Transcript Multiple Views and Multiple Formats in Knowledge Management Bidjan Tschaitschian

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Multiple Views and Multiple Formats
in Knowledge Management
Bidjan Tschaitschian
German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence
Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Organizations have serious problems in
managing their corporate knowledge.
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COMMON PROBLEMS WITH ORGANIZATIONAL KNOWLEDGE
Distribution
Accessibility
Resources
Documentation
Multiple Views
Knowledge
Problems
Multiple Formats
Awareness
Availability
Knowledge has been recognized as the key to
competitive advantage!
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Corporate memories are needed to support
the complex knowledge management task.
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KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT (KM) AND CORPORATE MEMORIES (CM)
KM:
• Promote growth, communication, and preservation of knowledge in the
organization (Steels, 1993)
• Deliver the right knowledge at the right time in the right way (Fischer et
al., 1997)
• Multiple viewpoints: socio-organizational, financial and economical,
technical, human, legal (Barthès, 1996)
CM:
• Tool to support KM
The approach focuses on the multiple views and the
multiple formats problems.
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A uniform knowledge representation is
employed for all knowledge.
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UNIFORM KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION
• Format independent
• Standard attributes:
– author
– date of creation and modification
– description
– explanation
– comment
– ...
In this way a common description level is achieved for
all kinds of texts, graphics, sounds, movies, ...
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Example: CeBIT’98 “CINEMA” demo
application.
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Several categorization schemes are required
to deal with multiple views.
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CATEGORIZATION SCHEMES
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Provide a separate categorization scheme for each (abstract) criterion
Arbitrary types of schemes
Graphical representation serves as GUI
Rules of thumb
– 3-7 schemes with
– 5-10 nodes
– Meta-scheme if necessary
Such categorization schemes are the basis for
knowledge collection and retrieval .
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Multiple Views
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How to employ uniform knowledge
representation and categorization schemes?
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STATE OF THE TALK
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Serious organizational problems
Knowledge is key
Knowledge management is complex
Corporate memory is IT-support for knowledge management
Uniform knowledge representation for multiple formats problem
Several categorization schemes for multiple views problem
How to put knowledge into and retrieve knowledge from
a corporate memory?
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New knowledge items can be easily stored
into the corporate memory.
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KNOWLEDGE COLLECTION
Basic Steps:
• Provide the standard attributes
• Provide classifications to the various categorization schemes
• Connect closely related information items (part-of, follow-up, related)
IT-support:
• Hypermedia: intuitive and ergonomic GUI
• Text-analysis: Automatic (text-) classification of knowledge items
• Drag & drop your document onto a program icon
Knowledge items are stored into the corporate memory
independent of their formats.
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Knowledge can be easily retrieved from the
corporate memory.
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KNOWLEDGE RETRIEVAL
Basic steps:
• Provide the standard attributes
• Provide categories of interest within the categorization schemes
• Examine retrieved knowledge items
IT-support:
• Hypermedia: intuitive and ergonomic GUI (user adequate)
• Display search results with hyperlinks (direct access)
• Refine query iteratively to obtain a manageable set of knowledge items
Provide your current context of interest to find the
relevant knowledge.
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The approach is an integration of methods,
techniques and tools.
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TECHNICAL DETAILS
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Object-oriented design
Uniform knowledge representation
Rule-based text analysis
Hypermedia
Groupware
First results have been obtained from several case
studies.
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The tool is applied at Deutsche Telekom AG
and DFKI GmbH for evaluation purposes.
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APPLICATIONS
• Requirements engineering at Deutsche Telekom AG (small to mid-sized
projects)
• Knowledge on software ergonomics
• Technical specifications
• Prototype wish and error list
• PhD project
• CINEMA demo
• REUSE in Software Engineering
• META KM project
• Documentation of DFKI studies (e.g. SYS-2000)
It seems to work - how do I write this in my PhD?
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The integration of the presented
technologies into a CM is new.
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CONTRIBUTION
Integration of suitable OO-, text analysis-, and hypermedia technologies:
• Dealing with multiple formats and multiple views at the same time
– Storage of knowledge items that may stem from documents of
arbitrary formats
– Retrieval of knowledge items utilizing the same set of (rather simple)
techniques
• Interactive approach: technology in close cooperation with the human
user
There are a lot of opportunities for future work (besides
the PhD).
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There are a lot of opportunities not to do
PhD-specific work.
FUTURE WORK
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Applications
Generating a WWW-query from a local CM search result
Elaboration of Groupware functionality
Web-based client-server version
Configuration of standard attributes
Creative inferences in knowledge hypernets
Product development
HELP!!!
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Organizations have serious problems in
managing their corporate knowledge
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COMMON PROBLEMS WITH ORGANIZATIONAL KNOWLEDGE
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Knowledge distributed - people, documents, paper archive
Knowledge not available/accessible
Knowledge not known
Missing resources
Missing documentation
Multiple formats
Multiple views (persons, processes, tasks, etc.)
organizational
department
personal
process
product
graphics
texts
Knowledge has been recognized as the key to
competitive advantage!
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photos
audios
videos
Building CMs is a complex problem
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BASIC CORPORATE MEMORY FUNCTIONALITIES
• Store and retrieve information and knowledge of heterogeneous, multimedia formats, in a way that a variety of different users with different
background and tasks can easily contribute and search for the relevant
information in their actual working context
• Focus on
– structuring documents and data of multiple formats
– querying knowledge and information from multiple views
Überleitung zu Approach
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Several structuring models are required to
deal with multiple views
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CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES
• arbitrary types of models
• graphical representation serves as graphical user interface
• rules of thumb
– 3-7 models with
– 5-10 nodes
– meta model if necessary
Such models are the basis for knowledge collection and
retrieval
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How to put knowledge into the corporate
memory
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MEIN ANSATZ WIE BEKOMME ICH WISSEN REIN
• intuitive and ergonomic graphical user interface
• automatic classification of information and knowledge with respect to
multiple views
• drag & drop your document onto a program icon
• provide basic information
• connect information items (part-of, follow-up, related)
Knowledge retrieval is done very similar
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How to share information of multiple formats
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MEIN ANSATZ: WIE GEHE ICH MIT BELIEBIGEN FORMATEN UM
• uniform knowledge representation for each document
• simply do not deal with the formats themselves
Untertitel, Übeleitung
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What are the undelying technologies
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INHALT
• Object-oriented approach
• uniform knowledge representation => same techniques for storing and
retrieving knowledge items in the CM
• rule-based text analysis techniques to automatically classify knowlege
items
• hypermedia techniques
Untertitel, Übeleitung
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