Transcript Figure 9-1a
POWERPOINT® LECTURE SLIDE PRESENTATION by LYNN CIALDELLA, MA, MBA, The University of Texas at Austin UNIT 2 9 PART A The Central Nervous System HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AN INTEGRATED APPROACH DEE UNGLAUB SILVERTHORN Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings FOURTH EDITION About this Chapter Emergent properties of neural networks Evolution of nervous system Anatomy of the central nervous system The spinal cord The brain Brain function Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Evolution of Nervous Systems Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9-1a Evolution of Nervous Systems Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9-1b Evolution of Nervous Systems Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9-1c Evolution of Nervous Systems Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9-1d Evolution of Nervous Systems Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9-1e Evolution of Nervous Systems Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9-1f The Embryonic Nervous System Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9-2a The Embryonic Nervous System Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9-2b The Embryonic Nervous System The neural tube specializes into the seven major regions of the nervous system Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9-3a The Embryonic Nervous System Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9-3b The Embryonic Nervous System Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9-3c Anatomy: Gray and White Matter Gray matter Unmyelinated nerve cell bodies Dendrites Axon terminals White matter Myelinated axons Contains very few cell bodies Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Anatomy: Bone and Connective Tissue Brain is encased in bony skull or cranium Spinal cord runs through vertebral column Meninges lies between bone and tissues Dura mater Arachnoid membrane Pia mater Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Anatomy: Meningeal Layers Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9-4b Anatomy Summary: Cerebrospinal Fluid Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9-5b Anatomy Summary: Cerebrospinal Fluid Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9-5c Anatomy: Blood-Brain Barrier Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9-6a Anatomy: Blood-Brain Barrier Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9-6b Neural Tissue: Metabolic Needs Oxygen Passes freely across blood-brain barrier Brain receives 15% of blood pumped by heart Glucose Brain responsible for about half of body’s glucose consumption Membrane transporters move glucose from plasma into the brain interstitial fluid Hypoglycemia leads to confusion, unconsciousness, and death Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Spinal Cord: Overview Central nervous system, posterior view Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9-4a Spinal Cord: Anatomy Specialization in the spinal cord Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9-7a Spinal Cord: Anatomy Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9-7b Spinal Cord: Anatomy Propriospinal tracts remain within the cord Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9-7c (1 of 2) Spinal Cord: Anatomy Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9-7c (2 of 2) Spinal Cord: Integrating Center Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9-8 Anatomy of the Brain Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9-9d The Brain: The Brain Stem 11 of 12 cranial nerves originate along brain stem Vagus nerve is a mixed nerve Many nuclei are associated with reticular formation Medulla Somatosensory and corticospinal tracts in white matter Pyramids Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Brain: Cerebellum Lateral view of brain The cerebellum coordinates movement Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9-9b The Brain: Diencephalon Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9-10 The Brain: Hypothalamus Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Mid-Sagittal View of Brain Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9-9c Gray Matter of the Cerebrum Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9-11 The Brain: The Limbic System Emotion, memory, and learning Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9-13