Transcript CONFLICT IN FADAMA COMMUNITIES CASE STUDIES AJUWON S.S.

CONFLICT IN FADAMA
COMMUNITIES
CASE STUDIES
BY
AJUWON S.S.
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CONFLICT IN FADAMA
COMMUNITIES
INTRODUCTION
The types of conflicts faced in
Fadama communities vary from one
community to another depending on
the type of user groups found in such
community
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TYPES OF CONFLICTS
 Conflicts within community over access right.
– Farmer - Farmer
One farmer takes off water off stream for
irrigation thereby impeding the flow of water to
the other fadama farmer down stream.
- Fisher - Fisher
Using of illegal fishing techniques or stealing.
- Herder – Herder
Competition for grazing when dry season is
severe and pasture is insufficient.
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• Conflicts between communities over
access right
- Farmers – Pastoralists
Cattle entering farm land without
permission or farmers cultivating across stock
route.
- Fisher – Pastoralist
Fisher folk blocking livestock river
crossing
places and Pastoralist
destroy fishing geer in
the pond.
- Pastoralist – Migrant Gatherers
Pastoralists cut browse to the detriment of the
gatherers.
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* Citizen versus the Authorities
- Gatherers seek wild resources in
National Parks
- Farmers take water from the main
channels.
- Authorities take off water upstream and
cut off water from farmers.
- Hunters poach birds and animals in
National Park.
- Fishermen fish in National Parks
- Pastoralists go into the National Parks or
reserves to graze or browse.
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Case Study 1
Bauchi State (North East of Nigeria)
CONFLICT STATUS
Between 1996 & 2002, there were 28 incidence of
farmer-pastoralist conflicts and 4 cases of farmer –
fishermen conflicts.
 Conflict Incessant
 Committee constituted
Committee’s observations
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Conflicts occurred almost annually
Udawa and Bokoloji pastoralists are aggressive
Non-payment of traditional homage
No information on pastoralist arrival
God-father and bandit protected by the police
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Effect of the conflict in the State
 Between 1994 and 2002, 28 villages were
affected
 Lives, crops livestock and properties were
lost.
 In 8 villages, 31 farmers, 66 pastoralists and
4 policemen were killed.
 44 farmers and 2 pastoralists were injured.
 Settlements burnt, irrigation facilities
destroyed
 Fear of vengeance.
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Case Study 2
Imo State (South East of Nigeria)
CONFLICT STATUS
Between 1996 & 2002, Forty Seven (47)
farmer-pastoralist, 26 farmer – fishermen,
30 Farmer – Hunters and 29 Pastoralists –
Fishermen conflicts cases were reported
Causes of Conflicts
 Cultural differences between Igbo and Hausa
 Raid on pastoralista animals
 Blockage of Stock routes
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Effect of the conflict in the State
 Between 1996 and 2002, nineteen (19)
people were killed, 42 people injured, 199
animals valued at N233,000 and crops
worth over N334,000 were destroyed
 Pastoralists live in fear of attached on them
and also on their cattle.
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Case Study 3
Gombe State (North East of Nigeria)
CONFLICT STATUS
Between 1996 & 2002, there were 11
reported cases farmer-pastoralist
conflicts
Causes of Conflicts
 Majorly caused by Chad crisis
 None development of grazing reserves
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Effect of the conflict in the State
 Between 1997 and 2002, a woman was abducted
for some days another was amputated.
 366 people were seriously injured, two herdsmen
were apprehended by police and 20 people were
killed.
 A number of cattle were killed and houses burnt.
Also some valuables were lost, raining season
crops were prematurely harvested and there were
delays in starting dry season farming as a result of
the conflict.
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Complaints
 Farmers
 Protection of local god fathers and bandits by the
police
 Govt. is slow to respond to conflicts, lacks
preventive measures and provides no relief to
victims.
 Law enforcement agents favour pastoralists.
 Pastoralists
 Compensation for destructions,
 Non-protection of cattle routes and grazing
reserves
 Maltreatment and exploitation.
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