Overview of HCI What is Human-Computer Interaction? Why should an Information Scientist be concerned with Human-Computer Interaction? Importance of Good User Interface Design Why user interfaces.
Download ReportTranscript Overview of HCI What is Human-Computer Interaction? Why should an Information Scientist be concerned with Human-Computer Interaction? Importance of Good User Interface Design Why user interfaces.
Slide 1
Overview of HCI
What is Human-Computer Interaction?
Why should an Information Scientist be
concerned with Human-Computer
Interaction?
Importance of Good User Interface Design
Why user interfaces are so poor
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 2
What is Human-Computer
Interaction?
HCI - short for human-computer interaction
Study and development of computer-based
interfaces with the express purpose of making
them easier for humans to use
HCI involves
– study of humans using interfaces
– development of new applications for users
– development of new devices and tools for users
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 3
Why should Information Systems
be concerned with HCI?
IS personnel
– oversee the development of new applications
• they need to know how to make these systems usable
– oversee the introduction of new systems into their
organization
• they need to be able to evaluate the usability of off the
shelf systems
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 4
Importance of Good User
Interface Design
Reduction in coding costs
High costs of interface problems
Serious life-threatening errors
Good interfaces sell products
Increased use of computers in the
environment
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 5
User Interface Code
In a modern graphics user interface program
– Estimated 40 to 90 percent of code concerned with
user interface
– Most estimates around 70 percent !!!!!
– If done wrong, has to be redone
– If not fixed, cost passed on to users
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 6
User Interface
Economics
Good user interface may result in:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Increased productivity
Reduced training costs
Preventable user errors
Reduced employee turnover
User satisfaction
Higher quality products produced
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 7
Increased Productivity
X
X
X
=
20 users
230 days
100 screens per day
10 sec per screen (savings)
1278 hours
or 32 weeks
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 8
Reduced Training Costs
20 employees
X 2 systems/applications per year
X 2 1/2 days per application
= 100 days
or 20 weeks
Training and support often more costly than
hardware and software
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 9
Preventable User Errors
500 users
X 20 errors per year
X 15 minutes per error
= 2500 hours lost
or 63 weeks
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 10
Increased Productivity
X
X
X
=
500 menu selections per day
3 sec per selection
230 days per year
480 hours
or 12 weeks
Reduce the menu selection time to 1 sec
8 extra weeks out of your best people
At $50K salary, that lost time will cost $9000
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 11
Higher Quality Products
User spends less time on interface and more
on solving problem, e.g., one command
compiles and executes program
Interface matches the way user thinks about
problem, e.g., spreadsheet looks like
accounting sheets
Interface adds value to problem solution, e.g.,
multiple ways to view data
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 12
Serious Life-Threatening Errors
Analysis of transcript of 911 call announcing
bomb in Centennial Park at Atlanta Olympics
indicated that 20 minutes were needed to call
dispatchers
– Dispatch system required an address for
Centennial Park
– Dispatch operators could not find anyone who
knew address
– Bomb was set to go off 30 minutes after call
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 13
Serious Life Threatening Errors
Airline crashed in 1996 into a mountainside in
Colombia killing all aboard
– Pilot typed in “R” rather than full name of airport
– Guidance system took first airport in the list
beginning with “R” which was the wrong airport
– Plane ran into mountain
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 14
User Interface Economics
Good user interfaces sell systems!
– Windows is a copy of the Mac interface
– The Mac interface is a copy of Bravo developed at Xerox PARC
User interface capabilities and awareness
help get contracts
Poor user interfaces can cripple a system
that is outstanding in all other respects
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 15
Ubiquity of Computers
Computer driven interfaces placed in most
mechanical products we know
– Classic problem of users not being able to set the
clock on their VCR / microwave / car
– Users can often not use a duplicating machine, a
fax machine, a cash register, a candy machine, a
bank machine or even a telephone
– Cars will eventually be computer driven
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 16
Motivation
Why Are User Interfaces so Poor?
Problem lies in Software Engineering
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 17
Why Are User Interfaces Poor?
Inadequate training of people developing
interfaces
Diversity of knowledge required to design
good interfaces
– hard to find good people
– huge market for people with user interface design
skills
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 18
Why are User Interfaces so Poor?
Rapid technological advances
Reluctance of companies to commit resources
– not that true anymore
Poor management - programmers do not talk
to user design team and vice versa
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 19
Lack of Real Engineering
of The User Interface
User Interface specialists rarely involved
The "bricklayers" (programmers) are left to do
the user interface architecture by default
“Ignorance by software engineers of usability
and how to measure it is roughly equivalent
to an electronics engineer not knowing what
volts and watts are and how to measure
them."
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 20
Introduction & Historical
Perspective on Computing and
Decision Support Systems
A Brief History of Computing
A Brief History of Personal Computing
Human-Computer Interaction
Paradigms Shift
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 21
A Brief History of Computing
From
Beginnings to
the Present
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 22
A Brief History of Personal
Computing
Beginnings to
Present
Apple OS
DOS
Mac OS
Windows 95
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 23
Human-Computer Interaction
Paradigms Change
Switches
Paper Tape & Punched Cards
Dumb Terminals
Intelligent Terminals
“Point-and-Click”
Direct Manipulation
WIMPs (Windows/Icons/
Mouse/Pointer)
Ubiquitous Computers
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Overview of HCI
What is Human-Computer Interaction?
Why should an Information Scientist be
concerned with Human-Computer
Interaction?
Importance of Good User Interface Design
Why user interfaces are so poor
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 2
What is Human-Computer
Interaction?
HCI - short for human-computer interaction
Study and development of computer-based
interfaces with the express purpose of making
them easier for humans to use
HCI involves
– study of humans using interfaces
– development of new applications for users
– development of new devices and tools for users
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 3
Why should Information Systems
be concerned with HCI?
IS personnel
– oversee the development of new applications
• they need to know how to make these systems usable
– oversee the introduction of new systems into their
organization
• they need to be able to evaluate the usability of off the
shelf systems
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 4
Importance of Good User
Interface Design
Reduction in coding costs
High costs of interface problems
Serious life-threatening errors
Good interfaces sell products
Increased use of computers in the
environment
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 5
User Interface Code
In a modern graphics user interface program
– Estimated 40 to 90 percent of code concerned with
user interface
– Most estimates around 70 percent !!!!!
– If done wrong, has to be redone
– If not fixed, cost passed on to users
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 6
User Interface
Economics
Good user interface may result in:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Increased productivity
Reduced training costs
Preventable user errors
Reduced employee turnover
User satisfaction
Higher quality products produced
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 7
Increased Productivity
X
X
X
=
20 users
230 days
100 screens per day
10 sec per screen (savings)
1278 hours
or 32 weeks
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 8
Reduced Training Costs
20 employees
X 2 systems/applications per year
X 2 1/2 days per application
= 100 days
or 20 weeks
Training and support often more costly than
hardware and software
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 9
Preventable User Errors
500 users
X 20 errors per year
X 15 minutes per error
= 2500 hours lost
or 63 weeks
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 10
Increased Productivity
X
X
X
=
500 menu selections per day
3 sec per selection
230 days per year
480 hours
or 12 weeks
Reduce the menu selection time to 1 sec
8 extra weeks out of your best people
At $50K salary, that lost time will cost $9000
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 11
Higher Quality Products
User spends less time on interface and more
on solving problem, e.g., one command
compiles and executes program
Interface matches the way user thinks about
problem, e.g., spreadsheet looks like
accounting sheets
Interface adds value to problem solution, e.g.,
multiple ways to view data
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 12
Serious Life-Threatening Errors
Analysis of transcript of 911 call announcing
bomb in Centennial Park at Atlanta Olympics
indicated that 20 minutes were needed to call
dispatchers
– Dispatch system required an address for
Centennial Park
– Dispatch operators could not find anyone who
knew address
– Bomb was set to go off 30 minutes after call
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 13
Serious Life Threatening Errors
Airline crashed in 1996 into a mountainside in
Colombia killing all aboard
– Pilot typed in “R” rather than full name of airport
– Guidance system took first airport in the list
beginning with “R” which was the wrong airport
– Plane ran into mountain
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 14
User Interface Economics
Good user interfaces sell systems!
– Windows is a copy of the Mac interface
– The Mac interface is a copy of Bravo developed at Xerox PARC
User interface capabilities and awareness
help get contracts
Poor user interfaces can cripple a system
that is outstanding in all other respects
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 15
Ubiquity of Computers
Computer driven interfaces placed in most
mechanical products we know
– Classic problem of users not being able to set the
clock on their VCR / microwave / car
– Users can often not use a duplicating machine, a
fax machine, a cash register, a candy machine, a
bank machine or even a telephone
– Cars will eventually be computer driven
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 16
Motivation
Why Are User Interfaces so Poor?
Problem lies in Software Engineering
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 17
Why Are User Interfaces Poor?
Inadequate training of people developing
interfaces
Diversity of knowledge required to design
good interfaces
– hard to find good people
– huge market for people with user interface design
skills
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 18
Why are User Interfaces so Poor?
Rapid technological advances
Reluctance of companies to commit resources
– not that true anymore
Poor management - programmers do not talk
to user design team and vice versa
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 19
Lack of Real Engineering
of The User Interface
User Interface specialists rarely involved
The "bricklayers" (programmers) are left to do
the user interface architecture by default
“Ignorance by software engineers of usability
and how to measure it is roughly equivalent
to an electronics engineer not knowing what
volts and watts are and how to measure
them."
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 20
Introduction & Historical
Perspective on Computing and
Decision Support Systems
A Brief History of Computing
A Brief History of Personal Computing
Human-Computer Interaction
Paradigms Shift
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 21
A Brief History of Computing
From
Beginnings to
the Present
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 22
A Brief History of Personal
Computing
Beginnings to
Present
Apple OS
DOS
Mac OS
Windows 95
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved
Slide 23
Human-Computer Interaction
Paradigms Change
Switches
Paper Tape & Punched Cards
Dumb Terminals
Intelligent Terminals
“Point-and-Click”
Direct Manipulation
WIMPs (Windows/Icons/
Mouse/Pointer)
Ubiquitous Computers
Copyright 1999 all rights reserved