Transcript Document 7859111

NEW RESULTS FOR ISS RADIATION
ENVIRONMENT OBTAINED BY LIULIN
INSTRUMENT IN 2001
Tsvetan Dachev
Solar-Terrestrial Influences Laboratory
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 113 Sofia, Bulgaria
www.stilrad.stil.bas.bg
Outlook
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New results...
Why space environment monitoring is
important?
ISS instrumentation
International Space Station Radiation
Environment
Anisotropy in SAA region
Incident proton spectra inside of ISS
Comparison of ISS with aircraft data
Future space experiments
Conclusions
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Why space radiation monitoring on near Earth orbits and on aircraft
altitudes is important?
Single Event Upsets on the SEASTAR flight data recorder
at 705 km altitude clearly show the location of trapped
protons in the South Atlantic Anomaly, by Janet L. Barth
Latitude vs. Altitude Autopilot SEUs
Latitude (Degrees)
80
60
40
20
0
-20
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
-40
-60
Altitude (Feet)
DNA damages by different kind of
radiations
New results...
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Single Event Upsets Observed in Autopilot in
Boeing Commercial Aircraft
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ISS instrumentation
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Liulin-E094 instrument, flown successfully on American
Laboratory module May-August 2001 as a part of German lead
Dosimetric mapping experiment
Liulin
Mobile
Dosimetry
Unit
(MDU)
Dosimetric mapping instruments
Liulin
Control
And
Interface
Unit
(CIU)
New results...
DOSTEL
Pille
5
Liulin
-E094
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Liulin-Mobile Dosimetry Unit (MDU)
Internal view of MDU
External view of MDU
Electronics
Detector
+ preamp.
Battery
compartment
SPECIFICATIONS OF MDU
- Dose range: 0.093 nGy – 1.56 mGy;
- Flux range: - 0.01 - 1250 part/cm2s;
- Energy loss range: - 0.0407 – 20.83 MeV;
- Pulse height analysis range: - 19.5 mV – 5.0 V;
- LET range: 0.27- 69.4 keV/m;
- Temperature range: 0°C - +40°C;
- Power consumption: typically 72 mW;
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-Size (including 70x38x20
mm battery pack of SONY
NP-F550 type): 100x64x24
mm;
-Total mass (including 0.08
kg battery pack): 0.23 kg.
- Operation time 5 days
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International Space Station Radiation
Environment
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American astronaut James Voss working with Dosimetric
mapping experiment on 26.06.2001
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Usual location of one MDU in ISS
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Locations of MDUs in ISS
13 different locations were
chosen for MDUs inside US
Lab and NODE 1.
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Orientation of ISS
During the experiments
ISS was in one of two
attitudes:
+XVV - with the +x-axis
parallel to the velocity
vector
XPOP - x-axis
perpendicular to plane of
orbit; +z-axis constantly
pointing toward the Sun
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Overview of the MDUs doses during the whole experiment
ISS altitude
410
Average altitude in km
405
400
395
390
+XVV
+XVV
XPOP
XPOP
385
05/07/01
05/21/01
06/04/01
06/18/01
07/02/01
07/16/01
07/30/01
Date
Liulin-E094 average per day dose rate
Average per day dose rate(uGy/day)
240
MDU1
MDU2
MDU3
MDU4
220
200
180
160
140
120
Table1
Table2 Table3
Table4
Table5
Table6
Table7
100
05/07/01
05/21/01
06/04/01
06/18/01
07/02/01
07/16/01
07/30/01
Date
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Comparison of the Liulin-E094 mean daily data with
(Johnson et al, 1993)
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Anisotropy in SAA region
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Anisotropy as observed in the E-T grams from Liulin MDU#1 and MDU#2
19 May 2001
19 May 2001
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Spectra anisotropy during SAA crossing at ascending and
descending parts of the orbit
Ascending
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AE-8 MAX Flux> 5.00 MeV (cm^-2s^-1) at 400 km
AP-8 MAX Flux> 100.00 MeV (cm^-2s^-1) at 400 km
Descending
Analysis of the ascending and descending
spectra in the Region of SAA
300-400 MeV
60-200 MeV
2-50 MeV
Total Deposited energy in channel N (MeV)
Descending
L=1.24/1.22
L=1.32/1.32
L=1.37/1.36
L=1.38/1.134
L=1.37/1.38
L=1.57/1.54
100
10
1
100
10
Ascending
Descending
1
L=1.54/1.52
L=1.68/1.167
L=1.75/1.75
100
10
1
Ascending
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0.0
3.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Deposited energy in channel N (MeV)
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Dose rate distribution in SAA for 2 different
+XVV orientation time span
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Geometry of the MDUs exposition against the eastward
drifting protons in the region of SAA
MDU#1, MDU#3 and
MDU#4 detectors are
orientated toward the
predominating eastdown drifting protons at
descending parts of the
orbit
MDU#2 detector is
orientated toward the
predominating eastdown drifting protons at
ascending parts of the
orbit
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Incident proton spectra inside of ISS
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Total Deposited energy in channel N (MeV)
Shielding and proton anisotropic effects for various Lshells as a function of ascending and descending orbital
passes through the SAA.
L=1.24/1.22
L=1.32/1.32
L=1.37/1.36
L=1.38/1.134
L=1.37/1.38
L=1.57/1.54
100
10
1
100
10
Ascending
Descending
1
L=1.54/1.52
L=1.68/1.167
L=1.75/1.75
100
10
1
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0.0
3.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Deposited energy in channel N (MeV)
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Calibration curves of MDUs obtained during the calibrations
with protons at the Universite Catholique de Louvain, Belgium
120
6
5
Incident proton energy (MeV)
GEANT
Energy lost (MeV)
Tables
4
Liulin
3
2
110
Liulin data
100
Power law fit
90
Geant code
80
Y = (X^-1.39032) * 33.9761
70
60
50
40
30
20
1
10
0
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Incident energy (MeV)
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60
70
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Energy lost (MeV)
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MDU#2 incident proton spectra inside of US Lab module
recalculated from GEANT code fit of the Liulin calibration data
Liulin-E094 MDU#2
Open Rack, US Lab
11-19 May 2001
From GEANT code fit
10
L=1.32
8
Ascending
L=1.57
L=1.75
6
Integral Flux (cm^-2s-1)
4
2
0
10
L=1.32
8
L=1.54
6
L=1.75
Descending
4
2
0
10
100
1000
Energy (MeV)
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Comparison of AP-8 MAX averaged along the orbit proton
spectrum with the calculated inside ISS Liulin spectra for L=1.32
1E+4
Liulin asc. spectr. for L=1.32 in ISS
Liulin desc. spectr. for L=1.32 in ISS
Integral flux (cm^-2s^-1)
1E+3
AP8-MAX Aver. on orbit prot. spectr.
1E+2
1E+1
1E+0
1E-1
1E-2
0.1
1
1E+1
1E+2
1E+3
Energy (MeV)
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Comparison between Liulin MDUs and
NASA TEPC data
Specific Dose (nGy/part)
Dose Rate (uGy/min)
1E+1
1E+0
MDU#1
MDU#2
MDU#3
1E-1
MDU#4
TEPC
TEPC SD
MDU#4 SD
1E-2
19:37:30
19:42:30
19:47:30
19:52:30
19:57:30
20:02:30
UT (HH:MM:SS)
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Comparisons with aircraft results
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Liulin-Spectrometer for more than 100 days
monitoring of the space radiation at aircraft altitudes
External view of LS
Internal view of LS
Electronics
Detector +
preamp.
D-size Li-ion
Batteries
SPECIFICATIONS:
- Dose range: 0.093 nGy – 1.56 mGy;
- Flux range: - 0.01 - 1250 part/cm2s;
- Energy loss range: - 0.0407 – 20.83 MeV;
- Pulse height analysis range: 19.5 mV – 5.0 V;
- LET (Si) range: 0.27- 69.4 keV/m;
- Temperature range: 0oC - +40oC;
- Power consumption: typically 52 mW;
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-Size: 100x100x50 mm;
-Total mass: 0.33 kg. (including 2x
0.1 kg SAFT LSH20 3.6 V Li-ion
batteries);
- Operation time 110 days
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Configuration of ISS and CSA aircraft orbits
60
Latitude (deg)
50
40
30
20
ISS 28 May 2001
ISS 30 May 2001
10
0
ISS 2 June 2001
CSA 1 June 2001
-80 -70-60-50 -40-30-20 -10 0 10 20
Longitude (deg)
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Oulu Neutron Monitor Data
After
Before
Forbush
Forbush
Forbush
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Aircraft data
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Variations of the CSA aircraft dose and flux data for 30 May
and 2 June 2001 on the route Prague-New York and back
Prague-New Yourk and back
Flux (cm^-2 s^-1)
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Dose (uGy/hour)
2.5
31
Flux 30.05.02
Dose 02.06.01
Flux 02.06.02
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
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Dose 30.05.02
20
40
60
80
100 120
Number of measurements
140
160
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Simultaneously plotted Flux data from MDUs on CSA and on
ISS from 21 May to 10 June 2001
MDU#4 Flux (cm^-2s^-1)
MDU#5 Ave. Flux on CSA
MDU#4 Flux on ISS
2
6000
Aver. MDU#4 Flux on ISS
5800
1
Oulu NM corrected counts
6200
Oulu NM counts
5600
20.05
25.05
May 2001
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30.05
04.06
09.06
June 2001
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O
K
Normal to Forbush
Ratios
On CSA aircraft: N/F=1.29
6000
6
5000
5
4000
4
3000
3
Oulu
Kiel
2000
Thule
GCR Dose Rate (uGy/hour)
C
Cl
Comparison of ISS, aircraft
dose and NM data
Neutron monitor counts
T
2
MDU on Aircraft (aver.)
MDU-2 on ISS aver.
On ISS: N/F=1.21
1000
1
May 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 June
2001
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Future space experiments
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Liulin-ISS Instrument is a part of Russian segment service dosimetric system
and will work on ISS for 15 years after the end of 2004
Liulin-ISS, MDU DIMENSIONS:
Weight: 229 g incl. 80 g battery
Size: 110x80x25 mm
Consumption: 84 mW
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R3D-B instrument for ESA Biopan-4 facility outside of
Foton M1 satellite. On 15 October 2002 it was unsuccessfully launched. The
mission will be repeated in 2005 and 2006. The spectrometer is mutually
developed with the University in Erlangen, Germany.
256 Channels
LET spectrometer
Biopan-4 Facility
After the
crash
UV-C channel
UV-B channel
UV-A channel
PAR channel
R3D-B DIMENSIONS:
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Weight: 129 g
Size: 82x57x25 mm
Consumption: 84 mW
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The R3D spectrometer is mutually developed with the University in Erlangen,
Germany and is expected to be launched first to Russian segment of ISS in
2006 and next to ESA Columbus module in 2008
256 Channels
LET spectrometer
EXPOSE
PAR channel
UV-A channel
Columbus
UV-B channel
Flight unit mounted in the
EXPOSE facility (May 2003)
R3D DIMENSIONS:
Weight: 189 g
Size: 76x76x36 mm
Consumption: 120 mW
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UV-C channel
Quick look data
analysis panel
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Two more experiments are under development
SSD instrument for NASA DSTB
(Deep Space Test Bed) mission
2005/2006
RADOM instrument for Indian
Chandrayaan-1 satellite
2007/2008
Balloon over Antarctica up to 40 km
altitude for 2/4 weeks
Satellite at 100 km over the Moon
surface for 2 years
Weight: 120 g
Size: 76x76x25 mm
Consumption: 120 mW
Weight: 120 g
Size: 76x76x25 mm
Consumption: 120 mW
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Conclusions
•Liulin-E094 doses in ISS in May 2001 at altitude about 400 km close correspondent with the data
published in the NASA “Spaceflight radiation health program” (Johnson et al., 1993) and with
AP8MAX predictions
•Comparison of the Liulin-E094 and TEPC doses shows differences, which are in the range of
few to 50% in dependence of the differences of their shielding
•Liulin-E094 trapped proton anisotropy in SAA is shown by strong differences in the doses and
fluxes on ascending and descending parts of orbits for the location of MDU#2 in ISS. The
enhanced doses at ascending parts of the orbits are explained by different shielding generated
by the different geometry against the predominating eastward drifting protons in SAA region
•The analysis of the spectra in the SAA region shows existence of two types of predominating
incident radiation inside ISS. In the core of SAA protons are predominating, while at the southeast bound bremstralung, generated by the outside electrons;
•Using the Liulin MDUs calibration curves we were able to calculate the incident proton spectra
inside of US Lab. Calculated spectra maximum moves from about 100 MeV at low L values
toward 50-60 MeV at higher L values. This behavior was approved by simultaneous analysis of
the Liulin and TEPC specific doses distribution;
•Comparisons of ISS and aircraft data in May-June 2001 shows that the Forbush decreases are
observed in similar way at both altitudes. Observed large differences in the average specific
dose are associated with different type of particles building the doses at both altitudes.
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Thank you for your attention
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