Transcript chapter 7 launching the nation.ppt

WELCOME
BACK!
DAY 1
Welcome Back-Monday share out!!!
• ATTENDANCE/REVIEW SEATS &
CHROMEBOOK NUMBERS
•EXPECTATIONS/OVERVIEW OF
REMAINING CHPTRS
• GRADE JAMES MADISON TEST
WHOLE CLASS
• PARCC PRACTICE TEST CHART
FOR ELA AND MATH - SEE NEXT
SLIDE
DAY 2 - SKIP
• ATTENDANCE
• PARCC PRACTICE TESTS – go to
http://www.parcconline.org/ - This is the
PARCC test site
• CLICK ON “FOR STUDENTS” ON THE
RIGHT SIDE
• SCROLL DOWN AND CLICK ON “TRY
A PRACTICE TEST”
• CHOOSE ELA OR MATH, GRADE 7,
COMPUTER-BASED - DO THE OTHER
TEST WHEN YOU ARE DONE (ELA
AND MATH)
DAY 2 cont’d
• TAKE THE CURRENT EVENT QUIZ it is a CLASSWORK GRADE & also
goes towards another award at the
end of the year - turn into the bin
• WHEN YOU ARE DONE W/THAT
SKIM READ through chapter 7 in
textbook - pay attention to section
headings, graphics, highlighted vocab,
etc., etc.
• KTP WHEN DONE - I WILL ASK YOU
A ? ON THE READING FIRST
DAY 3
•BELL WORK - IN YOUR NOTES
SECTION - WHAT MIGHT BE
SOME CHALLENGES FOR A NEW
NATION? WHAT WOULD YOUR
FIRST ACTIONS BE AS A NEW
GOVERNMENT? (ex. borders,
money, rules, etc.)
•CHPTR 7 KTP ON LOOSE LEAF definition and significance DUE FRI
1/22
7.1 Washington
Leads
a New Nation
The Big Ideas
• President Washington and members of Congress
established a new national government
•
In 1789 George Washington became the first
president of the United States
• Congress and the president organized the executive
and judicial branches of government
• Americans had high expectations of their new
government
The First President
• George Washington
– Hero of the Revolution, true
gentlemen from VA planter family
– Land rich/cash poor - borrowed
money for cab fare to get to own
inauguration!
– Many wanted him to be president –
he wanted a quiet life and better
teeth (HTC) - weaknesses of the
Articles brought him out of Mt.
Vernon in an effort to help country
– Owned largest whiskey distillery
post-Presidency - Mt. Vernon
The First President
• January 1789 – Each of
the 11 states that had
passed the Constitution
sent Electors to meet
and vote for a President
– Electoral College:
• The body of electors who
represent the people’s vote
in choosing the president
– Washington
• President by unanimous vote
– John Adams
• Vice President
The First President
• First Lady Martha Custis
Washington
– Born into elite social status and
enjoyed traditional customs
– Married twice – first for true
love to the wealthy and educated
Daniel Custis, later for
companionship to GW an
uneducated military man; four
children, two died in childhood
– Liked to focus First Lady position
on entertaining, social events,
etc. - Debutante/Socialite
Judith Sargent Murray, Abigail
Adams, and others believed in
“Republican Motherhood”
•Believed women should play a
greater role in the new nation
than Martha Washington did
Women in the New Nation
• Others in RM believed that women
played an important role just by
teaching their children to be good
citizens
• Some hoped that more women
would receive an education,
because few families provided
much education for their
daughters
• Most women in the early
republic managed their
households and worked hard
inside or outside the home to
support their families
Organizing the
Government
Executive Branch
•New government set Precedents
– Action or Decision (ex. policies &
procedures) that sets a pattern/example
for the future
•First Congress created departments in Exec.
Branch for every area of policy – dept. heads
are called cabinet members – a President’s
cabinet serve as his advisers
2 Most important -
•Alexander Hamilton
– Secretary of the Treasury (money)
•Thomas Jefferson
– Secretary of State (international
relationships)
Organizing the Government
Judicial Branch - Judiciary Act of 1789
•Passed by Congress to set up the Federal court
system
•Three levels of federal courts & defined powers
•Set up federal district courts and circuit courts
of appeal
•President nominated federal judges (must be
approved or rejected by Senate)
GW – “success of the national govt…depend in…
interpretation & execution of its laws” considered this
branch to be most important for govt.
America’s Expectations
for the Nation
• U.S. Population in 1790
• 4 million (pop. of Los Angeles)
• RURAL - farmers
Rural 95%
• Wanted fair tax laws, little interference
• Right to settle western lands
• URBAN - Merchants, laborers, &
craftspeople
• Wanted help with their businesses
• Simple trade & protective foreign
competition laws
• Philadelphia and NYC populations > 25,000
• New York City
• First Capitol of US
• Trade center and economic hub
• Federal Hall 1797 GW Inauguration
7.2 Hamilton
and National
Finances
The Big Ideas
• Treasury secretary Alexander Hamilton
developed a financial plan for the
national government/tackled the
problem of settling national and state
debt (WAR debt)
• Thomas Jefferson opposed Hamilton’s
views on government and the economy
(Frenemies)
• Hamilton created a national bank to
strengthen the U.S. economy
Settling the Debt
• Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton –
good looking, financially smart, wealthy
elitist - **Won Trial of the Century then
killed by Aaron Burr
• Biggest challenge - paying off national debt
(money owed by the United States)
• $11.7 million to foreign countries & $40.4
million to U.S. citizens
• Hamilton planned to pay foreign debt first, and
all American bonds debt at full value
• Some politicians (Thomas Jefferson) opposed
the plan*, but Hamilton went ahead
• *Speculators were buying Americans’ bonds at
cut costs; giving them full value would = profit
States’ Debt
• States’ Owed $25 million in
Revolutionary War expenses
• Hamilton wanted Federal Govt. to pay $21.5
mill of the States’ debts to help the national
economy (develop business,trade)
• South did not want the Federal Government to
pay States’ debts (VA, NC) – called
unconstitutional by some such as Patrick Henry
• 1791 - Won South’s (and Jefferson/Madison’s)
support by getting northern approval to move
the national capital from NY to Philly
• 10 yrs. later capitol is Washington, D.C. (part
Maryland, part Virginia)
Jefferson Opposes Hamilton
– Bro versus Bro
Hamilton’s Views
• Authority - Strong central
government
• Balance of power between the
“mass of people” and wealthier
citizens (little faith in average
individuals)
• Economy - Promote
manufacturing & business
• BUY USA! Higher tariffs on
foreign goods to protect
American manufacturers
Jefferson Opposes Hamilton
– Bro versus Bro
Jefferson’s Views
• Authority - Protect the states
power
• Right of “the people” to rule
the country (and they are
capable enough)
• Economy - Supported
agriculture & farmers –
• Farmers are most independent
voters & self-sustained people
• Lower tariffs to keep costs low
for goods farmers bought
Major Bro Fight - A National Bank
• 1791 - Hamilton wanted national bank in which the
govt. could safely deposit its money
• Bank would also make loans to the govt. and to
businesses, build a mint to issue nation’s own
money
• He knew that states’ rights supporters would
oppose his idea, so suggested limiting the bank to
a 20-year charter & also have each state start its
own bank (so no monopoly)
Major Bro Fight – A National Bank
• True Friends: Jefferson &
Madison agreed that
– Economic plans gave too much power
to the national government
– Constitution did not give Congress
the power to create the bank
(Elastic Clause??)
• They favored a Strict
Construction view of the
Constitution
– Govt. should do only what the
Constitution says it can do
Major Bro Fight – A National Bank
• Hamilton
• Loose Construction of the
Constitution
• Govt. can take reasonable actions the
Constitution does not specifically
forbid
• WINNER! President
Washington & Congress
agreed with Hamilton that it
would provide stability for
the U.S. economy
• The Bank of the United
States
• Country’s first national bank —
chartered in 1791
7.3 Challenges for the New
Nation
The Big Ideas
• The United States faced significant foreign and
domestic challenges under Washington
• The United States tried to remain neutral
regarding events in Europe - French Revolution
• The United States and Native Americans came
into conflict in the Northwest Territory
• The Whiskey Rebellion tested Washington’s
administration
• In his Farewell Address, Washington advised the
nation
https://youtu.be/r161cLYzuDI SHOW 2:10 - 9:16
Remaining Neutral
• July 14, 1789 The French Revolution begins with
the Storming of the Bastille
•
Against the French King/Created a Republican Govt
• Beheaded King Louis XVI and Queen Marie-Antoinette
“let them eat cake”
• France and Great Britain later went to war
• Thomas Jefferson supported French - Hamilton
supported British - President wanted to remain neutral
(safest plan for the U.S. in the long run)
• 1793 - Neutrality Proclamation – U.S. would not take
sides – Madison and others thought this act
unconstitutional without Congressional approval!
Other Challenges to U.S.
Neutrality
Jay’s Treaty – not great work
• 1793 Jefferson resigns from Cabinet
• British were seizing American ships in the
French West Indies - Washington wanted to
prevent another war; so did the British
• 1794 Jay’s Treaty - Settled disputes
between the two countries in the 1790s
• Unpopular in the United States – didn’t
punish Brits enough
Chief Justice –
John Jay
Other Challenges to U.S.
Neutrality
Pinckney’s Treaty- pretty good
• Spanish disputed the U.S./Florida border
• 1784 Spain closed New Orleans port to
U.S. trade - Hurt American economy
• Pinckney’s Treaty signed in 1795
• South. U.S. border was set at 31° N latitude
• Port of New Orleans reopened, no cargo
fees for US!
Ambassador Thomas Pinckney
Conflict in the Northwest Territory
•
Americans settled in the Northwest Territory despite Native
Americans’ protests – shocker ☺
•
Native Americans went to war (supplied by British traders w guns)
•
1790 Early Nat. Amer. victories under Chief Little Turtle
•
1794 Battle of Fallen Timbers – General Wayne - brutal, Brits
stop helping them, we win
The Treaty of Greenville
– Ended the war - 1795
– Gave us Nat American lands in Northwest Territory
– Govt. gave them an acknowledgement of lands they still
held and $20,000 in goods
•
The Whiskey Rebellion
• March 1791: Tax on American-made
whiskey – Hamilton is testing the Fed
power over States
Reactions
• People in Western PA were angry
(think Tea Party) - govt not giving
them enough protection/ trade
• Whiskey was a cash crop to western
PA farmers=$$$$
• Cases about the law were tried in
district courts
– often far away from the people
affected
The Whiskey Rebellion
• 1792 – President Wash. issues a
Proclamation to obey law
• 1794 Rebellion broke out –
tar/feather people, spreads across
states, “New Sons of Liberty”
• Washington enforces w federal
power, led an army against the
rebels
– Whiskey Rebellion ended
without a battle
Washington Says
Farewell
• 1796 - Wanted to leave public life
• Wrote Farewell Address to the people
• Warned against greatest dangers to the
Republic:
1. Forming foreign ties that could lead to
choosing sides in Wars
2. Warned the nation to work out its political
conflicts at home (growing political parties)
3. Warned against too much public debt –
govt should not borrow money
***GW “I anticipate…good laws under a free
government…”
7.4 John Adams’s Presidency
The Big Ideas
• The development of political parties in the
United States contributed to differing ideas about
the role of the federal government
• The rise of political parties created competition
in the election of 1796
• The XYZ affair caused problems for President
John Adams
• Controversy broke out over the Alien and
Sedition Acts
The Election of 1796
• Political parties began to form in 1790s
• Alexander Hamilton
Federalist Party
– strong federal government
• Thomas Jefferson & James Madison
Democratic-Republican Party
– limit the power of the fed. gvt.
•
Federalist John Adams defeated
Democratic-Republican candidate
Thomas Jefferson in 1796
• Adams is Pres., Jefferson Vice Pres.
President John Adams
• Had hard task of following GW – not a hero, not
as popular – also a huge meanie as he found
Americans “vile and despicable”
• Public enemy of Hamilton - Frenemy
• Other Founding Fathers distanced themselves
- he was political poison – wanted leaders to be
called “His Majesty”
• Leading Patriot during the Revolution War, later
a foreign diplomat
• Lacked Washington’s dignity - was respected
for his hard work, honesty, intelligence
President Adams & the XYZ Affair
• Early goal of Adams
– improve relations with France to have
international ally’s
• U.S. diplomats sent to France
• French foreign minister, Talleyrand,
would not meet them
• Three French agents secretly demanded
a bribe before they would discuss a
treaty with Americans
• The so-called XYZ Affair outraged
America
– Led to a call for war with France. They
would pay “millions for defense, but not
one cent for tribute.”
Preparing for War and Peace
Preparations for War
• Adams asked Congress to expand Navy to more than 30 ships
• Also asked Congress to approve a peacetime standing army
• However, Adams did NOT want war with France
Peace Efforts
• Federalists were stunned by Adams’s decision not to go to war
• American and French ships began fighting in the Caribbean - undeclared
naval Quasi-War
The Alien and Sedition
Acts
Alien and Sedition Acts
• 1798 Four laws passed by the Federalist-controlled Congress in
anticipation for war with France
– Created to crush Democratic-Republican opposition to war
bc lots of Republicans were immigrants and Federalists
wanted to show foreigners were disloyal
• Forbade anyone from publishing or voicing criticism of the federal
govt. (canceled basic protections of freedom of speech and
press) VERY UNconstitutional of you Founding Fathers!!!
• Increased residency requirements for citizenship; no one granted
citizenship from enemy nations
Kentucky and Virginia
Resolutions
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
• Jefferson & Madison viewed Alien Acts as
misuse of govt. power – wrote resolutions
passed by the Kentucky and Virginia
legislatures
• Argued that Alien Acts were unconstitutional
• Supported idea that states could challenge
the federal government – testing Fed.’s
back as they had tested them
• Jefferson does away with enforcement
when he becomes President
INTRO PROJECT
• A PERSUASIVE ARGUMENT
INTENDS TO 1) INFORM 2)
ARGUE and finally 3) PERSUADE
• To Persuade is to convince, make
someone believe, etc.
• Requires an Argument aka Claim
based on Evidence - the writer
must tie in the Claim and Evidence
using Explanation
INTRO PROJECT
• ATTENDANCE
• See instructions for paper writing
• Typed out, printed, and brought to
class stapled to the rubric on the
Due Date - 1/21
• Will small group present - 1 from
each Statesman
• BEGIN BY READING YOUR PACKET AND
TAKING NOTES - IT IS A CLASS SET SO
DON’T WRITE ON IT!
PROJECT WORK DAYS
• ATTENDANCE
• WORK DAY - WE ARE QUIET
• 1) READ THROUGH ALL OF YOUR
NOTES FROM SLIDES, PACKET,
VIDEOS, ETC.
• 2) WRITE IN YOUR GRAPHIC
ORGANIZER
• 3) FORMAT AND BEGIN YOUR
PAPER
WORK DAY
1. ATTENDANCE
2. WORK TIME - FREE SIT
3. GRAPH ORG CHECK-IN
LAST WORK DAY
1. ATTENDANCE
2. PEER EDIT
WEDNESDAY
1.ATTENDANCE
2.https://youtu.be/cFfCPeqhynk
25 CRAZY THINGS YOU DIDN’T
KNOW ABOUT WASHINGTON D.C.
1.QUIZ
2.H.T.C SACA
PRESENTATION DAY
1.ATTENDANCE
2.PRESENT SMALL GROUP
3.CHPTR 7 KTP DUE
4. CHPTR 8 KTP WORK TIME