Transcript animal traits

Animal Characteristics
SCISHOW ANIMAL ANATOMY
Traits ALL Animals Share:
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EUKARYOTIC: their DNA is contained inside a nucleus
HETEROTROPHS: have to eat other organisms to get
their energy
RESPIRATION: need to take in oxygen and give off
carbon dioxide
CIRCULATION: circulate blood and nutrients
throughout their bodies
EXCRETION: produce and excrete waste products,
mainly ammonia
RESPOND TO ENVIRONMENT: have sensory organs
(sight, hearing, touch)
MOVEMENT: all animals can move in some way
REPRODUCTION: all animals can reproduce sexually,
some asexually too
Animal Classification
 Two categories of animals: vertebrates and
invertebrates
 Invertebrates: 95% of all animal species
 Have NO backbone
Invertebrates
 Phylum Porifera
 Sea Sponges
Invertebrates
 Phylum Cnidaria: jellyfish, hydra
 Anemones, corals
Invertebrates
 Phylum Platyhelminthes: flatworms,
planarians, flukes
Invertebrates
 Phylum Nematoda:
roundworms
Invertebrates
 Phylum Mollusca: snails, squid, octopus, clams,
and oysters
Invertebrates
 Phylum Annelida: leeches, earthworms and
segmented sea worms
Invertebrates
 Phylum Echinodermata: starfish, sea urchins,
sea cucumbers, sand dollars
Invertebrates
 Phylum Arthropoda: insects, spiders, lobsters,
shrimp, crabs
Vertebrates
 Vertebrates: animals with a backbone
and notochord
 Phylum Chordata: fish, amphibians,
reptiles, birds, mammals
How Animals Get Their Food
 Filter feeders: Filter small organisms out of the
water or air
How Animals Get Their Food
 Parasites: Live in or on a host & consumes parts of the
organism
 Endoparasites: Live inside the host
 Exoparasites: Live outside the host
How Animals Get Their Food
 Herbivores: eat only plants and have long,
complex digestive system
How Animals Get Their Food
 Predators: Capture and eat other animals
How Animals Get Their Food
 Detritivores/Scavenger: Feed on dead
plants and animals
How animals get their food
 part 1
 part 2
Movement
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SESSILE: attached to something: little to no
movement (sponge, anemone)
SEDENTARY: move slowly or very little
(starfish, jellyfish) scallop scallop moving
MOTILE: can move quickly and freely (fish,
dog, lobster)
Tube Feet
 Tube
feet: help an
organism to move slowly
using suction cups
 tube feet
Specialized Limbs
 Specialized
limbs: allow for controlled, rapid
movement (fins, tentacles)
Jointed Limbs
 Jointed
limbs: allow for most range of
motion, speed and agility
Reproduction
 Sexual Reproduction: sperm fertilizes egg to
produce offspring genetically different than either
parent
sexual reproduction
 sponge spawning

Asexual Reproduction
 Asexual reproduction: the creation of offspring
by one only one parent
 creates offspring that is genetically identical to the
parent
 asexual reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
 Hermaphrodite: an organism that can produce
both sperm and egg
Reproduction
 Parthenogenesis: when a female produces
eggs that do not need to be fertilized by a male to
develop into offspring
Fission
 Fission: when the parent splits into 2 parts to create
offspring
 regeneration
Budding
 Budding: when a new offspring grows off the side of
the parent
 asexual budding

Symmetry
 Symmetry: the arrangement of an organisms body parts
 Asymmetrical: No plane of symmetry

Sponges
 Spherical : body parts are arranged around the center of
a sphere

Protozoans, bacteria
Symmetry
 Radial : body parts radiate out from a center point
 Starfish, anemone, jellyfish
 Bilateral: the 2 sides of the body are mirror
images

Butterfly, human, insect
Germ Layers
 animal development
 Germ layers: layers of cells that form during animal
development
 Endoderm = (inner) forms the lining of the digestive and
respiratory tracts
 Mesoderm = (middle) forms the muscular, circulatory,
reproductive, and excretory systems
 Ectoderm or exoderm = (outer) forms sensory organs,
nerves, and outer layers of skin
Body Cavities
 Acoelomate: no true body cavity, organs are free
floating in fluid
Body Cavities
 Pseudocoelomate: false body cavity enclosed
by a muscle layer
Body Cavities
 Coelom: true body cavity with many layers to
protect organs
Acoelomate, Pseudocoelomate, Coelomate
Other vocabulary
 Dorsal: back or top side
 Ventral: belly or bottom side
 Anterior: front or head side
 Posterior: back or tail side
 Superior: above or on top
 Inferior: below or under
 Caudal: tail region
 Coelom: body cavity
Vocabulary word parts
 A-, An-: no, not, without
 Auto-: self
 Mono-, uni-: one
 Heter0: other
 Bi-, diplo-: two
 Eu-: true
 Tri-: three
 Pseudo-: false
 Quad-: four
 Exo-, ecto-: outside
 Penta-: five
 Endo-: inside
 Hexa-: six
 Meso-: middle
 Epi-: above, on top
 Meta-: change
 Proto-: first
 Morph-: shape
Other Vocabulary
 Poly-: many
 Por-: opening, pore
 Olig-: few
 Astro-: star shaped
 Holo-: complete
 Arthr-: joint
 Derm-: skin
 Gastr-: stomach
 Cephal-: head
 Os-, oste-: bone
 Chondr-: cartilage
 Hirundi-: leech
 Malac-: softened
 Cnidos-: stinging
 Cteno-: comb-like
 Echin-: spiny
 -troph: nutrition
 Hydr-: water
 -phora: to bear
 Pycn-: thick, dense
 -pod, -ped: foot
 Platy-: flat
 -zoa: animal life
 Monoecious: both sexes in one animal
 Dioecious: one sex in 2 different animals