Transcript 會導電會發光的塑膠 王 文 竹 導 電 高 分 子 Conductive Polymers

會導電會發光的塑膠
導電高分子
Conductive Polymers
王文竹
Wen-Jwu Wang
Department of Chemistry, Tamkang Universuty
Nobel Laureates
從諾貝爾桂冠看高分子的研發
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The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953
for his discoveries in the field of
macromolecular chemistry
Hermann Staudinger
b. 1881 d. 1965
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University of Freiburg ,Breisgau, Freiburg;
Staatliches Institut für makromolekulare Chemie
State Research Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry,
Germany
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The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963
for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and
technology of high polymers
Karl Ziegler
b. 1898 d. 1973
Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung
(Max-Planck-Institue for Carbon Research)
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Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
Giulio Natta
b. 1903 d. 1979
Institute of Technology
Milan,
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Italy
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974
for his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and
" in the physical chemistry of the
experimental,
macromolecules"
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Paul J. Flory b. 1910 d. 1985
USA Stanford University , Stanford, CA,
USA
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The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000
"for the discovery and development of
conductive polymers"
白
川
英
樹
Alan J. Heeger
University of California
Santa Barbara, CA,
USA
b. 1936
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G. MacDiarmid
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA,
USA
b. 1927 d. 2007
Hideki Shirakawa
University of Tsukuba
Tokyo,
Japan
b. 1936
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The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020
"for the discovery and development of new polymers"
You
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塑膠的物理性質
機械性質
光學性質
電學性質
磁學性質
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乙烯
H
H
C C
H
H
合成
聚乙烯
H
C H
C
H
n
H
-(CH2-CH2)nR
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-(CH2-CHR)n9
乙烯合成聚乙烯
H
C H
C
H
n
H
H
H
C C
H
H
H
H
H
n
H
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聚乙烯 (PE)
Ziegler-Natta Catalyst
R
新觸媒
Ziconocene Catalyst
Cl
Cl
Ti
高密度聚乙烯
低密度聚乙烯
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Cl
Zr
Cl
Cl
同向聚乙烯
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常見乙烯基塑膠
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Cl
H
H3C
H
H
O
H
OH
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H
H
O
OCH3
H
H
H
H
HO
H
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聚丙烯 (PP)
H
H
C
H
C
R R = CH3
立體效應
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聚苯乙烯 (PS)
H
H
C
H
C
R R = C6H5
立體效應
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聚苯乙烯
H
H
H
H
H
H
n
n
H
H
-疊積作用
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凡得瓦力
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結晶性與非結晶性
H
H
H
n
H
• 透明
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聚氯乙烯 (PVC)
H
H
C
H
• 非常硬
C
R R = Cl
立體效應 極性作用力 凡得瓦力
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聚氯乙烯 – 軟或硬?
H
H
C
H
立體效應
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• 可塑劑
C
R R = Cl
極性作用力 凡得瓦力
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聚丙烯腈 (PAN)
H
H
C
H
C
R R = CN
立體效應 極性作用力 凡得瓦力
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聚乙烯酸甲酯 (PMA)
H
H
C
H
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C
R R = COOCH3
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聚丙烯酸甲酯 (PMMA)
H
CH3
C
H
C
R R = COOCH3
壓克力
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聚乙烯醇 (PVA)
H
H
C
H
立體效應
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C
R R = OH
氫鍵 水溶性
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聚乙烯酸 (PVA)
H
H
C
C
H
立體效應 吸水性
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R
R = COOH
R = COONa
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PET 保特瓶、聚酯
HO
O
OH
O
O
O
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HO
OH
O
O
n
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尼龍 Nylon
*
H
C
N
N
C
H
O
透明
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O
n
強韌
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Conductive Polymer
為何會導電?
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固體的導電原理
個別 – 原子 – 原子軌域 – 能階
個別 – 分子 – 分子軌域 – 能階
整體 – 固體 – 固體軌域 – 能帶
鈉金屬
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金剛石
石
墨
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用水來比喻
瓶子中裝了滿滿的冰
瓶子中裝了滿滿的水
瓶子中裝了半滿的水
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Conductive Polymer
如何設計導電塑膠?
共軛雙鍵
-C=C-C=C-C=C2016/6/13
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Discovery of
Conductive Polymers
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Synthesis
合成
Polyacetylene 聚乙炔
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Polymerization of Acetylene
乙炔
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A surprise with a silver lining...
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... and a Nobel Medal in Gold
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Synthesis 合成
乙炔
聚乙炔
觸媒
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Semiconductor 半導體
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Doping raises molecule performance
摻雜提升分子效能
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Doping to p- and n-form
摻雜得到正-及負型
Oxidation with halogen (p-doping):
[CH]n + 3x/2 I2 --> [CH]nx+ + x I3Reduction with alkali metal (n-doping):
[CH]n + x Na --> [CH]nx- + x Na+
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Soliton 孤立子and Polaron極化子
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Soliton 孤立子
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Charge Transport 電荷傳遞
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Conductivity 導電度
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How beautiful!
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Polythiophene 聚塞吩
Optical microscope image using crossed polarizers of an oriented polymer
semiconductor, regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene), film commonly used in organic
field-effect transistors. Two images with magnification 5x are combined.
Credit:
2016/6/13 Tomas G. Bäcklund, Department of Physics and Center for Functional Materials,
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Microstructure 微結構
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Microstructure 微結構
Random (left) and
Ordered (more conductive, right)
Morphology:
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Microstructure 微結構
Solid and Hollow Fibers of
Polyaniline
(Santa Fe Science and Technology, Inc.):
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Microstructure 微結構
Solid Polyaniline Fiber
(Santa Fe Science and Technology, Inc. ):
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Microstructure 微結構
Fractal Morphology of Conductive
Polymers//Artificial Lightning Dissipation over
the Surface of a Conductive Polymer (Lockheed):
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Solar Cells 太陽能電池
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Polythiophene 聚塞吩
Polypyrrole 聚呲咯
S
S
S
S
H
N
H
N
N
H
N
H
be useed in antistatic treatment of photographic film
be
used
in
electronic
devices
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Polyaniline 聚苯胺
H
N
H
N
H
N
H
N
N
N
Doped polyaniline in antistatic material to avoid static
electricity. It is also used on computer screens,
protecting the user from electromagnetic radiation, and
as a corrosion inhibitor.
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Polyphenylenevinylen 聚苯烯乙烯
Materials such as polyphenylenevinylene may soon
be used in mobile phone displays.
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Polydialkylfluorenes 聚二烷基茀烯
Polydialkylfluorenes are used in the development of
new colour screens for video and TV.
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Polymer Transister 高分子電晶體
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Regioregular Polythiophene
Variations in the chemical “cap” also allow regioregular polythiophene
strands to adhere directly to metal, silicon or other industrially important
templates
used in devices like transistors
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Device
Microelectrode Chip (Abtech Scientific Inc.):
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Brilliant Applications
Light-emitting diodes (LED)
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PLED 高分子發光二極體
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導電高分子電容器之固態電解質PEDOT
導電度 電容器電解質
S/cm
10 Baytorn, Polypyrrole
1
高導電度 300S/cm
高頻有良好的性能
高溫穩定
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0.1
二氧化錳
0.01 液態電解質
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謝謝
謝
謝
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