain
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sambungan
.Atau bisa juga 1 elektron mengorbit pada 2 inti
1P+
2pT2
p2
Atom Hidrogen
Nomor atom 1
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Atom yg orbit terluarnya tdk
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Terisi penuh elektron bertendensi dg atom lain agar
orbit terluarnya terisi penuh elektron
Reaksi in disebut reaksi kimia
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Sambungan
.ket:
.Atom yg orbit terluarnya terisi penuh elekt elemen
innert dan tdk mudah ikut reaksi kimia cont. helium
Bila dua atau lebih bersenyawa menghasilkan
molekul bisa bersenyawa dg atom sama / beda
. Atom dalam satu molekul diikat oleh gaya tarik
disebut ikatan kimia
. Ada tiga jenis ikatan kimia yt ikatan ionik, ikatan
kovalen dan ikatan hidrogen
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Sambungan
.Ikatan ionik
.Untuk menerangkan ikatan ionik kita ambil contoh
.Atom Clor 17 proton, 18 netron pd inti dg orbit
elektron: 2 : 8 : 7, agar orbit terluar menjadi 8 clor
bertendensi mengambil 1 elektron dr atom lain
. Bila elektron pada orbit terluar 8 maka Clor
sekarang kelebihan 1 elektron bermuatan negatif
. Sekarang sebagai Cl.Natrium dg inti 11 proton dan 12 netron. Orbit
elektronya 2: 8 : 1 Na bertendensi melepas 1
elektron. Na skrg 11 proton 10 elektron = Na +
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Sambungan
.Na skrg hanya punya 2orbit elektron yt 2 : 8 yg
stabil
. Atom Cl- dan Na + saling tarik menarik karena berbeda
muatan
. Gaya tarik ini menyebabkan mengikat Na Cl menjadi molekul
NaCl (garam dapur
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L/O/G/O
Thank you!
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