Transcript Plans for the Reactor Neutrino Experiment Double Chooz CHOOZ-US University College London Seminar

University College London Seminar
January 10, 2006
Plans for the Reactor Neutrino
Experiment Double Chooz
CHOOZ-US
Maury Goodman, Argonne National Lab
France
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Outline
 Remarks about Q13
 CHOOZ
Double Chooz
Status of other Reactor n Initiatives
 K2DET  Diablo Canyon
 RENO Braidwood  Kaska  Daya Bay Angra
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Remarks about Q13
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Mixing
Flavor basis
nm
Mass Basis
n2
ne
n1
ne = n1 cosq + n2 sinq
nm = -n1 sinq + n2 cosq
q
n(t)=e-iEtn(0)
P(nenm) = <ne(t)|nm(0)> = sin2qcos2q|e-iE2t-e-iE1t|2
= sin2(2q) sin2(1.27 Dm2L/E)
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
MNS matrix
=U
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
3 Angles
 q12 ~ 30o measured in solar neutrino
experiments, confirmed by KamLAND reactor
neutrino experiment
 q23 ~ 45o measured in atmospheric neutrino
experiments (particularly Super-K), confirmed
by K2K
 q13 < 12o limited by CHOOZ reactor neutrino
experiment
q13
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
0
q12
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
q23
1 (sin22q)
Apology
₪ Apology to non-experts
₪ Apology to experts
₪ Q13 limits are expressed
several different ways
₪ Several factors of 2
confusion are possible
Ue32 = sin2q13 ~ ½ sin2qme ~1/4 sin22q13
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
• Should the limit be
quoted at the
lowest or mean
Dm2?
• Its .10 (2.5 10-3eV2)
or .19 (2.0 10-3eV2)
in sin22q13
∆m2
Current limit
Palo Verde
SK sin22θ13 (90% CL)
Chooz
sin22θ13
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Impractical ways to
measure q13
• Measure P(ne→nt)
• Sensitivity in atmospheric neutrinos if
q23 ≠ p/4
• Modifications to day/night effects in solar
neutrinos
• Sensitivity to supernova neutrino oscillations
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Practical ways to
measure q13
• Long Baseline Accelerator P(nm→ne); works
better “off-axis”
• Reactor Neutrino ne disappearance
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
CP violation (nmne)
[Long-Baseline Accelerator]
• P(nmne) = P1 + P2 + P3 + P4 {in vacuum}
– P1 = sin2(q23) sin2(2q13) sin2(1.27 Dm312 L/E)
– P2 = cos2(q23) sin2(2q12) sin2(1.27 Dm212 L/E) often negligible
– P3 = -/+ J sin(d) sin(1.27 Dm312 L/E)
– P4 = J cos(d) cos(1.27 Dm312 L/E)
where J = cos(q13) sin (2q12) sin (2q13) sin (2q23) x
sin (1.27 Dm312 L/E) sin (1.27 Dm212 L/E)
P
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Correlations &
degeneracies
• One perfect measurement of P(nmne)
and P(nmne)
8 possible values of sin2(2q13)
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Q13 from reactors?
P(nene) = 1
– cos4q13 sin2 2q12 sin2(Dm221 L/4E)
- sin2 2q13 sin2 (Dm231 L/4E)
No CP terms
P
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
L/E(km/MeV)
Reactor/Accelerator
approaches to q13
Reactor Features
 Best current limit
 Needs careful control of
systematics
 Subtract two numbers
 Not sensitive to CP,
matter
 Required detector sizes
~ 50 tons
Accelerator Features
 Some long-baseline beams
already (almost) exist
 Signal/Background
improves off-axis
 Sensitive to CP, matter
→ambiguities/degeneracies
 Required detector sizes ~
50 kilotons
If there was strong theoretical prejudice for q13 =0,
accelerator CP/matter sensitivity would be less relevant.
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
A personal observation
I started working on Fermilab-Soudan longbaseline in 1988. NuMI Beam started last
year (2005). Since 1988,
 CHOOZ was proposed, ran and finished
 San Onofre → Palo Verde was proposed, ran,
finished
 KamLAND was proposed, ran, & due to its
incredible success, had its impact
It occurs to me that neutrino physics at a
reactor has some advantages w.r.t. speed.
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
CHOOZ
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Chooz site
2 x 4200MW
Reactors
1100m Baseline
300MWE Overburden
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
CHOOZ Cf source
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
ne Signal
Neutron/positron coincidence
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Oscillation signature
• Less antineutrinos than expected.
• A shape of the energy spectrum indicative of
oscillations. (This requires more statistics)
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Systematics Limited by
Reactor Flux
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab

Sin22θ13 < 0.19
(at 2.0 10-2 eV2)
 SK and atmospheric
give allowed ∆m2
Result limited by
systematics
∆m2
CHOOZ Limits
Palo Verde
SK sin22θ13 (90% CL)
Chooz
sin22θ13
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
KamLAND
KamLAND sees a 40% deficit/shape at 200km
related to Dm221
Search for a 1-5% deficit/shape at ~1 km
related to Dm231
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Q13 Initiatives
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Nuclear reactors in the world
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Jan 2004
White Paper
 Instigated by LBL & ANL
 4 Workshops
Alabama 2003
Munich 2003
Niigata 2004
Angra 2005
 7 Site-specific
appendices
 125 authors from 40
institutions in 9 countries
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Rate & shape tests
 To maximize the
statistical power of the
“rate” test, want the
oscillation max at the
peak.
 To maximize the
statistical power of the
“shape” test, want an
oscillation minimum at
the peak.
 The “shape” test
requires more statistics.
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
• Each experiment will do both
• Optimization of distances
depends on Dm2 & GW-t-yr
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Sin22θ13 sensitivity
Sin22θ13 sensitivity
Lindner Group paper
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
8000 t GW y
400 t GW y
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
From hep-ph/0303232
Optimum Location
with a close near detector
Dm2
Rate only
Shape only
3 10-3eV2
1300m
850
2 10-3eV2
1700
1050
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Conclusion of
White Paper
‡ A new experiment can do better than CHOOZ
by using two (or more) detectors
‡ There was not consensus on the how far in
precision reactor experiments could be made
to address – i.e. the eventual limiting
systematic error was not agreed upon(0.030.003).
‡ There is clearly need to address statistical
error in another round or two of experiments
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
q13 Predictions
 q13 is in reach
 A generally accepted
observation of nonzero q13 will take :
2 experiments or
2 techniques (rate &
shape)
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Tally of Predictions
Region of q13 accessible
to Double CHOOZ
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
APS multi-divisional n
study
 One of (two) high
priority
recommendations is for
a concerted program to
measure q13 including:
 A reactor experiment
 An accelerator
experiment (with NOnA in
mind).
 Report available just
today (11/11) at
http://www.aps.org/neutrino/
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
6 reactor projects being
considered now.
Double Chooz
RENO
KASKA
Braidwood
Daya Bay
Angra
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Double-CHOOZ
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
The Chooz Site
1100m Baseline
300MWE Overburden
Chooz-far
Chooz-near
2 x 4200MW
Reactors
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Far site
- Access through the access
tunnel allowed pieces of
diameter 3.6 m maximum
Crane
• Capacity : 5 tons
• Height under hook : 3.5 m
No space for storage
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Layout of the detectors
Outer diameter of Gamma catcher chimney
(125 mm, t=12mm)
Acrylic Target
vessel
LS + 0,1%Gd
(Inner radius = 1,696m
Inner H = 3,55 m
t = 12mm)
LS
Acrylic Gamma
catcher vessel
(Inner radius =1,15m
H = 2,474m
t = 8mm)
Stainless steel
Buffer
(Inner radius = 2,758m
Inner H = 5,674m
t = 3mm)
Muons VETO
(shield)
Inner radius = 3,471m
Thickness = 200mm
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Page 40
Improvement with
g catcher
e+
n
e+
e+
n
H
n signal
n
H
No n signal
spill in/out effect
A ~1% irreducible systematic error from the spill in/out effect
Boundary effect  2 identical inner vessels
Threshold can be lowered from CHOOZ without a fiducial volume cut.
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Interaction n
Gd
=0%
n
e+
 = 100 %
Gd ~0.1%
Acrylic vessel
Gd
unloaded
scintillator
Fiducial volume
European LOI &
US proposal
May 2004
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Working groups
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
AIEA and safeguard
Soft/MC
Scintillators
Pmts
Calibration
Electronics
DAQ
Inner veto
Outer veto
Filling
Installation
** F.Ardellier for detector mechanics
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
M.Cribier
J.LoSecco – L.Oberauer ()
S.Schoenert
Y.Kamyshkov
J.Busenitz-C.Hagner
C.Lane-D.Kryn
G.Horton-Smith – D.Kryn
Tubingen-Munich
D.Reyna
L.Oberauer
not yet installed
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Acrylic calculations
– TARGET VESSEL :
•
•
•
•
Height : 2,8 meters (old dimension)
Diameter : 2,4 meters
Material : acrylics from Roehm / GS233
Thickness : 8 mm
– GAMMA CATCHER VESSEL :
•
•
•
•
•
Height : 4 meters (old dimensions)
Diameter : 3,6 meters
Material : acrylics from Roehm / GS233
Thickness : 12 mm
Stiffner thickness: 8 mm
• Calculations already done
– Mechanical behavior during run phase
– Mechanical behavior during storage phase
and assembly phase
• Started
– transport on truck : vibrations and thermal
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Backgrounds
• Near detector overburden is chosen to keep signal/background
above 100
• Largest background is fast neutrons
• Largest uncertainty in background comes from spallation of Li9
& He8
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Modeling/reducing
g singles radioactivity
1.0E+01
Scintillator
g - Catcher
Veto
Sand
Rock
1.0E+00
Chooz
Rate, Hz in cm
3
1.0E-01
1.0E-02
1.0E-03
Vessel
1.0E-04
PMTs
1.0E-05
Acrylic
1.0E-06
DChooz
1.0E-07
Scintillator
1.0E-08
50.00
100.00
g - Catcher
150.00
Buffer
200.00
250.00
Radius, cm
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Veto
300.00
Steel Rock
350.00
400.00
Near site
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Outer Veto
 The Outer Veto provides additional tagging of m
induced background n’s.
 Prototype counters designed/tested
 A Fluka simulation of m’s aimed at the near
detector is being used to specify needed coverage
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Two main candidates 8” PMTs
Hamamatsu R5912 (Japan)
ETL 9354KB (GB)
Also contact with Photonis: (France) & Burle (USA)
Tech. specs being prepared for the bid process
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Reflectors
?
pe/MeV
%
resolution
Yes
296
6.45
No
215
7.4
Articulated Arm
to calibrate target
• Main Support Rod is inserted
into the center of target
region.
• Arm is hinged at the end of
the support rod and can be
moved to any angle by a
tensioned cable.
• Full coverage of target
region.
• Shadowing and absorption
are acceptable with support
rod diameter less than 1.5”
and arm less than 5mm
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Systematic Errors
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
How Good is Good
Enough?
Double Chooz goal
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Original Chooz
Detector Error
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Main improvements
over CHOOZ
• Larger Detector and full power for both
reactors allows higher Luminosity
• Two detectors cancels many systematic
errors
• Gamma catcher/Buffer allows the elimination
of the fiducial volume cut
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Milestones
• Conceptual Design Review of Far Detector :
– Proposal + 3 months  April 2006
• Production Readiness Review : September 2006
• Start assembly of far detector : November 2006
• Availability of Near laboratory: end of 2008
• Data acquisition with 2 detectors : fall 2009
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Expected Sensitivity 20072012
 Far Detector starts in
2007
 Near detector follows 16
months later
 Double Chooz can
surpass the original
Chooz bound in 6 months
 90% C.L. contour if
sin2(2q13)=0
 Dm2atm = 2.8 10-3 eV2 will
be measured by MINOS
sys=2.5%
sys=0.6%
Far detector
only
Far & Near detectors
together
05/2007 05/2008 05/2009 05/2010
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Braidwood
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Braidwood
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Braidwood
Braidwood Setup:
• Two 3.6 GW reactors
• Two 65 ton (fid vol) near
detectors at 270 m
• Two 65 ton (fid vol) far
detectors at 1510 m
Braidwood
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
• 180m shafts and
Project Summary:
detector halls at
- Overview
450 mwe depth
- Civil Construction
- Detector Design
- Backgrounds and Veto System
Page 58
- Physics Capability
Braidwood Civil
 Two detector locations at 200 m and 1500 m from the reactors
 A 10 m diameter shaft allows access to the detector caverns at 183 m
below the surface
 Caverns are 12m x 14m x 32m and house two detectors with their veto
systems
 Detailed cost estimates were done by the Hilton and Associates engineering
firm.
 Total cost = $29M + $5M (EDIA) + $8.5M (Contingency)
(Shafts: 2@$9.8M, Caverns: 2@$2.4M, Tunnels: $1.7M, and $3.2M
mobilization)
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Movable Detectors
 Transport is necessary to move detectors from
construction/filling area
 Cost estimate $250K/movement campaign (2 to 3)
 Only minimal moving required
for cross checks
Example scenario:
 Possible method: Use climbing jack system with cable to lift
and put units on multi-wheeled trailer (standard method used
in industry for such projects.)
Period
Near
Far
Initial 3 months
A
B
3 year data run
A
C
B
D
Final check
A
D
B
C
Goldhofer Trailer
Moving 400 tons
Daya Bay
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Daya Bay Site
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Daya Bay Layout
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
RENO
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
RENO
Reactor Experiment for Neutrino Oscillations
at YoungGwang in Korea
Reactors
in Korea
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Status Report of
RENO at YoungGwang
 Studied experimental feasibility (sin2(2q13) > 0.03)
 Submitted a proposal of requesting US $9M to MOST
(Ministry of Science and Technology) in April 2005
 MOST has chosen the RENO project and included in the
list of government budget request for 2006
 The Ministry of Finance made a final decision in Dec.
2005 after Congress review and approved the project.
 Contacted the power plant and its local government →
Promised their best cooperation if the project is approved
 A prototype with 40 liters of Gd liquid scintillator is being
built
 Collaboration of Korean Universities (so far)
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
ANGRA
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Guiding Principles of
Angra Design
Make High Luminosity Measurement to
See Oscillation in Energy Spectrum
Reduce Backgrounds to
Negligible Levels
Far Site: 2000 mwe Overburden
Background ~ 1-2 ev/day
Signal ~ 1000 ev/day
6000 GW∙ton∙years
Utilize Favorable Site Conditions
Geology/topology allows inexpensive construction techniques
Reactor Company has close ties to Scientific Research in Brazil
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
ANGRA
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Angra Site
Layout
“Morro do Frade”
 Near detector



reactors
50 ton detector
dia)
300 m from core
250 m.w.e.
(7.2 m
 Far detector:



500 tons (12.5 m dia)
1500 m from core
2000 m.w.e.
(under “Morro do Frade” peak )
 Detector Construction

January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Standard 3 volume
design
KASKA
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
KASKA
@ Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Station
(Niigata U., Tohoku U., Tokyo Metropolitan U., Tokyo Inst. Tech.,
Kobe U, KEK, Miyagi U. of Education, Hiroshima Inst. Tech.)
Near Detectors Far Detectors
*) Reactor Power=24.3GWth
(World's Most Powerful Reactor Complex)
*) Optimized Baseline (L~1.6km)
*) Expertise for Reactor Neutrino Experiment
(KamLAND Experience)
*) Good Relationship with the Electric Power Company
(We have done a drilling study in the reactor site)
*) Pure and Precise q13 measurement
sin22q13 reach ~0.015 (90%CL)
*) Future Extendability
The high reactor power enables:
- Measurement of Dm213 at L~ a few km.
- Precise q12 measurement at L~50km
& KASKA as near detector
KASKA Status
KASKA Prototype Detector
•R&D Budgets have been obtained
Performing
- Prototype Study
- On site geology/background study
- LS development
- Electronics development
- Cosmic-ray tracker R&D
- Calibration System R&D
- Acrylic Vessel R&D
•Requesting a full budget for JFY2006
If approved this year, KASKA will take data from
March/2009.
On site boring study
Page 74
NuSAG
 In the United States, a Neutrino Scientific
Assessment Group has heard a proposal
from US groups to work on Double Chooz,
and R&D proposals for groups working on
Braidwood and Daya Bay.
 A recommendation to DOE/NSF is expected
in September 2005/October 2005/November
2005/December 2005/January 2006.
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Reactor n
experiment parameters
Power
GWth
<Power>
GWth
Location
Detectors
km/ton/MWE
Angra
6.0
5.3
Brazil
0.05/1/20
0.3/50/250
1.5/500/2000
Braidwood
7.2
6.5
Illinois US
0.27/[652]/464
1.51/[652]/464
11.6
9.9
(17.4 after 2010)
(14.8 after 2010)
China
0.36/40/260
0.50/40/260
1.75/[402]/910
Double
Chooz
8.7
7.4
France
0.15/10.2/60
1.067/10.2/300
KASKA
24.3
19.4
Japan
0.35/6/90 [2]
1.6/[62]/260
RENO
17.3
16.4
Korea
0.15/20/230
1.5/20/675
Daya Bay
Reactor n
experiment physics
Reactor
Optimistic
start date
GW-t-yr
(yr)
90% CL
Sin22q13
for Dm2
(10-3eV2)
efficiencies
Far event
rate
2.5
0.80.9
350,000/yr
2.5
0.75
41,000/yr
0.750.83
70,000/yr
110,000/yr
sensitivity
ANGRA
2013(full)
Braidwood
2010
Daya Bay
08(fast)
09(full)
3900(1)
9000(3)
15000(5)
0.0070
0.0060
0.0055
845(1)
2535(3)
7605(9)
0.007
0.005
0.0035
3700(3)
0.008
2.5
(before/after 2010)
29(1)
29(1+1)
80(1+3)
0.08
0.04
0.025
Mar 09
493(3)
0.015
2.5
Late 09
340(1)
0.03
2.0
Double
Chooz
Oct 07(far)
KASKA
RENO
Oct 08(near)
2.5
0.8 0.9
15,000/yr
0.80.88
24,000/yr
0.8
18,000/yr
Caveats/Comments
on the previous two tables
₪ Costs were not included!
* Costs, schedule risk, time value of parameter knowledge,
relations with power companies, local support, collaboration
strength, management, … are all important in making
decisions.
₪ Systematics are not included in the table, but most
experiments are designed to be close to statistics
limited.
₪ Reactor Power is fairly well known
₪ All detector parameters (except Double Chooz far)
are subject to design/redesign
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Linear & log
sensitivity
If all experiments proceed with their optimistic schedule
and expected sensitivity…
First nonzero
evidence
Double Chooz
Braidwood
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
I. Get to the
Transition
Strategy #1
(Double Chooz,
RENO)
There is considerable
parameter space
available to quickly
improve the current
limit.
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
II. Beat Down the
Transition
Strategy #2
(Braidwood, Daya
Bay, KASKA)
Work hard on reducing
systematic errors, such
as with movable
detectors.
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
III. Pass the
Transition
Strategy #3
(Angra)
With larger detectors,
make yourself less
sensitive to systematic
errors.
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Question
۩ Why do an experiment that achieves 0.03
when a recognized goal is for 0.01?
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
o An experiment sensitive to 0.03 is a crucial
step on the way to an experiment (which we
want) which is sensitive to 0.01.
o An experiment to measure 0.01 is 70 times
harder than an experiment to measure 0.03.
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
.03 to .01
8000 t GW y
Factor of 70 in L for .03 to .01
need not all be in Luminosity,
can be improved L, systematics
400 t GW y
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Reactor with off-axis
Analysis courtesy Shaevitz & Kahn
 A medium reactor
experiment will limit
sin22q13 a factor of 3 better
than NOvA or T2K at the
worst d:
 If a non-zero measurement
is made, it will constrain
sin22q13 much better:
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Reactor/Off-axis & q23
 It can help the off-axis
experiments resolve the
q23 degeneracy
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
CP; hierarchy
 Reactor experiments can
be used to help off-axis
experiments constrain
the CP violation phase
 Also, the mass hierarchy
can be determined in
limited regions of
parameter space, if
sin22q13>0.03
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
International Atomic Energy Agency
IAEA is the verification authority for the NonProliferation Treaty
Safety & Security
Science & Technology
Safeguard & Verification
•
Control, for the international community, that member states
do not divert their civil nuclear installations for
military purposes.
–
Book keeping of nuclear materials
•
•
•
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Fuel assemblies, rods, containers
Checks during transports
Remote or unattended controls
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Spectra observed in certain
scenario
PWR same power : 4.2 GW
Detector of 12.7 tons (SuperChooz) at 70 m
# int
# int
235
U 210.0 1.92 3.2
=


= 1.60
235
Pu 201.7 1.45 2.76
235U
239Pu
: 56.8%
: 29.7 %
≈ 42000± 200 /10 j
235U
239Pu
: 62.4%
: 24.1 %
≈ 41000 ± 200 /10 j
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Th. Lasserre
G. Mention
Conclusion
• Double-CHOOZ is one of several ideas for
new experiments to measure q13 in nuclear
reactors
• In some sense, it is the furthest along.
• If fully approved soon,
– Will reach CHOOZ sin22q13 (0.19) limit in 4 months
from far-detector turn on in 2007
– sin22q13 > 0.05 in 2009
– sin22q13 > 0.03 in 2010-2011
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Advertisement(s)
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January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Chooz Correlated
Backgrounds
Production of 9-Li
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Chooz Data
Period 1&2:
24.1 days RxOFF
174.7 days RxON
Period 3:
114.1 days RxOFF
22.1 days RxON
138 days RxOFF
197 days RxON
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Electron spectrum from events
with a correlated neutron
4 known lines
Gaussian line
widths used for
short-lived states
No recoil proton
energy added
No smearing
(small effect)
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne
National
Lab
Kinetic
Energy
MeV
Flat Background +
Shape
c2/DOF = 17.43/16
(36%)
BLi9 = 123(80)
= 0.62(0.41) d-1
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
9Li
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Fit range
accidentals
Use Extended
Spectrum
Chuck read .ps
file from publication
to get data points
254 events
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
Fit Using Extended
Spectrum
Extended spectrum
Flat background
0.69(0.15) /day Li9
Fit Range
9-Li
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab
flat
Implications for
Double Chooz
• New predicted 9Li rate in Double Chooz is ~1.4 d-1
• previous estimate was 0.4 d-1
• this is about 2% of expected signal, so we must
measure this to about 10% or better
• near detector ~20 d-1 or about 0.5% of signal,
• 5 days of RxOFF would be sufficient
• At ICRC05 I prayed to Ganesh for 5 ROFF days &
the prayer will be granted (courtesy RamanaMurthy)
January 10, 2006
Double Chooz
Maury Goodman
Argonne National Lab