Transcript The Effects of Biocontrols on Root Knot Nematodes and Rhizobium By Joseph Toole

The Effects of Biocontrols
on Root Knot Nematodes
and Rhizobium
By Joseph Toole
Need

Parasitic
Nematodes are
responsible for
the lose $100
billion annually
(Sasser,97)
http://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/sweetpotato/key/sweetpotato%20diagnotes/m
edia/html/TheProblems/Nematodes/RootKnotNematode/Root-knot.htm
Root Knot Nematodes


RKN is a parasitic
nematode
The life cycle is 17 to 57
days (Widmer,06)
http://vegetablemdonline.ppath.cornell.edu/factsheets/RootKnotNematode.htm
Life Cycle
http://vegetablemdonline.ppath.cornell.edu/factsheets/RootKnotN
ematode.htm
First Stage
Juvenile stage
Life Cycle
http://vegetablemdonline.ppath.cornell.edu/factsheets/RootKnotN
ematode.htm
Second Juvenile Stage
Life Cycle
http://vegetablemdonline.ppath.cornell.edu/factsheets/RootKnotN
ematode.htm
Damage of RKN
SCN Resistant Soy


SCN Resistant Soy is not affected by
parasitic nematodes (Tilka,06)
In under 3 years RKN mutations can render
it useless
http://www.nature.com
Rhizobium


Rhizobium is
nitrogen fixing
bacteria
Can supply half of
the plants nitrogen
needs
Nitrogen Cycle
Heavy Metal Pesticides

Copper Sulfate is a popular Heavy
Metal Pesticide
Clove Oil
Dose-response effects of clove oil from Syzgium
aromaticum on the root knot nematode, Meyer, Susan.
2008
Pasteuria Penetrans
Population Changes in Heterodera glycines and its
Bacterial Parasite Pasteuria sp.in naturally infested soil,
G. R. Noel, Journal of Nematology
Chitin
Control of Soybean Cyst Nematode by Chitinolytic
Bacteria with Chitin Substrate. Tian, Honglin. 2000
Purpose

The purpose of this experiment is to
find the most ecological way to limit
RKN populations without hurting the
Rhizobium
Hypothesis


Alternate- Is that Chitin combined with
another biocontrol will do the best at
limiting RKN w/o harming the
Rhizobium populations
Null- Is that all the treatments will be
the same in terms of the data
collected
Soy+Rhizobium+RKN
N=400
Control
Heavy Metal
Pesticide
N=400
CuSO4
(30mM)
-Nodule Number
-Nodule size
-RKN count
SCN Resistant Soy+Rhizobium+RKN
Biocontrols
Double Biocontrols
N=400
N=400
Chitin (.5%)
Clove oil (.12%)
Pasteuria Penetrans
(100,000/cm3)
Chitin(.5%)+Pasteuria Penetrans
(100,000/cm3)
Data Measured
-Nitrogen Soil/Plant
-Plant Height
Descriptive Data- mean plus or minus standard deviation
Analytical Data- ANOVA/Sheffe post hoc test p<.05
Chitin (.5%)+ Clove oil(.12%)
N=400
Control
Budget
Do-ability



RKN is obtainable from Cornell
University Cooperative program
All the biocontrols are obtainable
Procedures have been done before in
this lab
Bibliography





Becker "Seeking New Controls for Costly Nematodes". Agricultural
Research. March 1999. FindArticles.com. 18 May. 2008.
Beremer, Eric. "Nitrogen Benefits From Rhizobia." Micro Biology 14
(1996). Demands of Gene , Individual and Group Selection.
Evolutionary Biology 12 (1999): 80-93. Abstract.
Chen, S.Y., et al., “Investigation of Fungal Antagonists of Heterodera
Glycines in Minnesota”, Journal of Nematology, 31 (4), Abstract, p.
527, (Dec. 1999).
2001 Nematology Research Project List, Senyu Chen. University of
Minnesota, Southern Research and Outreach Center.
The Soybean Cyst Nematode, S. Chen, University of Minnesota
Extension Service, College of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental
Sciences.
Bibliography





Meyer, J., The influence of fungal parasites on the population
dynamics of Heterodera schachtii on oil radish, Nematologica,
XXVIII, Abstract of Papers at the XVIth International Symposium, p.
161, (1982).
Dose-Response effects of clove oil from Syzygium aromaticum on the
root-knot nematode, Susan, Meyer, Pest Management Science.
64:223-229
Opperman, Charles, “Sequence and Genetic Map of Meloidogyne
hapla: A compact nematode genome for plant parasitism” , Center
for the Biology of Nematode Parasitism, June 20,2008
Population Changes in Heterodera glycines and its Bacterial Parasite
Pasteuria sp.in naturally infested soil, G. R. Noel, Journal of
Nematology 30(1):81-92.1998.
Control of Soybean Cyst Nematode by Chitnolytic Bacteria with Chitin
Sbustrate, Honglin Tian, Journal of Nematology 32(4):370-376.2000.