Transcript – Using early memories for inclusive design Image Schemas and their Metaphorical Extensions

Using early memories for inclusive design –
Image Schemas and their Metaphorical
Extensions
Jörn Hurtienne
04.09.2007
„Intuitive
interface
designed to
make
searching
fast and
easy“
http://www.hurricanesoft.com/hsearch.jsp
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Intuitive use
• Intuitive use is unconscious application of preexisting knowledge
IUUI
• Sounds like expert knowledge…
• For larger user groups it must be different knowledge
– early learning, frequent encoding and retrieval, shared
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Image Schemas in User Interfaces
• Physical Mapping
• Metaphorical Mapping
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Image Schemas: metaphorical extensions
• Quantity: MORE IS UP
– Speak up please. Keep your voice down please.
• Quality: GOOD IS UP
– We hit a peak last year, but it’s been downhill ever since
• Quality: VIRTUE IS UP
– She is an upstanding citizen. That was a low-down thing to
do.
• Power and Control: HIGH STATUS IS UP
– He’s climbing the career ladder. He’s at the bottom of the
social hierarchy.
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Image Schemas
• FORCE
– attraction, balance, blockage, compulsion, counterforce, diversion,
enablement,momentum, restraint removal, resistance
• SPACE
– center-periphery, contact, front-back, left-right, near-far, path,
rotation, scale, up-down
• CONTAINMENT
– container, in-out, content, full-empty, surface
• PROCESS
– iteration, cycle
• MULTIPLICITY
– merging, collection, splitting, part-whole, count-mass, linkage,
matching
• ATTRIBUTE
– straight, warm-cold, big-small, bright-dark, fast-slow, hard-soft,
heavy-light, strong-weak, rough-smooth
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Metaphorical Extensions
• FORCE
SIMILAR IS NEAR
GOOD
IS STRAIGHT
– attraction, balance, blockage, compulsion,
counterforce,
diversion,
GOOD
IS BRIGHT
enablement,momentum,
restraint removal, resistance
• SPACE
AFFECTION IS WARMTH
– center-periphery, contact, front-back, left-right, near-far, path,
rotation, scale, up-down
IMPORTANT IS CENTRAL
• CONTAINMENT
CONSIDERED
IS NEAR
– container, in-out,
content, full-empty, surface
• PROCESS
COMPARISON
IS BALANCE
– iteration, cycle
• MULTIPLICITY
GENERAL IS UP
TIME IS A CONTAINER
– merging, collection, splitting, part-whole, count-mass, linkage,
DIFFICULTIES
ARE HEAVY
matching
• ATTRIBUTE
EVENTS ARE PATHS
– straight, warm-cold, big-small, bright-dark, fast-slow, hard-soft,
heavy-light,
strong-weak,
rough-smooth
PROBLEMS
ARE BLOCKAGES
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Testing Image Schema Theory
1. Does it make valid claims for the design of user
interfaces?
2. Does it support the UI design process?
3. Does it lead to new insights about designing user
interfaces? Does it contributes to the understanding
in the field of designing user interfaces?
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Experiments, e.g. UP-DOWN, LEFT-RIGHT
Staff
Staff
friendly
unfriendly
unfriendly
friendly
300
0
0
300
• Violation and
Respectation of
metaphors
• Buttons and
Sliders
• Quality and
Quantity
Metaphors
• Measuring
response time
and subjective
judgment
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Performance in the slider experiment
• Reaction Time (ms, N=40, vertical)
1200
1150
1100
1050
1000
950
900
850
800
750
700
650
600
-6%
-11%
comp
incomp
-6%
QUAL*
QUAN*
UP*
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Preference in the slider experiment
• How well suited is this design for entering this specific
information? (N=40, vertical)
++2
+
comp
+/0
+/-
incomp
-
--2
QUAL*
QUAN*
UP*
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ISO 13407: Human-centred design process
Plan for HCD
Specify context of use
Evaluate designs
Product meets
usability and
business goals
Specify requirements
Produce design solutions
Success!
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Redesign for Intuitive Use
+
=
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Image Schema Database
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Testing Image Schema Theory
1. Does it make valid claims for the design of user
interfaces?
2. Does it support the UI design process?
3. Does it lead to new insights about designing user
interfaces? Does it contributes to the understanding
in the field of designing user interfaces?
•
We have some support for each of these
requirements, but this is just the beginning…
– More research must follow
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