Transcript Cardiovascular System By: Haley Groesbeck & Kayla Brice

Cardiovascular System
By: Haley Groesbeck & Kayla
Brice
Functions
Transport• The nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to cells throughout the body
and removal of wastes like carbon dioxide, nitrogenous wastes, and
heat.
Protection• Protects the body with white blood cells, antibodies, and
complement proteins. These circulate in the blood and defend the
body against microbes and toxins.
• Clotting mechanisms help protect the body from blood loss after
injuries.
Regulation• The body temperature, fluid pH, and water content of cells.
Major organs of our system……
Heart
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It’s a muscle that is big as your fist.
The heart pumps 24 hours a day without getting tired.
The heart muscle is special because of what it does. The heart sends blood
around your body. The blood provides your body with the oxygen and
nutrients it needs. It also carries away waste that is in your body.
Your heart is sort of like a pump, or two pumps but together to make one.
The right side of your heart receives blood from the body and pumps it to
the lungs. The left side of the heart does the exact opposite: It receives
blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the body.
Before each beat, your heart fills with blood. Then its muscle contracts to
squirt the blood along. When the heart contracts, it squeezes out the blood.
Your heart does this all day and all night, all the time.
Blood Vessels
• Tubes that blood flows through.
• Three different kinds of blood vessels:
-arteries
-veins
-capillaries
• Blood vessels are kind of like freeways. Small arteries
and veins are like back roads.
• Major veins and arteries are more like super highways.
They carry blood across larger areas and to other organs
throughout the body.
Blood
• Delivers nutrients and oxygen to all of our cells and removing carbon
dioxide and waste.
• Made of different kinds of cells.
• Every cell in the body gets its nutrients from blood.
• Blood is a mixture of two components: cells and plasma.
• The adult human body contains approximately 5 liters of blood; it
makes up 7 to 8 percent of a person's body weight. Approximately to
3 liters of blood is plasma and the rest is the cellular portion.
• Plasma is the liquid portion of the blood. Blood cells like red blood
cells float in the plasma.
• Blood is about 78 percent water.
• Blood takes about 20 seconds to circulate throughout the entire
vascular system.
Arteries
• Carry blood away from the heart.
• The hollow center where blood flows through is called
the lumen.
• Walls of arteries are dense, elastic and muscular.
• The biggest artery is called the aorta.
• This artery handles blood pumped at high forces with
each and every heartbeat.
• The rubbery walls help to ensure that the artery doesn’t
burst under all of the pressure.
Veins
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Veins carry blood towards the heart.
Most veins carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the lungs.
Vein color is determined in large part by the color of venous blood, which is usually
dark red as a result of its low oxygen content. Veins appear blue because the
subcutaneous fat absorbs low frequency light.
Venous insufficiency is the most common disorder of the venous system, and is
usually called spider veins or varicose veins. Treatments can include radiofrequency
ablation, vein stripping, lasers, or compression.
Postphlebitic syndrome is venous insufficiency that develops following deep vein
thrombosis.
Deep vein thrombosis is a condition where a blood clot forms in a deep vein.
Thrombophlebitis is an inflammatory condition of the veins related to blood clots.
Capillaries
• Tiny blood vessels connect arteries to veins.
• The walls are so thin that oxygen, nutrients, and wastes can pass
through them.
• Capillaries are in the lungs, for example, it allows oxygen from the
lungs to enter the blood.
• Capillaries are the smallest blood vessel. They serve to distribute
oxygenated blood from arteries to the tissues of the body and to
feed deoxygenated blood from the tissues back into the veins.
• Capillaries are from about 5-10 microns in diameter. Capillary walls
are thin. Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and wastes are
exchanged through the thin walls.
Red blood cells
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Red blood cells give blood its color.
They carry oxygen to other cells in the body.
One drop of blood contains millions of blood cells which constantly are traveling
around your body.
When they are traveling throughout your body they are delivering oxygen and
removing wastes.
If red blood cells didn't have these functions, then your body would slowly die.
What makes these cells red is because they contain a protein chemical called
hemoglobin.
The element iron is found in hemoglobin and it is great to transport carbon dioxide
and oxygen.
The average life of a red blood cell is 120 days.
When blood passes through the lungs oxygen molecules attach to the hemoglobin.
When blood passes through the tissue the hemoglobin releases the oxygen to other
cells.
White blood cells
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Help defend the body against illness.
When a white blood cell sees a germ it has different ways to attack it:
1. Some will produce protective antibodies that will overpower that germ.
2. Others will surround and devour the bacteria.
A white blood cell has a short live span, it can live from a few days to a few
weeks.
Just one drop of blood can contain anywhere from 7,000 to 25,000 white
blood cells at a time.
If any invading infection will fight back and persist, that number will
increase.
When there is a significant amount of white blood cells, then that means
that person has leukemia, a type of cancer in the blood.
A leukemic patient will have up to 50,000 white blood cells in just one drop.
Diseases that affect this system
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Angina
Atherosclerosis
Cardiac Arrhythmia
Cardiomyopathy
Chronic Venous Insufficiency(CVI)
High Blood Pressure
High Cholesterol
High Homocysteine (Hyperhomocysteinemia)
High Triglycerides
Hypoglycemia
Insulin Resistance Syndrome(IRS)
Mitral Valve Prolapse(MVP)
Myocardial Infarction(MI, Heart Attack)
Sickle Cell Anemia
Leukemia
Autologous Blood transfusion
What would happen to our bodies if the
cardiovascular system failed…
Without the heart to pump blood through your body
you would not be able to sustain life and you would die. 
Also the blood would not be able to get to your brain
and so you could go unconscious and end up dying.
If plasma built up around the arteries they would fail
because they would not get enough oxygen to survive. So
obviously you would die from anything!!
Relationships to other systems
1. One system that is related to the cardiovascular system
is the Lymphatic system. It rids the body of waste
products, protects are body from harmful effects of
getting sick.
2. Another system is the nervous system. Its what
recognizes signals, and controls are actions. Our brain
then recognizes these signals and sends them to the
adrenal glands.
Body systems that work with the
cardiovascular system
1. The respiratory system works together with the cardiovascular
system because they both work towards the same goal. They both get
oxygen to tissue and get carbon dioxide out. The respiratory system
works to get oxygen to the blood and removing carbon dioxide.
2. The other systems are the nervous system and endocrine system.
When we exercise our brain (nervous system) recognizes this and
signals the adrenal glands (endocrine system) to release adrenaline to
make your heart (cardiovascular system) pump faster to supply more
blood/oxygen to your muscles in order that you achieve the task,
whether fight. The systems work together to maintain homeostasis. If
there is stress on one system, other systems kicks in to correct the
imbalance.
Disorders and treatment
Diabetes
Atherosclerosis
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The major goal in treating diabetes is to
minimize any elevation of blood sugar
without causing low levels of blood sugar.
Some diabetes are treated with insulin ,
exercise , and a diabetic diet . Other
diabetes are treated first with weight
reduction, a diabetic diet , and exercise.
When these measures fail to control the
elevated blood sugars, medications are
used. If medications are still insufficient,
treatment with insulin is considered.
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Weight reduction and exercise are important
treatments for diabetes. Weight reduction
and exercise increase the body's sensitivity
to insulin, helping to control blood sugar
elevations.
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Atherosclerosis treatment usually begins
with lifestyle changes, such as eating well,
exercising regularly, quitting smoking, and
maintaining a healthy weight. In addition,
medications may be prescribed, such as
ACE inhibitors. In advanced cases,
atherosclerosis treatment may require
special procedures such as angioplasty or
open heart surgery to open an artery and
make the blood flow.
Other
According to the American Heart
Association, over 80,000,000 Americans
have one form or another of cardiovascular
disease. Some of the most common
cardiovascular diseases include "heart
disease," "hypertension," "atherosclerosis,"
"diabetes" and "peripheral artery disease" or
"PAD."
Sites we went to…….
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Functions of the Cardiovascular System. Web. 10 Jan. 10.
<http://www.cliffsnotes.com/WileyCDA/CliffsReviewTopic/Functions-of-the-CardiovascularSystem.topicArticleId-22032,articleId-21963.html>.
Google images. Web. 11 Jan. 10. <http://images.google.com/imghp?hl=en&tab=wi>.
Howstuffworks.com. Web. 10 Jan. 10. <http://health.howstuffworks.com/blood.htm>.
Kidshealth.org. Web. 10 Jan. 10. <http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/heart.html>.
White blood cells. Web. 10 Jan. 10. <http://www.fi.edu/learn/heart/blood/white.html>.
Livestrong.com. Web. 12 Jan. 10. <http://www.livestrong.com/article/18606-cardiovascularsystem-work-respiratory-system/>.
EHow.com. Web. 10 Jan. 10. <http://www.ehow.com/about_5147126_lymphatic-system-relatedcardiovascular-system.html>.
How does the cardiovascular system depend on other body systems? Web. 12 Jan. 10.
<http://genesis.findfastr.com/cardiovascular/how-does-the-cardiovascular-system-depend-onother-body-systems
Atherosclerosis Treatment. Web. 25 Jan. 2010. <http://heartdisease.emedtv.com/atherosclerosis/atherosclerosis-treatment.html>.
Diabetes treatments. Web. 25 Jan. 2010.
<http://www.medicinenet.com/diabetes_treatment/article.htm>.
Sites continued….
• How Does the Cardiovascular Systems Depend On Other Body
Systems. Web. 24 Jan. 2010.
<http://genesis.findfastr.com/cardiovascular/how-does-thecardiovascular-system-depend-on-other-body-systems>.
• Kayla’s Aunt Michelle who is a Nurse Practitioner. Yay go aunt!!
THE END!!