Transcript dpmi-2a.ppt
How Do Projects and Programs Emerge? An introduction to the project cycle The Project Cycle Situation Assess Monitor Evaluate Implement ADVOCACY Analyze Plan, design Redesign Another View • Situation analysis • Problem tree/objective tree creation • Generation of strategy options Program or Project Design Situation Analysis: Emergency Response Example Vulnerabilities Physical/ Material Social/ Organizational Motivational/ Attitudinal Elderly people and children - difficult to get food aid Capacities Food and income from local farming HIV / AIDS: demographic age shift Tradition of family care Mass bereavement Commitment to education Situation Analysis: Shelter Problem Tree High mortality Measles Poor vaccination coverage Lack of dignity Acute respiratory infections Cold damp weather Improper clothing Overcrowding in shelters Improper drugs Politics of keeping displaced people away from host population Hard shelter contaminated Few temporary shelters Situation Analysis: Health Problem Tree High mortality Traumatic injury Measles ARI Poor vaccination coverage Improper drugs Fuel wood far away Too few doctors Malaria Diarrhea Violence against women Communal washing far away Violence against minorities War economy Inadequate clinics Poor drugs Land tenure Political crisis Historical situation of poor wealth sharing Not enough clinics Population doubles in town Population displacement Situation Analysis: Nutrition Problem Tree Disease burden Improper food basket • calories • palatability Low purchasing power, low income for sold rations Few other assets Theft en route to city War economy Malnutrition Micronutrient Deficiencies (pellagra) Inability to prepare food No stoves No local purchases Pipeline delays Insecurity in lowlands Lack of dignity Changed social environment Women take too much time collecting fuel No blended food Fuel is in distant lowlands Violence against women Washing facilities too far away Hyperinflation Rapid growth, too much debt, devalued currency Donor politics, fatigue low strategic value Situation Analysis: Food Security Problem Tree Lack of dignity and malnutrition Improper food basket • caloric value • palatability Pipeline delays Low purchasing power Few other assets Stoves No local purchases Hyperinflation Theft en route War economy Inability to prepare food Security in lowlands Transporter contractual problems • lost paperwork • auditors • unpaid invoices Women spending too much time collecting firewood Fuel far away in insecure farmlands Monitoring A continuous and systematic process of recording, collecting, measuring, analyzing and communicating information Monitoring Focus Progress of project implementation Developments in the project environment Analysis of interaction between: project and environment Guiding Principles for Monitoring • Focuses on the most basic information rerequired for each level of responsibility • Uses participatory methods • Creates an obligation to act on the operational and strategic implications of information received Evaluation Systematic and impartial examination of a project or program intended to draw lessons that contribute to...: • Improved policy and practice • Enhanced accountability Monitoring and Evaluation • Use indicators • Always focus on improving • May also involve proving