Transcript Respiration Let’s get energized!! Brain Pop Movie

Respiration
Let’s get energized!!
Brain Pop Movie
Cellular Respiration
The breaking down of food by
mitochondria to produce ATP
How is energy “packaged” for the cell?
ATP!
Definitions
What does aerobic mean?
So what does anaerobic mean?
Breaking it down
There are three main stages
of cellular respiration:
Glycolysis (anaerobic)
Citric Acid Cycle (aerobic)
Electron Transport Chain
(ETC - aerobic)
- Tidbits Carried out by both plant and
animal cells.
Does not occur at any set time
The ultimate goal
MAKE ENERGY!!!
Disassemble carbohydrates
into glucose molecules
Use this glucose to produce
energy-rich ATP molecules.
The Reaction
C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 ATP
Does this look familiar?
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + sunlight C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Where is energy in each reaction? Why?
Glycolysis
Glycolysis literally means "to break apart
glucose".
Breaks down a molecule of glucose into two
molecules of pyruvic acid
Occurs in the cytosol (cytoplasm) of a cell
Glycolysis
Can be broken down into two major stages:
– Glucose activation
– Energy harvest
2 ATP
2 ADP
4 ADP
C C C C C C
C C C C C C
glucose
fructose
bisphosphate
Glucose activation
4 ATP
2 C C C
2 C C C
G3P
pyruvate
+
2 NAD
2 NADH
Energy harvest
(cytoplasm)
complex
carbohydrates
fats
What is next?
glucose
glycerol
present?
amino
acids
Glycolysis
fatty acids
What happens
when no O2 is
proteins
pyruvate
acetyl
CoA
Krebs
cycle
electron
carriers
Why would this
happen?
Electron
transport chain
synthesis
(mitochondrion)
breakdown
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Pyruvic acid is converted to
lactic acid when no oxygen is
available.
Builds up in muscles during
strenuous exercise.
Why do we hurt after strenuous exercise?
Alcoholic Fermentation
2 step process to change
pyruvic acid to ethanol.
Wine, beer, and bread.
Another Example
This fermentation process, rather than
producing lactic acid, produces ethanol
commonly referred to as alcohol and CO2 from
pyruvic acid.
(cytoplasm)
complex
carbohydrates
fats
What is next?
glucose
glycerol
proteins
amino
acids
Glycolysis
fatty acids
pyruvate
When O2 present –
where does pyruvate go?
acetyl
CoA
Krebs
cycle
electron
carriers
Electron
transport chain
synthesis
(mitochondrion)
breakdown
Moving from Glycolysis to the Citric Acid
Cycle
Large pores in the outer membrane of the
mitochondria make it highly permeable to
pyruvic acid molecules
As pyruvate is moving from the cytosol to the
mitochondrion, a microenzyme removes one
carbon and two oxygen from each molecule,
producing Aceytl CoA (2C).
Krebs Cycle aka Citric Acid Cycle
Each cycle produces:
1 ATP
2 CO2
3 NADH & 3 H+ ions
1 FADH2 (energy molecule)
3 NADH + 3H+
Formation of
acetyl CoA
coenzyme A
3 NAD+
C CO2
acetyl CoA
pyruvate
NAD+
FADH2
coenzyme A
C C _ CoA
C C C
FAD
Krebs
cycle
2 C CO2
NADH
ADP
ATP
Biology
Homework for week of Feb 21 - 25
Mon
Muscle Fatigue Analysis
Tues
Photo/Resp. Review Wks
Weds
IRT Field Trip-Bring Lunch
Review
Th
Ch. 9 Test Today
Fri
Genetics 101
The Electron Transport Chain:
Most of the energy locked
in the original glucose
molecule will be released by
the ETC.
Electron Transport
Network of electron-carrying proteins located in the
inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
The proteins pass the electrons from one to the next.
Produces 32-34 ATP!
(cytoplasm)
complex
carbohydrates
fats
Another look:
 Glycolysis
– Breaks glucose (6 C) into
pyruvate (3 C)
– Anaerobic
– Makes 2 ATP
glucose
glycerol
proteins
amino
acids
Glycolysis
fatty acids
pyruvate
acetyl
CoA
 Citric Acid Cycle
–
–
–
–
Starts Acetyl CoA
Happens inside mitochondria
Aerobic
Makes 2 ATP, 2 CO2 & electron
carriers
 Electron Transport Chain
(ETC)
– Uses electron carries to make A
LOT of ATP (36 or 38)
– Happens in mitochondrial membranes
– Aerobic
Krebs
cycle
electron
carriers
Electron
transport chain
synthesis
(mitochondrion)
breakdown
Burning glucose
energy
released
6 O O
glucose
oxygen
6 O C O
carbon
dioxide
6 H OH
water
Photosynthesis
energy
6 O O
6 O C O
carbon
dioxide
6 H
glucose
O
H
water
oxygen
Why do we hurt after strenuous exercise?
Explain the Relationship between
Muscle Fatigue and Cellular Respiration
Pre-Lab Questions
Describe some situations when we are unable to maintain or
supply the demand for oxygen for certain muscles?
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Can muscles move (contract) without moving our joints? Explain.
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Write the chemical equation for aerobic respiration, and
anaerobic respiration lactic (acid fermentation). How much more
energy does the aerobic respiration produce? How are the
reactants delivered to the cell?
C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O +36 ATP
Sugar (glucose) → Lactic Acid + Carbon Dioxide + Energy (ATP)
Comparision