Transcript Application of Crop Protection Materials Robert E. Wolf Extension Specialist Application Technology

Application of Crop Protection
Materials
Robert E. Wolf
Extension Specialist Application Technology
Biological and Agricultural Engineering
Productivity
The application
triangle
Off-site protection
Efficacy
Spray Droplet Management!
• Need knowledge of the product
being used.
• Herbicide, Fungicide, Insecticide
– Systemic
– Contact
• What is the target?
–
–
–
–
–
Soil
Grass
Broadleaf (smooth, hairy, waxy)
Leaf orientation – time of day
Penetration into canopy
Canopy DensityTiming a factor!
Light – more visible soil
surface than vegetative
plant surface. Plant
height from 12 – 14
inches (VE to V6).
Light Canopy
Medium – some soil surface
still visible. Plant height
from 15 – 22 inches (R1
to R2).
Heavy – no soil surface
visible. Plant height at
least 23 inches (R3-R8).
Light to
Medium Canopy
Heavy Canopy
Aerial and ground canopy
penetration
2005 Trials
• Nozzles in lab
–
–
–
–
20 GPA @ 10 MPH
20 GPA @ 15 MPH
15 GPA @ 10 MPH
15 GPA @ 15 MPH
• Rosen’s and others
• Helena
*All trials with NIS
• Nozzles in field
– 20 GPA @ 10 MPH
• Rosen’s repeated
• Helena
• Agriliance
*All trials with NIS and
Headline
Canopy Penetration Studies
TT
11
00
6(
50
11
)
00
6
TT
(5
0)
11
00
5
TT
(7
5)
11
0
TD 04
XR (9 5)
TD 04 (1
15
TT
)
04
TD
(1
XL 15 )
04
SR
(1
15
11
)
005
SR
(7
11
5)
006
ER
(5
0)
80
-0
Tw
inC 6 (5
0)
a
Tw p 03
inC
(5
Te
0)
a
p
eJ
Tw
04
et
Du
Te
(2
inJ
eJ
o
e
t 0 7)
et
TT
Du
6(
03
50
oT
(W
)
T0
id
e
3
-5
Te
(N
0)
eJ
a
r
et
ro
w
Du
o X -5 0)
Ai
R0
rM
3(
ix
50
TF
)
05
TD
TF (7 5)
04
SR
(1
15
11
)
0M
03
R
(5
11
0)
002
5(
75
)
XR
% Area Coverage
Canopy Penetration Study at 20 GPA and 10 MPH
Percent Area Coverage for Bottom Collectors
6
2
5.1
3
1.9
5.1
5
4.2
4
2.6
3.9
4.3
4.2
3.5 3.4 3.5
3.5
2.7
2.9
3.4
Nozzle Type (PSI) Left half are singles - Right half are doubles
3.7
3.1
2.4
1.6
1
0
3.6
R
11
0
TT 06
1 1 (50
)
0
TT 06 (
1 1 5 0)
0
TT 05
1 1 (7 5)
TD 0 04
(9
X
5)
R
TD 0 4
TT (11
5)
TD 04 (
11
X
5)
L
04
SR
(1
15
11
)
0SR 0 5
1 1 (75
)
00
ER 6 (
50
8
Tw 0 - 0 )
6
in
(5
C
0
a
Tw p - 0 )
3
in
(5
C
0)
ap
Te
eJ
Tw -04
(2
T e et D
in
7)
Je
eJ
uo
t-0
et
T
6
D
(5
u o T03
0)
(w
TT
i
de
Te 03 (n
-5
0)
eJ
ar
et
ro
D
u o w-5
0)
X
A
R
irm
03
ix
(
TF 50 )
TD
04
(7
SR TF
5
04 )
D
uo
(1
M
15
11
R
)
D
0
-0
uo
11 3 (5
0)
002
5
(7
5)
X
Droplets per Sq.cm
Canopy Penetration Study at 20 GPA and 10 MPH
Droplets per Square Centimeter for Bottom Collectors
160
100
80
146
140
127
120
101
83
106
84
81 81
137
126
116
100
97 96
99
79
87
Nozzle Type (PSI) Left half are singles - Right half are doubles
105
85
76
60
40
20
0
TT
11
00
6
1 1 (50
0
TT 06 )
1 1 (5 0
)
0
TT 05
1 1 (7 5
TD 0 04 )
XR (9
TD 0 4 5)
TT (11
TD 04 5)
XL (1 15
)
SR 04 (
1 1 1 15
0
SR -0 5 )
(7
11
0- 5)
ER 0 6
(5
Tw 80 -0 0 )
inC 6 (
5
Tw ap - 0 )
inC 03 (
Te
ap 5 0)
eJ
T
T e et
wi -04
D
eJ
u o nJ e (2 7
et
)
Du TT t-0
o T 03 6 (5
(w
0
T
id )
Te 03
e
(n
eJ
arr -5 0)
et
Du o w
o X -5 0
Ai
rm R0 )
3
ix
TF (50 )
TD
04
(7
SR TF
5)
0
M Du o 4 (
1
R
Du 11 0 1 5)
o
11 0 3 (
5
002 0 )
5(
75
)
XR
Micron Size
Canopy Penetration Study at 20 GPA and 10 MPH
VMD for Bottom Collectors
450
400
350
300
250
200
Nozzle Type (PSI)
Materials and Methods:
•
4 deposition aids:
–
–
–
–
•
•
Preference
Preference + Placement
Interlock + Preference
Interlock + Rivet
Water used as a check
Spray mixes containing 50 gal
– NIS (Crop Oil Concentrate) @ 3
ounces/acre
– Tap water
– Required amount of product or
combination of products per label
•
Application volumes
– 3 GPA
– 1 GPA
Aerial Canopy Results:
% Area Coverage
Coverage by Product and GPA
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
1
3
1
3
1
GPA GPA GPA GPA GPA
water
3
1
3
1
3
GPA GPA GPA GPA GPA
Preference Placement + Interlock +
Preference Preference
top
middle
bottom
Interlock +
Rivet
Aerial Canopy Results:
% Area Coverage
Coverage Averaged All Collectors
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
Water
Preference Placement + Inerlock +
Preference Preference
1 GPA
3 GPA
Inerlock +
Rivet
Percent Area Coverage
Average Coverage Across Canopy
Position at 3 GPA*
1.2
0.97
1.0
0.83
0.8
0.6
0.5
0.57
0.41
0.4
0.2
0.0
Water
Preference
(COC)
Placement +
Preference
Inerlock +
Preference
Inerlock +
Rivet
Treatments
*sum of top, middle, and bottom averaged
Aerial Canopy Results:
Coverage Averaged Across All Treatments
Percent Area Coverage
3.50
3.00
2.95
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.14
1.00
0.50
0.36
0.21
middle
bottom
0.00
no canopy
top
Canopy Positions
Drop Size:
One micron (m) =1/25,000 inch
EPA Requested Changes Coming!?!?
• Buffer Zones or No
Spray Zones
• Maximize Efficacy
• Minimize Drift
8
0
0
800
7
0
0
700
v
e
r
y
f
i
n
e
/
f
i
n
e
f
i
n
e
/
m
e
d
i
u
m
very fine/ fine
m
e
d
i
u
m
/
c
o
a
r
s
e
fine/medium
c
o
a
r
s
e
/
v
e
r
y
c
o
a
r
s
e
medium/
coarse
v
e
r
y
c
o
a
r
s
e
/
e
x
t
r
e
m
e
l
y
c
o
a
r
s
e
coarse/
very
coarse
very coarse/ extremely coarse
6
0
0
600
5
0
0
500
4
0
0
400
Drop Size (microns)
– ASAE S-572
9
0
0
900
E
x
a
m
p
l
e
R
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
G
r
a
p
h
Example Reference Graph
X
C
XC
M
3
0
0
300
M
2
0
0
200
F
1
0
0
100
C
V
CC
VC
DropSize(microns)
• Guidance to Chemical
Manufacturers
• Match the crop
protection product to
the target
• Adhere to label
guidelines based on
an industry standard
F
V
F
VF
0
0
0
.
1
0.1
0
.
5
0
.
9
0.5
0.9
C
u
m
u
l
a
t
i
v
e
V
o
l
u
m
e
F
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
Cumulative Volume Fraction
ASAE S-572 Droplet
Size Standard
>150
151250
251350
351450
451550
>551
Source: Crop Life – July 2002
200-300 microns
Droplet Spectra Classification*
*Based on ASAE Standard and Spraying Systems Charts.
Droplet Spectra Classification*
*Based on ASAE Standard and Spraying Systems Charts.
Greenleaf Droplet chart:
What is the ‘Real’ difference ?
……Medium droplet at 225 microns
……Coarse droplet at 300 microns
How much heavier? Or is it???
300 = 1.33
225
1.33 bigger
1.333 = 1.33 * 1.33 * 1.33 = 2.35
2.35 * 100 = 235% heavier
Nozzle Technology……
• Nozzles designed to reduce drift
• Improved drop size control
• Emphasis on ‘Spray Quality’
Nozzles Types?
Chamber - Pre-orifice Nozzles:
• Advancements in
plastic molding
allowed for new nonconventional
geometry and molded
in pre-orifices.
Pre-orifice
Exit orifice
Air-Induction/Venturi Nozzles
Where air is drawn into the nozzle
cavity and exits with the fluid.
Pre-orifice Air Induction Nozzles:
• Spraying Systems AI TeeJet
• Air intake venturi section
• Mixing Chamber - air and spray
solution blended
• Exit orifice - Pattern tip - forms large
air-bubble drops
•
•
•
•
•
Better Penetration?
Reduced run-off?
Improved coverage?
Adequate efficacy?
Reduced drift? YES!!!
Pre-orifice
Air induction
Mixing Chamber
Exit orifice
Precautions with Venturi Nozzles
• Need higher pressure to atomize and form
adequate pattern.
• Even more critical if deposition aid included in
the tank mix.
• Equipment concerns at higher pressures.
• At higher pressures may improve droplet
trajectory speed and improve canopy
penetration.
Double Cap & Twin Nozzles:
CP Swivel:
• Quick change angle device
• 10 degree increments
• Flexibility to increase the
angle of attack
• Influence the droplet
spectrum
USDA Aerial Nozzle Atomization Models
The models are implemented in Microsoft® Excel® computer
spreadsheets and are available for download at:
http://apmru.usda.gov/downloads/downloads.htm
USDA Aerial Nozzle Atomization Models
CP-03 NOZZLE
FOR USE ON FIXED-WING AIRCRAFT
AERIAL APPLICATORS SPRAY NOZZLE HANDBOOK
USDA ARS AGRICULTURAL HANDBOOK NO. XXX
I. W. Kirk, Agricultural Engineer, Areawide Pest M anagement Research Unit,
F
I
X E D
- W I N G
Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 2771 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845-4966, USA.
Directions: Enter CP-03 nozzle settings, pressure, and airspeed in the cells highlighted below.
(Atomization parameters are valid only with nozzle and operational settings specified in the Acceptable Range.)
Orifice Size,
Deflector Angle,
Pressure,
Airspeed,
inches
degrees
psi
mph
Acceptable Range: .061 to .171
30 to 90
20 to 60
100 to 160
0.125
30
60
130
Atomization parameters are displayed in the box below.
CAUTION: Do not enter or clear data in the cells in this box!
DV0.5 =
301 µm
= Volume median diameter
RS = 1.01
%V<100µm = 6.62 %
%V<200µm = 17.51 %
DSC = MEDIUM
= Relative Span
= Percentage of spray volume in droplets smaller than 100 µm diameter.
= Percentage of spray volume in droplets smaller than 200 µm diameter.
= ASAE S572 AUG99 Droplet Spectra Classification
Values and classifications reported here are least-squares best-estimate predictions from experimental data collected in a w ind tunnel.
Values reported from other laboratories may not yield the exact same values, but similar trends w ould be expected.
The ASAE droplet spectra classification category is based on droplet sizes in the mid-80% of the spectrum and not a single data point.
Trade names are mentioned solely for the purpose of providing specific information. M ention of a trade name does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the
U. S. Department of Agriculture, and does not imply endorsement of the product over other products not mentioned.
Disclaimer:
• Brand names appearing in this
presentation are for identification and
illustration purposes only.
• No endorsement is intended, nor is
criticism implied of similar products not
mentioned.
For more information contact:
[email protected]
www.bae.ksu.edu/faculty/wolf/