Transcript Chapter 1 Power Point.pptx

Key Ideas:
• Natural and political
boundaries separate
Washington from its
neighbors
• Geography influences
where people live and
what they do
• Over time, people have
changed the land and
resources of Washington
Key Terms:
• Cultural Characteristics
• Headwaters
• Hydroelectric
• Physical Characteristics
• Spatial Pattern
• Temperate
• Tributary
Geography: The study of earth’s land,
water, people, and other living things
Geology: A science that deals with the
history of the earth and its life,
especially as recorded in rocks
Location:
• The northwest corner of
the US
• Between the 46th and
49th parallels north
latitude
• Between 117 degrees
and 125 degrees west
longitude
Boundaries:
• Canada = northern
boundary
• Pacific Ocean & Strait
of Juan de Fuca =
western boundaries
• Columbia River &
Oregon = southern
boundaries
• A political boundary
separates Washington
and Idaho
Spatial Patterns: the location and arrangement of natural and
human features of the land
All Locations Have:
Physical Characteristics:
• Natural features to the land
• Washington has lots of physical features
• Rocky beaches, islands, miles of forests, mountains,
volcanoes, deep rivers, gorges, deserts, and rich farmland
Cultural Characteristics:
• Human features to the land
• These features include, languages, religion, art, and any other
behavior structures
• Coastlines, rivers, deserts, and
mountains affect where people live
and work
• A challenging natural environment
drives settlers away
• Human damage –
• In the past, Washington’s
natural resources suffered due
to human wastefulness
It helped develop the Northwest Region• Indian tribes and early fur trappers use the river for
transportation and food
• The river became a source of a thriving salmon industry
Physical Features:
• The source is in Columbia
Lake, high in British
Columbia, Canada
• The river has many
tributaries and flows into
the Pacific Ocean
• The most powerful river in
North America for
hydroelectric energy
1. Providing physical
boundary for Washington
2. Hydroelectric Energy
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Electricity that is powered
by water
Dams produce electricity
The dams on the Columbia
produce more electricity
than any other state
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157 miles of ocean coastline
Strait of Juan de Fuca has
3,000 miles of coastline
The Pacific Ocean and Puget
Sound are the source of the
fishing industry
Shipping goods in and out of
harbors links Washington to
the rest of the world
Winds from the ocean give
Washington a temperate, or
mild climate
Answer the following questions on your what did you learn record.
• Use the textbook and your notes to help you
1. What boundaries separate Washington
from its neighbors?
2. How does geography influence spatial
patterns?
3. What changes have people made to
the land and resources of Washington?
Key Ideas:
• Washington is part of
the Pacific Northwest
and the Pacific Rim
• Washington has five land
regions, all with very
different features
• Most of Washington’s
population lives in the
Puget Sound Lowlands
Key Terms:
• Commerce
• Lowlands
• Metropolitan
• Pacific Rim
• Plateau
• Prominent
• Region
Region – places that
share common features
• Washington is in
several regions
• The Pacific Northwest
region
• The Pacific Rim region
• A region of the
countries that
border the Pacific
Ocean
1. The Coastal
Range
2. Puget Sound
Lowlands
3. Cascade Range
4. Columbia Plateau
5. Rocky Mountains
• This narrow region includes: a rainforest,
Olympic Mountains, and several forests
• Rich in natural resources and plants
• Not a lot of industry, economy relies on
tourists
• The lowlands make up the plains and valleys
of the Puget Sound region
• The population center of the state
• Important location for industry, such as
shipping
• Also has the state’s richest farming areas
• Washington’s most prominent geographic
feature
• The rugged mountain range divides the land
with volcanos and glaciers
• The mountain range creates the differences
in climate and rainfall between sides of the
state
• Covers most of eastern Washington
• Driest areas in the state
• Irrigated land grow a large amount
of crops
• Spokane is the metropolitan center
• Often called the Okanogan
Highlands
• A farming, mining, ranching, and
lumber region
Answer the following questions on your what did you learn record.
• Use the textbook and your notes to help you
1. What common features and activities
make Washington part of both the Pacific
Northwest and Pacific Rim?
2. Compare and contrast two of
Washington's five land regions.
3. Why does most of Washington’s
population live in the Puget Sound
Lowlands?
Key Ideas:
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Most of Washington was
under water at one time
Earthquakes, volcanoes,
and floods shaped the
mountains, valleys, and
plateaus
Fossils provide clues about
the animals and plants
that once lived here
Key Terms:
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Aquifer
Coulee
Dormant
Fault
Fissure
Fossil fuel
Lahar
Loess
Molten
Subterranean
Tectonic
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Scientists believe
Washington is made of
several continents
Tectonic forces…
• Folded earth’s crust to
create the mountains
• Left fault lines that cause
earthquakes
Volcanic action also created
mountains
The Cascades and Olympic
Mountain are part of the
Ring of Fire
1. Tectonic Forces
• Tectonic forces are forces within the earth’s crust that cause
movement
• Mountain ranges are formed when the earth’s crust is uplifted,
tilted, and folded in various ways
1. Mountains of Fire (Volcanoes)
• The Ring of Fire is a series of volcanoes lining the Pacific Ocean
• The molten rock (lava) rises to the surface of the earth in an
explosion, building the mountain higher and higher
• The “sleeping giants” are the mountains in Washington that are
considered dormant
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Mt. St. Helens erupted on
May 18, 1980
It is one of the youngest and
most active volcanoes in the
Cascades
There was a two month
warning it would erupt,
earthquakes were the
warning signs
The eruption made the
mountain 1,314 feet shorter
The volcano is still active,
and it will erupt again
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The ice age in Washington
was 10,000 to 1 million years
ago
This ice age helped to shape
what Washington is today
The glaciers shaped the
Puget Sound Lowlands
The melting glaciers caused
floods that created lakes
The floods also created the
aquifer that Spokane gets its
water
Aquifer – a deep layer of rock that holds water
• The floods also created the Grand Coulee
• Coulee is a dry streambed
• King, Kittitas, and Lewis
counties have large coal
deposits
• Subterranean deposits
of coal and fossils are
ones that stay under the
ground
• Fossil fuels are the
subterranean deposits
that can be burned for
energy
Answer the following questions on your what did you learn record.
• Use the textbook and your notes to help you
1. Where was the coast of Washington
millions of years ago?
2. Identify the main forces that shaped the
landscape of our state.
3. What have geologists learned about
Washington from fossils?