Transcript 14.4 - 100 years war the plague

14.4 – 100 Years’ War & the
Plague
Setting the Stage
• 1300s was filled with natural and human
disasters
• An epidemic will kill millions & change the
economies of Europe
• England and France will fight wars &
eventually gain new/improved governments
• 1300: Pope Boniface VIII
tells King Philip IV of
France he must obey him
• Philip captures the pope
for trial in France, but is
rescued
• Boniface dies months
later; last time a pope
pushed control of a king
• 1305: College of Cardinals
select Clement V as pope
• Moves church to Avignon
Change in Location
The Great Schism
• The Church was
weakened by move
• 1379: Gregory XI dies in
Rome; Cardinals choose
Urban VI (Italian) as pope
• Cardinals choose Clement
VII months later
• Popes excommunicate
each other = Great Schism
• 1414 – There are three
popes!
– Council of Constance forces
them to resign
• 1417: Schism ends with
selection of Martin V
Challenge to the Church
• John Wycliffe preaches
Jesus Christ was head of
the church; not the pope
• Disgusted by wealth of
the clergy
• Jan Hus taught the Bible
was the final authority,
not the pope
• Excommunicated, tried as
a heretic, & burned at the
stake
Plague: Origins
• Bubonic plague kills 1/3 of
Europe’s population (25m)
• Rips apart society – p. 399
• The Plague started in Asia
& expanded through trade
• Named the Black Death
– Purple or black spots
• Hit Italy by way of Genoese
merchant ships
• Spreads throughout
Europe in 4 years
• Population falls
• Trade declines, prices
rise
• Serfs leave manor for
more money
• Nobles resist peasant
wages = revolts
• Jews persecuted;
blamed for the plague
• The Church loses
prestige: prayers not
answered, priests
abandon duties
Plague: Effects
100 Years’ War
• War marks end of
medieval Europe
• Edward III (Br.) claims
succession to French
throne
• Launches war (off & on)
from 1337-1453
• Britain gains the upper
hand early
• 1421-1453: French rally
& drive the English out of
France (- Calais)
• English introduce the
Longbow
• Battle of Crécy:
Outnumbered; defeat
French knights
• Longbow equalizes the
French knights &
crossbows – Why?
• Battles of Poitiers &
Agincourt – repeats of
Crécy
– End of Chivalric Warfare
Change in Warfare
Joan of Arc
• Joan of Arc moved by God
to rescue France from
England
– Heard voices of saints
• Wanted to give the crown
to Charles VII (Fr.) not
Henry V (Br.)
• 5/7/1429 – Joan leads
French to victory at
Orléans
– Charles crowned king at
Reims
• Captured, condemned as
a witch, and burned at
the stake as a heretic
• War ends in 1453
• Major Changes:
– Nationalism for both
France & England
– French monarch
increases power &
prestige
– English suffer
internal turmoil =
War of the Roses
• War ends great religious
devotion & the code of
chivalry
Impact of the War