Transcript Lesson 3-3 Urbanization

UNIT #3 – URBANIZATION
LESSON #3 Urban Growth (118-121)
New Plan for Composition
Book:
• ESSENTIAL
QUESTIONS
11. What were some of
the problems
associated with the
fast growth of cities?
12. What were the
conditions of a home
for a poor person in
the city?
NEW VOCABULARY
Urban
Skyscraper
Tenement
Political machine
Graft
Essential Questions
11. What were some of the problems
associated with the fast growth of cities?
12. What were the conditions of a home for
a poor person in the city?
City Skyline
What changed in
the city?
What problems do you
think will be associated
with an increase in
population?
Immigration – late 1800s
Immigration – late 1800s
What was the big change from around 1880 to around 1900?
Asian Immigrants:
immediately worked toward
owning their own business
“ When I went to work for that American family
I
could not speak a word of English, and I did not know
anything about housework. The family consisted of
husband, wife, and two children.
They were very good to me and paid me $3.50 a week,
of which I could save $3. . . . I worked for two years as
a servant . . . and I was now ready to start in
business.”
—Chinese immigrant Lee Chew
Where do you think these folks are from?
What do you think their skills are?
About 9 million immigrants arrived in the
United States from 1880 to 1900.
In 1860 about one percent of all immigrants
came from Southern or Eastern Europe. By
1910 more than 70 percent came from
those regions.
Italian Immigrants
In the United States, most new immigrants
were uneducated agricultural workers with few
language skills. Most settled in cities in ethnic
communities and worked in factories.
Italian Immigrants
Why are we concerned with the
Italian immigration at the end of
the 1800s?
Why did most Italian immigrants
become poor factory workers?
Fast growth in cities
•
Urban population ballooned from 10 million in 1870 to more than
30 million in 1900.
•
Most immigrants could neither buy land due to lack of money nor
attain well-paying employment due to lack of education.
Immigrants worked long hours in factories and were paid very low
wages.
•
Cities offered electricity, running water, and modern plumbing. They
were also home to cultural attractions such as museums and
libraries.
•
Mass transit efficiently moved residents through cities. At first,
mass transit consisted of cable cars. Later, elevated and
underground trains were built. The city of Boston opened the
nation's first subway system in 1897, and New York City and
Philadelphia followed over the next decade.
Urbanization
Reflection Question
What do you think would be some
differences between how the rich and
the poor live in the cities?
Explain your opinion.
Problems of Urbanization
• Read p. 120
• List the problems associated with city
living and urban growth.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Disease
Pollution
Crime
Fire
Violence
The “political machine”
• Read p. 120-121
1. Define the term “political machine.”
–
Informal political group designed to gain and keep power
2. What did the immigrant gain from this system?
–
Jobs, sometimes a house and food
3. Why did the “political boss” help immigrants and the
poor?
–
Votes and power
The
“political
machine”
What was the
“political machine”?
Were the political
machines good for
America?
Were they good for
Americans?
Urban Problems
The increase
in industrial
encouraged
• Crime:
Crimejobs
increased
along with urban populations.
large numbers
of Americans
andworsened by alcohol use. Some
Violent
crime was
immigrantsreformers
to settle in cities.
believed that saloons contributed to poverty
and corruption.
•
Pollution and Disease: Disease and pollution were
serious problems. City drinking water was contaminated
by sewage, causing epidemics of typhoid fever and
cholera.
•
Corruption: Corrupt political machines began trading
votes for jobs, housing, and food. New York City's
Tammany Hall was the most corrupt political machine
in urban history. It was led by William "Boss" Tweed
during the 1860s and 1870s.
New industrial technology allowed cities to
grow even larger with the development of
Describe details of this picture
the skyscraper, the elevator, and the trolley
As cities grew, pollution, crime, disease, car.
and fires became serious problems.
In a building built with a steel frame, the
frame carries the weight, allowing the
building to be much taller than stone or
wood structures.
On a new “skyscraper” building like this,
what new invention will also be needed?
Elisha Otis invented the safety elevator in
1852. By the late 1880s, the first electric
elevators had been installed, making tall
buildings practical.
One of the first structures to showcase the
possibilities of steel construction was the
Eiffel Tower, built for the Paris Exposition of
1889.
With steel beams used for support instead
of walls, windows could be larger.
Describe this picture
City Living…
Describe what you see here…
The upper class could afford
elaborate mansions and many
servants.
This image shows an upper-class
family enjoying their leisure time
with an afternoon tea in the garden.
Clothing was elaborate and
expensive.
Compare this picture to the
previous one…
THIS IS A MIDDLE CLASS HOME
Describe what you see here…
What do you think makes them different?
Many families had at least one servant
(shown here in back holding the baby) and
Middle-class families could generally enough money left over to buy luxuries,
such as the new gramophone shown here.
afford their own homes and betterquality clothing. Women rarely worked—and if they did, it was usually
because they wanted a career, not out of necessity.
What was different about
Upper and Middle class?
Almost 70 percent of all Americans
aged 65 or older lived with their
grown children.
By the middle of the nineteenth century,
immigration had increased the population
in the Lower East Side of Manhattan from
312,710 to 515,547 people—an increase of
more than 60 percent.
Soon developers began building cheaplymade structures intended for immigrants
desperate for housing.
The houses intended for one family
were divided into tiny apartments.
Floors were added, making each
house as high as six stories.
In New York City, some
estimates showed that by 1867,
more than half the population of
the entire city lived in horrible
conditions in tenements that
were falling apart.
Tenement Living
Describe a “tenement.”
What would make it
uncomfortable, and even
unsafe?
Poor sanitation encouraged the spread of
diseases, such as cholera and dysentery,
that resulted in many deaths.
The shacks were put together with
whatever lay at hand. Wood from cast-off
shipping crates, broken bricks, and tar
paper offered at least a little protection from
the weather. Fire was a constant hazard.
This is how the poorest
Americans lived.
Describe their conditions.
Extreme poverty such as this often
existed within just a few city blocks of
extreme wealth.
The Extreme Poor in America
How was life for the
poorest Americans
different than the
Middle class?
Urbanization
Reflection Question
Do class divisions continue to exist in
the United States today?
Explain your opinion.